election: German Parliament Election Data

Description Usage Format Details Source References Examples

Description

Data frame with number of citizens eligible to vote and results of the elections in 2002 and 2005 for the German Bundestag, the first chamber of the German parliament.

Usage

1

Format

A data frame with 299 observations (corresponding to constituencies) on the following 13 variables.

state

factor, the 16 German federal states

eligible_02

number of citizens eligible to vote in 2002

SPD_02

a numeric vector, percentage for the Social Democrats SPD in 2002

UNION_02

a numeric vector, percentage for the conservative Christian Democrats CDU/CSU in 2002

GREEN_02

a numeric vector, percentage for the Greens in 2002

FDP_02

a numeric vector, percentage for the Liberal Party FDP in 2002

LEFT_02

a numeric vector, percentage for the Left Party PDS in 2002

eligible_05

number of citizens eligible to vote in 2005

SPD_05

a numeric vector, percentage for the Social Democrats SPD in 2005

UNION_05

a numeric vector, percentage for the conservative Christian Democrats CDU/CSU in 2005

GREEN_05

a numeric vector, percentage for the Greens in 2005

FDP_05

a numeric vector, percentage for the Liberal Party FDP in 2005

LEFT_05

a numeric vector, percentage for the Left Party in 2005

Details

German Federal Elections

Half of the Members of the German Bundestag are elected directly from Germany's 299 constituencies, the other half one on the parties' land lists. Accordingly, each voter has two votes in the elections to the German Bundestag. The first vote, allowing voters to elect their local representatives to the Bundestag, decides which candidates are sent to Parliament from the constituencies. The second vote is cast for a party list. And it is this second vote that determines the relative strengths of the parties represented in the Bundestag. At least 598 Members of the German Bundestag are elected in this way. In addition to this, there are certain circumstances in which some candidates win what are known as 'overhang mandates' when the seats are being distributed.

The data set provides the percentage of second votes for each party, which determines the number of seats each party gets in parliament. These percentages are calculated by the number of votes for a party divided by number of valid votes.

Source

The data is provided by the R package flexclust.

References

Kauermann, Goeran/Kuechenhoff, Helmut (2010): Stichproben. Methoden und praktische Umsetzung mit R. Springer.

Homepage of the Bundestag: http://www.bundestag.de.

Friedrich Leisch. A Toolbox for K-Centroids Cluster Analysis. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 51 (2), 526-544, 2006.

Examples

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data(election)
summary(election)

# 1) Draw a simple sample of size n=20
n <- 20
set.seed(67396)
index <- sample(1:nrow(election), size=n)
sample1 <- election[index,]
Smean(sample1$SPD_02, N=nrow(election))
# true mean
mean(election$SPD_02)

# 2) Estimate sample size to forecast proportion of SPD in election of 2005
sample.size.prop(e=0.01, P=mean(election$SPD_02), N=Inf)

# 3) Usage of previous knowledge by model based estimation
# draw sample of size n = 20
N <- nrow(election)
set.seed(67396)
sample <- election[sort(sample(1:N, size=20)),]
# secondary information SPD in 2002
X.mean <- mean(election$SPD_02)
# forecast proportion of SPD in election of 2005
mbes(SPD_05 ~ SPD_02, data=sample, aux=X.mean, N=N, method='all')
# true value
Y.mean <- mean(election$SPD_05)
Y.mean
# Use a second predictor variable
X.mean2 <- c(mean(election$SPD_02),mean(election$GREEN_02))
# forecast proportion of SPD in election of 2005 with two predictors
mbes(SPD_05 ~ SPD_02+GREEN_02, data=sample, aux=X.mean2, N=N, method= 'regr')

Example output

Loading required package: pps
Loading required package: sampling
Loading required package: survey
Loading required package: grid
Loading required package: Matrix
Loading required package: survival

Attaching package:survivalThe following objects are masked frompackage:sampling:

    cluster, strata


Attaching package:surveyThe following object is masked frompackage:graphics:

    dotchart

                 state     eligible_02         SPD_02          UNION_02     
 Nordrhein-Westfalen:64   Min.   :152670   Min.   :0.1785   Min.   :0.1285  
 Bayern             :45   1st Qu.:190152   1st Qu.:0.3337   1st Qu.:0.3075  
 Baden-Wuerttemberg :37   Median :206148   Median :0.3845   Median :0.3628  
 Niedersachsen      :29   Mean   :205461   Mean   :0.3861   Mean   :0.3831  
 Hessen             :21   3rd Qu.:219907   3rd Qu.:0.4459   3rd Qu.:0.4342  
 Sachsen            :17   Max.   :249388   Max.   :0.6171   Max.   :0.7282  
 (Other)            :86                                                     
    GREEN_02           FDP_02           LEFT_02          eligible_05    
 Min.   :0.02251   Min.   :0.02489   Min.   :0.003352   Min.   :154154  
 1st Qu.:0.05734   1st Qu.:0.06001   1st Qu.:0.008415   1st Qu.:191819  
 Median :0.07638   Median :0.07428   Median :0.011201   Median :206345  
 Mean   :0.08484   Mean   :0.07342   Mean   :0.041898   Mean   :206924  
 3rd Qu.:0.10650   3rd Qu.:0.08601   3rd Qu.:0.019522   3rd Qu.:220944  
 Max.   :0.25029   Max.   :0.12420   Max.   :0.293128   Max.   :254100  
                                                                        
     SPD_05          UNION_05         GREEN_05           FDP_05       
 Min.   :0.1885   Min.   :0.1104   Min.   :0.02619   Min.   :0.04565  
 1st Qu.:0.2959   1st Qu.:0.2881   1st Qu.:0.05664   1st Qu.:0.08095  
 Median :0.3361   Median :0.3432   Median :0.07195   Median :0.09679  
 Mean   :0.3427   Mean   :0.3507   Mean   :0.08060   Mean   :0.09769  
 3rd Qu.:0.3883   3rd Qu.:0.4045   3rd Qu.:0.09818   3rd Qu.:0.11241  
 Max.   :0.5586   Max.   :0.6048   Max.   :0.22769   Max.   :0.16630  
                                                                      
    LEFT_05       
 Min.   :0.02275  
 1st Qu.:0.03866  
 Median :0.04888  
 Mean   :0.08870  
 3rd Qu.:0.07176  
 Max.   :0.35536  
                  

Smean object: Sample mean estimate
With finite population correction: N=299

Mean estimate: 0.3515
Standard error: 0.0165
95% confidence interval: [0.3192,0.3839]

[1] 0.3861344

sample.size.prop object: Sample size for proportion estimate
Without finite population correction: N=Inf, precision e=0.01 and expected proportion P=0.3861

Sample size needed: 9106


mbes object: Model Based Estimation of Population Mean
Population size N = 299, sample size n = 20

Values for auxiliary variable: 
X.mean.1 = 0.3861, x.mean.1 = 0.3515
----------------------------------------------------------------
Simple Estimate

Mean estimate:  0.3009 
Standard error:  0.0119 

95% confidence interval [0.2775,0.3242]

----------------------------------------------------------------
Difference Estimate

Mean estimate:  0.3355 
Standard error:  0.0088 

95% confidence interval [0.3183,0.3526]

----------------------------------------------------------------
Ratio Estimate

Mean estimate:  0.3305 
Standard error:  0.0072 

95% confidence interval [0.3163,0.3447]

----------------------------------------------------------------
Linear Regression Estimate

Mean estimate:  0.3223 
Standard error:  0.0063 

95% confidence interval [0.31,0.3346]

----------------------------------------------------------------
Linear Regression Model:
Call:
lm(formula = formula, data = data)

Residuals:
      Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
-0.054727 -0.022938 -0.003066  0.027230  0.037138 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)  0.08290    0.03137   2.643   0.0165 *  
SPD_02       0.62004    0.08729   7.103 1.28e-06 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 0.02908 on 18 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.737,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.7224 
F-statistic: 50.45 on 1 and 18 DF,  p-value: 1.277e-06

[1] 0.3426949

mbes object: Model Based Estimation of Population Mean
Population size N = 299, sample size n = 20

Values for auxiliary variable: 
X.mean.1 = 0.3861, x.mean.1 = 0.3515
X.mean.2 = 0.0848, x.mean.2 = 0.07
----------------------------------------------------------------
Linear Regression Estimate

Mean estimate:  0.3291 
Standard error:  0.0051 

95% confidence interval [0.3191,0.3391]

----------------------------------------------------------------
Linear Regression Model:
Call:
lm(formula = formula, data = data)

Residuals:
      Min        1Q    Median        3Q       Max 
-0.037753 -0.016922 -0.004229  0.016320  0.048000 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)  0.04326    0.02843   1.521  0.14652    
SPD_02       0.66001    0.07223   9.138 5.71e-08 ***
GREEN_02     0.36537    0.11489   3.180  0.00547 ** 
---
Signif. codes:  0***0.001**0.01*0.05.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 0.0237 on 17 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.8351,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.8157 
F-statistic: 43.06 on 2 and 17 DF,  p-value: 2.217e-07

samplingbook documentation built on April 3, 2021, 1:06 a.m.