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#' Gibbs sampler for vector autoregressive model.
#'
#' Obtain samples of the posterior of a Bayesian VAR model of fixed order.
#' An independent Normal-Inverse-Wishart prior is employed.
#' @details See Section 2.2.3 in Koop and Korobilis (2010) or Section 6.2 in Meier (2018) for further details
#' @param data numeric matrix; NA values are interpreted as missing values and treated as random
#' @param ar.order order of the autoregressive model (integer >= 0)
#' @param Ntotal total number of iterations to run the Markov chain
#' @param burnin number of initial iterations to be discarded
#' @param thin thinning number (postprocessing)
#' @param print_interval Number of iterations, after which a status is printed to console
#' @param full_lik logical; if TRUE, the full likelihood for all observations is used; if FALSE, the partial likelihood for the last n-p observations
#' @param beta.mu prior mean of beta vector (normal)
#' @param beta.Sigma prior covariance matrix of beta vector
#' @param Sigma.S prior parameter for the innovation covariance matrix, symmetric positive definite matrix
#' @param Sigma.nu prior parameter for the innovation covariance matrix, nonnegative real number
#' @return list containing the following fields:
#'
#' \item{beta}{matrix containing traces of the VAR parameter vector beta}
#' \item{Sigma}{trace of innovation covariance Sigma}
#' \item{psd.median,psd.mean}{psd estimates: (pointwise, componentwise) posterior median and mean}
#' \item{psd.p05,psd.p95}{pointwise credibility interval}
#' \item{psd.u05,psd.u95}{uniform credibility interval, see (6.5) in Meier (2018)}
#' \item{lpost}{trace of log posterior}
#' @references G. Koop and D. Korobilis (2010)
#' \emph{Bayesian Multivariate Time Series Methods for Empirical Macroeconomics}
#' Foundations and Trends in Econometrics
#' <doi:10.1561/0800000013>
#' @references A. Meier (2018)
#' \emph{A Matrix Gamma Process and Applications to Bayesian Analysis of Multivariate Time Series}
#' PhD thesis, OvGU Magdeburg
#' <https://opendata.uni-halle.de//handle/1981185920/13470>
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#'
#' ##
#' ## Example 1: Fit a VAR(p) model to SOI/Recruitment series:
#' ##
#'
#' # Use this variable to set the VAR model order
#' p <- 5
#'
#' data <- cbind(as.numeric(astsa::soi-mean(astsa::soi)),
#' as.numeric(astsa::rec-mean(astsa::rec)) / 50)
#' data <- apply(data, 2, function(x) x-mean(x))
#'
#' # If you run the example be aware that this may take several minutes
#' print("example may take some time to run")
#' mcmc <- gibbs_var(data=data, ar.order=p, Ntotal=10000, burnin=4000, thin=2)
#'
#' # Plot spectral estimate, credible regions and periodogram on log-scale
#' plot(mcmc, log=T)
#'
#'
#'
#' ##
#' ## Example 2: Fit a VAR(p) model to VMA(1) data
#' ##
#'
#' # Use this variable to set the VAR model order
#' p <- 5
#'
#' n <- 256
#' ma <- rbind(c(-0.75, 0.5), c(0.5, 0.75))
#' Sigma <- rbind(c(1, 0.5), c(0.5, 1))
#' data <- sim_varma(model=list(ma=ma), n=n, d=2)
#' data <- apply(data, 2, function(x) x-mean(x))
#'
#' # If you run the example be aware that this may take several minutes
#' print("example may take some time to run")
#' mcmc <- gibbs_var(data=data, ar.order=p, Ntotal=10000, burnin=4000, thin=2)
#'
#' # Plot spectral estimate, credible regions and periodogram on log-scale
#' plot(mcmc, log=T)
#' }
#' @importFrom Rcpp evalCpp
#' @useDynLib beyondWhittle, .registration = TRUE
#' @export
gibbs_var <- function(data,
ar.order,
Ntotal,
burnin,
thin=1,
print_interval=500,
full_lik=F,
beta.mu=rep(0,ar.order * ncol(data)^2),
beta.Sigma=1e4 * diag(ar.order * ncol(data)^2),
Sigma.S=1e-4 * diag(ncol(data)),
Sigma.nu=1e-4) {
if (!is.matrix(data) || !is.numeric(data)) {
stop("'data' must be numeric matrix with d columns and n rows")
}
d <- ncol(data)
if (d<2) {
stop("This function is not suited for univariate time series. Use gibbs_AR instead")
}
if (max(abs(apply(data,2,mean,na.rm=T))) > 1e-4) {
data <- apply(data,2,center,na.rm=T)
warning("Data has been mean centered")
}
cl <- match.call()
mcmc_params <- list(Ntotal=Ntotal,
burnin=burnin,
thin=thin,
print_interval=print_interval)
prior_params <- list(var.order=ar.order,
beta_prior=beta.mu,
V_prior=beta.Sigma,
S_prior=Sigma.S,
nu_prior=Sigma.nu)
model_params <- psd_dummy_model()
# Call internal MCMC algorithm
mcmc_var <- gibbs_VAR_nuisance_intern(data=data,
mcmc_params=mcmc_params,
prior_params=prior_params,
model_params=model_params)
return(structure(list(call=cl,
data=data,
beta=mcmc_var$beta,
Sigma=mcmc_var$Sigma,
psd.median=complexValuedPsd(mcmc_var$fpsd.s),
psd.mean=complexValuedPsd(mcmc_var$fpsd.mean),
psd.p05=complexValuedPsd(mcmc_var$fpsd.s05),
psd.p95=complexValuedPsd(mcmc_var$fpsd.s95),
psd.u05=complexValuedPsd(mcmc_var$fpsd.uci05),
psd.u95=complexValuedPsd(mcmc_var$fpsd.uci95),
missing_values=mcmc_var$missingValues_trace,
lpost=mcmc_var$lpost,
algo="gibbs_var"),
class="gibbs_psd"))
}
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