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#' Z_curve_48bit_DNA (Zcurve48bit_DNA)
#'
#' These group of functions (Zcurve (9, 12, 36, 48, 144)_bit) function calculates the Z-curves. Z-curves are based on freqiencies of nucleotides, di-nucleotides, or tri-nucleotides and their positions on the sequences.
#' For more information about the methods please refer to reference part.
#'
#' @references Gao,F. and Zhang,C.T. Comparison of various algorithms for recognizing short coding sequences of human genes. Bioinformatics, (2004).
#'
#' @param seqs is a FASTA file containing nucleotide sequences. The sequences start
#' with '>'. Also, seqs could be a string vector. Each element of the vector is a nucleotide sequence.
#'
#' @param ORF (Open Reading Frame) is a logical parameter. If it is set to true, ORF region of each sequence is considered instead of the original sequence (i.e., 3-frame).
#'
#' @param reverseORF is a logical parameter. It is enabled only if ORF is true.
#' If reverseORF is true, ORF region will be searched in the sequence and also in the reverse complement of the sequence (i.e., 6-frame).
#'
#'
#' @param label is an optional parameter. It is a vector whose length is equivalent to the number of sequences. It shows the class of
#' each entry (i.e., sequence).
#'
#' @return This function returns a feature matrix. The number of rows is equal to the number of sequences and
#' the number of columns is 48.
#'
#'
#' @export
#'
#' @examples
#'
#' fileLNC<-system.file("extdata/Athaliana_LNCRNA.fa",package="ftrCOOL")
#' mat<-Zcurve48bit_DNA(seqs=fileLNC,ORF=TRUE,reverseORF=FALSE)
Zcurve48bit_DNA<-function(seqs,ORF=FALSE,reverseORF=TRUE,label=c()){
if(length(seqs)==1&&file.exists(seqs)){
seqs<-fa.read(seqs,alphabet="dna")
seqs_Lab<-alphabetCheck(seqs,alphabet = "dna",label)
seqs<-seqs_Lab[[1]]
label<-seqs_Lab[[2]]
}
else if(is.vector(seqs)){
seqs<-sapply(seqs,toupper)
seqs_Lab<-alphabetCheck(seqs,alphabet = "dna",label)
seqs<-seqs_Lab[[1]]
label<-seqs_Lab[[2]]
}
else {
stop("ERROR: Input sequence is not in the correct format. It should be a FASTA file or a string vector.")
}
flag=0
if(ORF==TRUE){
if(length(label)==length(seqs)){
names(label)=names(seqs)
flag=1
}
seqs=maxORF(seqs,reverse=reverseORF)
if(flag==1)
label=label[names(seqs)]
}
numSeqs<-length(seqs)
lenSeqs<-sapply(seqs,nchar)
TriNuc<-nameKmer(k=3,type = "dna")
featureMatrix<-matrix(ncol = 48,nrow = numSeqs)
for(n in 1:numSeqs){
seq<-seqs[n]
lenSeq<-lenSeqs[n]
seqChars<-unlist(strsplit(seq,split = ""))
temp<-seqChars[1:(lenSeq-2)]
temp2<-seqChars[2:(lenSeq-1)]
temp3<-seqChars[3:lenSeq]
Trimer<-paste(temp,temp2,temp3,sep = "")
tabtrimer<-table(Trimer)
freqTrim<-rep(0,64)
names(freqTrim)<-TriNuc
freqTrim[names(tabtrimer)]<-tabtrimer
diNucs<-nameKmer(k=2,type = "dna")
Pxa=freqTrim[paste(diNucs,"A",sep="")]
Pxg=freqTrim[paste(diNucs,"G",sep="")]
Pxc=freqTrim[paste(diNucs,"C",sep="")]
Pxt=freqTrim[paste(diNucs,"T",sep="")]
xVect<-(Pxa+Pxg)-(Pxc+Pxt)
yVect<-(Pxa+Pxc)-(Pxg+Pxt)
zVect<-(Pxa+Pxt)-(Pxg+Pxc)
mat<-rbind(xVect,yVect,zVect)
vecMat<-as.vector(mat)
featureMatrix[n,]<-vecMat/(lenSeq-2)
}
tempName1<-rep(diNucs,each=3)
tempName2<-rep(c("x","y","z"),16)
tmp<-paste0(tempName1,".",tempName2)
colnames(featureMatrix)<-tmp
if(length(label)==numSeqs){
featureMatrix<-as.data.frame(featureMatrix)
featureMatrix<-cbind(featureMatrix,label)
}
return(featureMatrix)
}
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