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#' Convert standard direction angles (in radians relative to the x-axis) to turning angle covariates suitable for circular-circular regression on the angle mean
#'
#' This function can be used to convert angular covariates (e.g., ocean currents, wind direction) measured in radians relative to the x-axis to turning angle
#' covariates sutiable for circular-circular regression in \code{\link{fitHMM}} or \code{\link{MIfitHMM}}.
#'
#' @param refAngle Numeric vector of standard direction angles (in radians) relative to the x-axis, where 0 = east, pi/2 = north, pi = west, -pi/2 = south
#' @param data data frame containing fields for the x- and y-coordinates (identified by \code{coordNames}) and 'ID' (if more than one individual)
#' @param coordNames Names of the columns of coordinates in \code{data}. Default: \code{c("x","y")}.
#'
#' @return A vector of turning angles between the movement direction at time step t-1 and \code{refAngle} at time t
#'
#' @examples
#' # extract data from momentuHMM example
#' data<-example$m$data
#'
#' # generate fake angle covariates
#' u <- rnorm(nrow(data)) # horizontal component
#' v <- rnorm(nrow(data)) # vertical component
#' refAngle <- atan2(v,u)
#'
#' # add turning angle covariate to data
#' data$cov3 <- circAngles(refAngle=refAngle,data=data)
#'
#' @export
circAngles<-function(refAngle,data,coordNames=c("x","y")){
if(!is.data.frame(data)) stop("data must be a data frame")
if(any(dim(data)==0)) stop("data is empty")
if(length(coordNames)!=2) stop('coordNames must be of length 2')
if(!is.null(data$ID)) ID <- as.character(data$ID) # homogenization of numeric and string IDs
else ID <- rep(1,nrow(data)) # default ID if none provided
if(nrow(data)!=length(refAngle)) stop('refAngle must be of length ',nrow(data))
if(min(refAngle)<= -pi | max(refAngle)> pi) stop('refAngle must be in (-pi,pi]')
x <- data[[coordNames[1]]]
y <- data[[coordNames[2]]]
ind<-as.numeric(table(ID))
cumind<-c(0,cumsum(ind))
angle <- rep(0,length(x))
for(s in 1:length(ind)){
for(i in cumind[s]+2:ind[s]){
w <- c(x[i]-x[i-1],y[i]-y[i-1])
#b <- -(atan2(w[2],w[1])-pi/2) # bearing; 0 is north, pi/2 east
#b <- atan2(sin(b),cos(b)) # bearing on [-pi,pi)
b <- atan2(w[2],w[1]) # 0 is east, pi/2 north, -pi/2 south, pi west
angle[i] <- refAngle[i] - b
while(angle[i]<=(-pi)) angle[i] <- angle[i] + 2*pi
while(angle[i]>pi) angle[i] <- angle[i] -2*pi
}
}
class(angle) <- c(class(angle), "angle")
return(angle)
}
#refAngles<-function(x,y){
# angle<-atan2(y[1]-y[2],x[1]-x[2])
# while(angle<=(-pi)) angle <- angle + 2*pi
# while(angle>pi) angle <- angle -2*pi
# return(angle)
#}
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