obsweighted_rs: Realised observation-weighted score

In scoringfunctions: Loss Functions for Assessing Point Forecasts

Realised observation-weighted score

Description

The function obsweighted_rs computes the realised observation-weighted score when \textbf{\textit{y}} materialises and \textbf{\textit{x}} is the prediction.

Realised observation-weighted score is a realised score corresponding to the observation-weighted scoring function obsweighted_sf.

Usage

obsweighted_rs(x, y)

Arguments

x	Prediction. It can be a vector of length n (must have the same length as \textbf{\textit{y}}).
y	Realisation (true value) of process. It can be a vector of length n (must have the same length as \textbf{\textit{x}}).

Details

The realised observation-weighted score is defined by:

S(\textbf{\textit{x}}, \textbf{\textit{y}}) := (1/n) \sum_{i = 1}^{n} L(x_i, y_i)

where

\textbf{\textit{x}} = (x_1, ..., x_n)^\mathsf{T}

\textbf{\textit{y}} = (y_1, ..., y_n)^\mathsf{T}

and

L(x, y) := y (x - y)^{2}

Domain of function:

\textbf{\textit{x}} > \textbf{0}

\textbf{\textit{y}} > \textbf{0}

where

\textbf{0} = (0, ..., 0)^\mathsf{T}

is the zero vector of length n and the symbol > indicates pairwise inequality.

Range of function:

S(\textbf{\textit{x}}, \textbf{\textit{y}}) \geq 0, \forall \textbf{\textit{x}}, \textbf{\textit{y}} > \textbf{0}

Value

Value of the realised observation-weighted score.

Note

For details on the observation-weighted scoring function, see obsweighted_sf.

The concept of realised (average) scores is defined by Gneiting (2011) and Fissler and Ziegel (2019).

The realised observation-weighted score is the realised (average) score corresponding to the observation-weighted scoring function.

References

Fissler T, Ziegel JF (2019) Order-sensitivity and equivariance of scoring functions. Electronic Journal of Statistics 13(1):1166–1211. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1214/19-EJS1552")}.

Gneiting T (2011) Making and evaluating point forecasts. Journal of the American Statistical Association 106(494):746–762. \Sexpr[results=rd]{tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1198/jasa.2011.r10138")}.

See Also

obsweighted_sf

Examples

# Compute the realised observation-weighted score.

set.seed(12345)

x <- 0.5

y <- rlnorm(n = 100, meanlog = 0, sdlog = 1)

print(obsweighted_rs(x = x, y = y))

print(obsweighted_rs(x = rep(x = x, times = 100), y = y))

scoringfunctions documentation built on Aug. 30, 2026, 5:07 p.m.