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#' A sequence connecting two points in a simplex
#'
#' @details
#' The sequence is evenly spaced and corresponds to a straight line in the simplex geometry.
#' If no end point is provided the line will connect the initial point with the first summit of the simplex.
#' Since exact zeros are not handled by the ilr they are replaced by a small constant.
#'
#' @param comp_from A numeric vector, representing the initial compositions
#' @param comp_to A numeric vector, representing the final compositions.
#' @param n_steps An integer, indicating the number of steps used to go from comp_from to comp_to
#' @param add_opposite A logical, if `TRUE` the path in the opposite direction is added
#'
#' @importFrom compositions ilr ilrInv
#' @importFrom methods is as
#' @return A data.frame frame where each row corresponds to one compositional vector
#' @seealso simplex_increment
#' @export
#'
#' @author Lukas Dargel
#' @examples
#'
#' # path to the first summit of the simplex
#' start_comp <- c(A =.4,B = .35, C= .25)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_seq(start_comp))
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_seq(start_comp, add_opposite = TRUE))
#'
#' # path to an edge of the simplex
#' end_comp <- c(0,.8,.2)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_seq(start_comp, end_comp))
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_seq(start_comp, end_comp,add_opposite = TRUE))
CoDa_seq <- function(
comp_from,
comp_to,
n_steps = 100,
add_opposite = FALSE) {
if (missing(comp_to)){
comp_to <- comp_from * 1e-10
comp_to[1] <- 1
}
n_steps <- round(n_steps)
stopifnot(
length(comp_from) >= 2,
length(comp_from) == length(comp_to),
is.null(names(comp_to)) || identical(names(comp_to), names(comp_from)),
n_steps >= 1,
is.logical(add_opposite),
is.numeric(comp_from),
is.numeric(comp_to))
check <- " must be a single compostional vector!"
if (isTRUE(nrow(comp_from) > 1)) stop("comp_from", check)
if (isTRUE(nrow(comp_to) > 1)) stop("comp_to", check)
comp_from <- as(comp_from, "vector")
comp_to <- as(comp_to, "vector")
# save total and replace zeros
Tstart <- sum(comp_from)
zero_values_present <- any(comp_from == 0, comp_to == 0)
if (zero_values_present) {
epsilon <- 1e-10
warn <- "Zero values in `comp_from` or `comp_to` are not permitted and were replaced by %s!'"
warning(sprintf(warn, epsilon))
comp_from[comp_from == 0] <- epsilon
comp_from <- comp_from/sum(comp_from)
comp_to[comp_to == 0] <- comp_from[comp_to == 0] * epsilon
comp_to[comp_to == 0] <- min(comp_to) * epsilon
comp_to <- comp_to/sum(comp_to)
}
ilr_start <- ilr(comp_from)
ilr_end <- ilr(comp_to)
ilr_dir <- ilr_end - ilr_start
steps <- c(seq(0,1,length.out = n_steps + 1))
ilr_path <- lapply(steps, function(s) ilr_start + s * ilr_dir)
ilr_path <- do.call("rbind", ilr_path)
result <- rbind(ilrInv(ilr_path))
if (add_opposite) {
steps <- rev(steps[-1])
ilr_path <- lapply(steps, function(s) ilr_start - s * ilr_dir)
ilr_path <- do.call("rbind", ilr_path)
result <- rbind(ilrInv(ilr_path), result)
}
row.names(result) <- seq(-n_steps * add_opposite, n_steps)
if (!is.null(names(comp_from)))
colnames(result) <- names(comp_from)
result <- as.data.frame(result * Tstart)
Anorm_dir <- sqrt(sum(ilr_dir^2))
attr(result, "step_size") <- Anorm_dir/n_steps
attr(result, "direction") <- ilrInv(ilr_dir/Anorm_dir)
return(result)
}
#' Create a linear path in the simplex by defining a direction and a step size
#'
#' @details
#' The function is very similar to [CoDa_seq()].
#' However, of drawing a line between a starting and end point it uses only a starting point and a direction.
#'
#' @param comp_direc A numeric vector, defining a direction in the simplex
#' @param comp_from A numeric vector, an initial point in the simplex - defaults to a balanced composition, which represents the origin in the simplex
#' @param step_size A numeric, indicting the step size
#' @param n_steps A numeric, indicating the number of steps to be taking from `comp_from`
#' @param add_opposite A logical, if `TRUE` steps in the opposite direction are also computed
#' @param dir_from_start A logical, if `TRUE` the direction is calculated from the difference between `comp_from` and `comp_direc`
#'
#' @return A data.frame frame where each row corresponds to one compositional vector
#' @importFrom compositions ilr
#' @seealso CoDa_seq
#' @export
#'
#' @author Lukas Dargel
#' @examples
#'
#' # three steps that go from the origin towards the defined direction
#' comp_direc <- c(A =.4,B = .35, C= .25)
#' CoDa_path(comp_direc, n_steps = 3)
#'
#'
#' # we can draw the path that is defined by this direction
#' comp_direc <- c(A =.4,B = .35, C= .25)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_path(comp_direc,n_steps = 10))
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_path(comp_direc,n_steps = 100))
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_path(comp_direc,add_opposite = TRUE))
#'
#'
#' # using the same direction we can draw a new path that does not go through the origin
#' comp_direc <- c(A =.4,B = .35, C= .25)
#' comp_from <- c(.7,.2,.1)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_path(comp_direc, comp_from,n_steps = 10))
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_path(comp_direc, comp_from,n_steps = 100))
#' compositions::plot.acomp(CoDa_path(comp_direc, comp_from,add_opposite = TRUE))
#'
#'
#' # the balanced composition does not define a direction by itself
#' comp_origin <- c(A = 1/3, B = 1/3, C= 1/3) # corresponds to a zero vector in real space
#' try(CoDa_path(comp_origin, comp_from,add_opposite = TRUE))
#'
#' # with the dir_from_start option the direction is derived
#' # from the simplex line connecting two compositions
#' path_origin <- CoDa_path(
#' comp_direc = comp_origin,
#' comp_from = comp_from,
#' add_opposite = TRUE,
#' dir_from_start = TRUE,
#' step_size = .1)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(path_origin)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(comp_origin, add = TRUE, col = "blue", pch = 19)
#' compositions::plot.acomp(comp_from, add = TRUE, col = "red", pch = 19)
#'
CoDa_path <- function(
comp_direc,
comp_from,
step_size = 0.01,
n_steps = 100,
add_opposite = FALSE,
dir_from_start = FALSE) {
D <- length(comp_direc)
if (missing(comp_from))
comp_from <- comp_direc * 0 + 1/D
n_steps <- round(n_steps)
stopifnot(
all(comp_direc >= 0, comp_from >= 0),
length(comp_direc) >= 2,
length(comp_from) == length(comp_direc),
is.numeric(step_size) & length(step_size) == 1,
isTRUE(n_steps >= 1))
if (isTRUE(nrow(comp_from) > 1)) stop("comp_from must be a single compostional vector!")
if (isTRUE(nrow(comp_direc) > 1)) stop("comp_direc must be a single compostional vector!")
if (is.matrix(comp_from)) comp_from <- comp_from[1,]
if (is.matrix(comp_direc)) comp_direc <- comp_direc[1,]
if (is.null(names(comp_from)))
names(comp_from) <- names(comp_direc)
zero_values_present <- any(comp_from == 0, comp_direc == 0)
if (zero_values_present) {
epsilon <- 1e-10
warn <- "Zero values in `comp_from` or `comp_direc` are not permitted and were replaced by %s!'"
warning(sprintf(warn, epsilon))
comp_from[comp_from == 0] <- epsilon
comp_from <- comp_from/sum(comp_from)
comp_direc[comp_direc == 0] <- comp_from[comp_direc == 0] * epsilon
comp_direc[comp_direc == 0] <- min(comp_direc) * epsilon
comp_direc <- comp_direc/sum(comp_direc)
}
ilr_start <- ilr(comp_from)
ilr_direc <- ilr(comp_direc) - if (dir_from_start) ilr_start else 0
ilr_direc <- ilr_direc/sqrt(sum(ilr_direc^2))
if (any(!is.finite(ilr_direc))) stop("The simplex direction is invalid!")
# calculate the end point and use CoDa_seq
ilr_end <- ilr_start + ilr_direc * n_steps * step_size
comp_to <- ilrInv(ilr_end)
result <- CoDa_seq(comp_from, comp_to, n_steps, add_opposite)
return(result)
}
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