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#' Sample Irregular Functional Data
#' @param mu function, scalar or a vector defining the mean function; default value: \code{0}.
#' @param X centered stochastic process defined by a function of the form
#' \code{X(tObs,n)} and returning \code{n*length(tObs)} matrix, where each row represents observations from a trajectory. Default value: \code{wiener.process()}.
#' @param n sample size; default value: \code{100}.
#' @param m a vector of sampling rate or scalar of average sampling rate or a function of the form \code{f(n)} generating \code{n} positive integers; default value: \code{5}.
#' @param sig standard deviation of measurement errors; if \code{NULL} then determined by \code{snr}.
#' @param snr signal to noise ratio to determine \code{sig}; default value: \code{5}.
#' @param domain the domain; default value: \code{c(0,1)}.
#' @param delta the proportion of the domain to be observed for each trajectory; default value: \code{1}.
#' @details The number of observation for each trajectory is randomly generated by \code{rpois(m)+1}. For each trajectory, the reference time \code{Oi} is uniformly sampled from the interval \code{[domain[1]+delta*L/2,domain[2]-delta*L/2]}, where \code{L} is the length of \code{domain}, and the design points for the trajectory is uniformly sampled from the interval \code{[Oi-delta*L/2,Oi+delta*L/2]}.
#' @return a list with the following members
#' \describe{
#' \item{\code{t}}{list of design points sorted in increasing order for each trajectory.}
#' \item{\code{y}}{list of vectors of observations for each trajectory.}
#' }
#' and with attributes \code{sig}, \code{snr}, \code{domain}, \code{delta} and
#' \describe{
#' \item{y0}{\code{n*m} matrix of observations without measurement errors.}
#' }
#'
#' @references
#' \insertRef{Lin2020}{synfd}
#'
#' @examples
#' # Gaussian trajectories with constant mean function 1
#' Y <- irreg.fd(mu=1, X=gaussian.process(), n=10, m=5)
#'
#' # trajectories froma a process defined via K-L representation
#' Y <- irreg.fd(mu=cos, X=kl.process(eigen.functions='FOURIER',distribution='LAPLACE'),n=10, m=5)
#'
#' # trajectories with specified individual sampling rate
#' Y <- irreg.fd(mu=1, X=gaussian.process(cov=matern), n=10, m=rpois(10,3)+2)
#' @export
irreg.fd <- function(mu=0, X=wiener.process(), n=100, m=5,
sig=NULL, snr=5, domain=c(0,1),
delta = 1)
{
Lt <- list()
Ly <- list()
if(is.vector(m))
{
if(length(m) > 1)
mi <- m
else
mi <- 1 + rpois(n,m)
}
else if(is.function(m))
{
mi <- m(n)
}
L <- domain[2]-domain[1]
O <- runif(n,min=domain[1],max=domain[2]-delta*L)
Lt <- sapply(1:n,function(i){
s <- O[i]
sort(runif(mi[i], min=s, max=s+delta*L))
})
# now construct Ly based on Lt
Ly0 <- lapply(Lt, function(tobs){
if (is.function(mu)) mui <- mu(tobs)
else if(length(mu)==1) mui <- rep(mu,length(tobs))
else stop('mu must be a scalar or a function.')
y0 <- mui + X(tobs,1)
return(y0)
})
if(!is.null(snr))
{
if(!is.infinite(snr))
{
# roughly estimate the expectation of the L2 norm of X
EX2 <- mean(apply(X(seq(domain[1],domain[2],length.out=100),100)^2,
1,sum)*L/100
)
sig <- sqrt(EX2/snr)
}
else sig <- 0
}
if(sig != 0)
{
Ly <- lapply(Ly0,function(y){
y + rnorm(n=length(y),sd=sig)
})
}
else Ly <- Ly0
R <- list(t=Lt,y=Ly)
attr(R,'sig') <- sig
attr(R,'snr') <- snr
attr(R,'y0') <- Ly0
attr(R,'domain') <- domain
attr(R,'delta') <- delta
attr(R,'class') <- 'sparse.fd'
return(R)
}
#' Plot Irregular Functional Data
#' @param x the object generated by \code{\link{irreg.fd}}.
#' @param ... other parameters passed to \code{plot} and \code{lines}.
#' @importFrom graphics lines plot
#' @return a plot of the dataset \code{x}.
#' @export
plot.sparse.fd <- function(x,...)
{
plot(x$t[[1]],x$y[[1]],...)
if(length(x$t) > 1)
{
for(i in 2:length(x$t))
{
lines(x$t[[1]],x$y[[1]],...)
}
}
}
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