MAD | R Documentation |
Compute the median absolute deviation, i.e., the (lo-/hi-) median of
the absolute deviations from the median, and (by default) adjust by a
factor for asymptotically normal consistency. This function wraps the specific base R function mad
and extends it for the use of weights.
MAD(x, weights = NULL, center = Median, constant = 1.4826,
na.rm = FALSE, low = FALSE, high = FALSE)
x |
a numeric vector. |
weights |
a numerical vector of weights the same length as |
center |
the centre given either as numeric value or as a function to be applied to |
constant |
scale factor (default is |
na.rm |
if |
low |
if |
high |
if |
The actual value calculated is constant * cMedian(abs(x - center))
with the default value of center
being median(x)
, and
cMedian
being the usual, the ‘low’ or ‘high’ median, see
the arguments description for low
and high
above.
The default constant = 1.4826
(approximately
1/\Phi^{-1}(\frac 3 4)
= 1/qnorm(3/4)
)
ensures consistency, i.e.,
E[mad(X_1,\dots,X_n)] = \sigma
for X_i
distributed as N(\mu, \sigma^2)
and large n
.
If na.rm
is TRUE
then NA
values are stripped from x
before computation takes place.
If this is not done then an NA
value in
x
will cause MAD
to return NA
.
IQR
which is simpler but less robust, IQRw
for weights,
mad
, median
, var
, MADCI
(confidence intervals).
MAD(c(1:9))
print(MAD(c(1:9), constant = 1)) ==
MAD(c(1:8, 100), constant = 1) # = 2 ; TRUE
x <- c(1,2,3,5,7,8)
sort(abs(x - median(x)))
c(MAD(x, constant = 1),
MAD(x, constant = 1, low = TRUE),
MAD(x, constant = 1, high = TRUE))
# use weights
x <- sample(20, 30, replace = TRUE)
z <- as.numeric(names(w <- table(x)))
(m1 <- MAD(z, weights=w))
(m2 <- MAD(x))
stopifnot(identical(m1, m2))
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