Nothing
################################################################################
# Parallel implementation
svds4.par <- function(X, fun.scaling, ind.row, ind.col, k,
tol, verbose, ncores,
fun.prod, fun.cprod) {
n <- length(ind.row)
m <- length(ind.col)
intervals <- CutBySize(m, nb = ncores)
TIME <- 0.001
Ax <- FBM(n, ncores)
Atx <- FBM(m, 1)
calc <- FBM(ncores, 1, init = -1)
cluster_type <- getOption("bigstatsr.cluster.type")
if (verbose) {
register_parallel(1 + ncores, type = cluster_type, outfile = "")
} else {
register_parallel(1 + ncores, type = cluster_type)
}
res <- foreach(ic = 0:ncores) %dopar% {
if (ic == 0) { # I'm the master
# Wait for the slaves to finish computing the scalings
while (any(calc[] < 0)) {
if (any(calc[] == -2)) {
calc[] <- 3 # signal all slaves to stop
stop2(MSG_ZERO_SCALE)
} else Sys.sleep(TIME)
}
printf <- function(...) cat(sprintf(...))
it <- 0
# A
A <- function(x, args) {
printf("%d - computing A * x\n", it <<- it + 1)
Atx[] <- x
calc[] <- 1 # make them work
# the master wait for its slaves to finish working
while (any(calc[] > 0)) Sys.sleep(TIME)
rowSums(Ax[])
}
# Atrans
Atrans <- function(x, args) {
printf("%d - computing At * x\n", it <<- it + 1)
Ax[, 1] <- x
calc[] <- 2 # make them work
# the master wait for its slaves to finish working
while (any(calc[] > 0)) Sys.sleep(TIME)
Atx[]
}
res <- RSpectra::svds(A, k, nu = k, nv = k, opts = list(tol = tol),
Atrans = Atrans, dim = c(n, m))
calc[] <- 3 # end
res
} else { # You're my slaves
# Get their part
lo <- intervals[ic, "lower"]
up <- intervals[ic, "upper"]
ind.col.part <- ind.col[lo:up]
# Scaling
ms <- fun.scaling(X, ind.row = ind.row, ind.col = ind.col.part)
if (any_near0(ms$scale)) {
calc[ic] <- -2 # signal the master there is an issue with the scaling
return(ms)
} else {
calc[ic] <- 0
}
repeat {
# Slaves wait for their master to give them orders
while (calc[ic] == 0) Sys.sleep(TIME)
c <- calc[ic]
# Slaves do the hard work
if (c == 1) {
# Compute A * x (part)
Ax[, ic] <- fun.prod(X, Atx[lo:up], ind.row, ind.col.part,
center = ms$center, scale = ms$scale)
} else if (c == 2) {
# Compute At * x (part)
Atx[lo:up] <- fun.cprod(X, Ax[, 1], ind.row, ind.col.part,
center = ms$center, scale = ms$scale)
} else if (c == 3) {
# End
break
}
calc[ic] <- 0
}
ms
}
}
# Separate the results and combine the scaling vectors
l <- do.call("c", res[-1])
res <- res[[1]]
s <- c(TRUE, FALSE)
res$center <- unlist(l[s], use.names = FALSE)
res$scale <- unlist(l[!s], use.names = FALSE)
# Return
res
}
################################################################################
# Single core implementation
svds4.seq <- function(X, fun.scaling, ind.row, ind.col, k, tol, verbose,
fun.prod, fun.cprod) {
n <- length(ind.row)
m <- length(ind.col)
# scaling
ms <- fun.scaling(X, ind.row, ind.col)
if (any_near0(ms$scale)) stop2(MSG_ZERO_SCALE)
printf <- function(...) if (verbose) cat(sprintf(...))
it <- 0
# A
A <- function(x, args) {
printf("%d - computing A * x\n", it <<- it + 1)
fun.prod(X, x, ind.row, ind.col, center = ms$center, scale = ms$scale)
}
# Atrans
Atrans <- function(x, args) {
printf("%d - computing At * x\n", it <<- it + 1)
fun.cprod(X, x, ind.row, ind.col, center = ms$center, scale = ms$scale)
}
res <- RSpectra::svds(A, k, nu = k, nv = k, opts = list(tol = tol),
Atrans = Atrans, dim = c(n, m))
res$center <- ms$center
res$scale <- ms$scale
res
}
################################################################################
#' Randomized partial SVD
#'
#' An algorithm for partial SVD (or PCA) of a Filebacked Big Matrix based on the
#' algorithm in RSpectra (by Yixuan Qiu and Jiali Mei).\cr
#' This algorithm is linear in time in all dimensions and is very
#' memory-efficient. Thus, it can be used on very large big.matrices.
#'
#' @note The idea of using this Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method algorithm
#' comes from G. Abraham, Y. Qiu, and M. Inouye,
#' FlashPCA2: principal component analysis of biobank-scale genotype datasets,
#' bioRxiv: \doi{10.1101/094714}.
#' \cr
#' It proved to be faster than our implementation of the "blanczos" algorithm
#' in Rokhlin, V., Szlam, A., & Tygert, M. (2010).
#' A Randomized Algorithm for Principal Component Analysis.
#' SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 31(3), 1100-1124.
#' \doi{10.1137/080736417}.
#'
#' @inheritParams bigstatsr-package
#' @param k Number of singular vectors/values to compute. Default is `10`.
#' __This algorithm should be used to compute only a few singular vectors/values.__
#' @param tol Precision parameter of [svds][RSpectra::svds]. Default is `1e-4`.
#' @param verbose Should some progress be printed? Default is `FALSE`.
#' @param fun.prod Function that takes 6 arguments (in this order):
#' - a matrix-like object `X`,
#' - a vector `x`,
#' - a vector of row indices `ind.row` of `X`,
#' - a vector of column indices `ind.col` of `X`,
#' - a vector of column centers (corresponding to `ind.col`),
#' - a vector of column scales (corresponding to `ind.col`),
#' and compute the product of `X` (subsetted and scaled) with `x`.
#' @param fun.cprod Same as `fun.prod`, but for the *transpose* of `X`.
#'
#' @export
#'
#' @return A named list (an S3 class "big_SVD") of
#' - `d`, the singular values,
#' - `u`, the left singular vectors,
#' - `v`, the right singular vectors,
#' - `niter`, the number of the iteration of the algorithm,
#' - `nops`, number of Matrix-Vector multiplications used,
#' - `center`, the centering vector,
#' - `scale`, the scaling vector.
#'
#' Note that to obtain the Principal Components, you must use
#' [predict][predict.big_SVD] on the result. See examples.
#'
#' @example examples/example-randomSVD.R
#' @seealso [svds][RSpectra::svds]
#'
big_randomSVD <- function(
X, fun.scaling = big_scale(center = FALSE, scale = FALSE),
ind.row = rows_along(X),
ind.col = cols_along(X),
k = 10,
tol = 1e-4,
verbose = FALSE,
ncores = 1,
fun.prod = big_prodVec,
fun.cprod = big_cprodVec
) {
check_args(X = "")
if (ncores > 1) {
res <- svds4.par(X, fun.scaling, ind.row, ind.col, k, tol, verbose, ncores,
fun.prod, fun.cprod)
} else {
res <- svds4.seq(X, fun.scaling, ind.row, ind.col, k, tol, verbose,
fun.prod, fun.cprod)
}
structure(res, class = "big_SVD")
}
################################################################################
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