jzs_partcorSD <-
function(V1,V2,control,
SDmethod=c("dnorm","splinefun","logspline","fit.st"),
alternative=c("two.sided","less","greater"),
n.iter=10000,n.burnin=500,
standardize=TRUE){
runif(1) # defines .Random.seed
if(standardize==TRUE){
M <- (V1-mean(V1))/sd(V1)
Y <- (V2-mean(V2))/sd(V2)
X <- (control-mean(control))/sd(control)
} else {
M <- V1
Y <- V2
X <- control
}
n <- length(V1)
#==========================================================
# load JAGS models
#==========================================================
jagsmodelpartialcorrelation <-
"####### Cauchy-prior on beta and tau' #######
model
{
for (i in 1:n)
{
mu[i] <- intercept + theta[1]*x[i,1] + theta[2]*x[i,2]
y[i] ~ dnorm(mu[i],phi)
}
# uninformative prior on intercept alpha,
# Jeffreys' prior on precision phi
intercept ~ dnorm(0,.0001)
phi ~ dgamma(.0001,.0001)
#phi ~ dgamma(0.0000001,0.0000001) #JAGS accepts even this
#phi ~ dgamma(0.01,0.01) #WinBUGS wants this
# inverse-gamma prior on g:
g <- 1/invg
a.gamma <- 1/2
b.gamma <- n/2
invg ~ dgamma(a.gamma,b.gamma)
# Ntzoufras, I. (2009). Bayesian Modeling Using WinBUGS.
# New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 167
# calculation of the inverse matrix of V
inverse.V <- inverse(V)
# calculation of the elements of prior precision matrix
for(i in 1:2)
{
for (j in 1:2)
{
prior.T[i,j] <- inverse.V[i,j] * phi/g
}
}
# multivariate prior for the beta vector
theta[1:2] ~ dmnorm( mu.theta, prior.T )
for(i in 1:2) { mu.theta[i] <- 0 }
}
# Explanation-----------------------------------------------------------------
# Prior on g:
# We know that g ~ inverse_gamma(1/2, n/2), with 1/2 the shape parameter and
# n/2 the scale parameter.
# It follows that 1/g ~ gamma(1/2, 2/n).
# However, BUGS/JAGS uses the *rate parameterization* 1/theta instead of the
# scale parametrization theta. Hence we obtain, in de BUGS/JAGS rate notation:
# 1/g ~ dgamma(1/2, n/2)
# Also note: JAGS does not want [,] structure
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
"
jags.model.file2 <- tempfile(fileext=".txt")
write(jagsmodelpartialcorrelation,jags.model.file2)
#==========================================================
# BF FOR PARTIAL CORRELATION (MY|X)
#==========================================================
x <- cbind(X,M)
y <- Y
V <- solve(t(x)%*%x) #NB I switched to the notation from Ntzoufras, p. 167
jags.data <- list("n", "x", "y", "V")
jags.params <- c("theta")
jags.inits <- list(
list(theta = c(0.0,0.3)), #chain 1 starting value
list(theta = c(0.3, 0.0)), #chain 2 starting value
list(theta = c(-.15,.15))) #chain 3 starting value
jagssamples <- jags(data=jags.data, inits=jags.inits, jags.params,
n.chains=3, n.iter=n.iter, DIC=T,
n.burnin=n.burnin, n.thin=1, model.file=jags.model.file2)
beta <- jagssamples$BUGSoutput$sims.list$theta[,2]
#------------------------------------------------------------------
if(SDmethod[1]=="fit.st"){
mydt <- function(x, m, s, df) dt((x-m)/s, df)/s
bar <- try({
fit.t <- QRM::fit.st(beta)
nu <- as.numeric(fit.t$par.ests[1]) #degrees of freedom
mu <- as.numeric(fit.t$par.ests[2])
sigma <- abs(as.numeric(fit.t$par.ests[3])) # This is a hack -- with high n occasionally
# sigma switches sign.
})
if(!("try-error"%in%class(bar))){
# BAYES FACTOR BETA
BF <- 1/(mydt(0,mu,sigma,nu)/dcauchy(0))
} else {
warning("fit.st did not converge, alternative optimization method was used.","\n")
mydt2 <- function(pars){
m <- pars[1]
s <- abs(pars[2]) # no negative standard deviation
df <- abs(pars[3]) # no negative degrees of freedom
-2*sum(dt((beta-m)/s, df,log=TRUE)-log(s))
}
res <- optim(c(mean(beta),sd(beta),20),mydt2)$par
m <- res[1]
s <- res[2]
df <- res[3]
# ALTERNATIVE BAYES FACTOR PARTIAL CORRELATION
BF <- 1/(mydt2(0,m,s,df)/dcauchy(0))
}
#-------------------------
} else if(SDmethod[1]=="dnorm"){
BF <- 1/(dnorm(0,mean(beta),sd(beta))/dcauchy(0))
#-------------------------
} else if(SDmethod[1]=="splinefun"){
f <- splinefun(density(beta))
BF <- 1/(f(0)/dcauchy(0))
#-------------------------
} else if (SDmethod[1]=="logspline"){
fit.posterior <- polspline::logspline(beta)
posterior.pp <- polspline::dlogspline(0, fit.posterior) # this gives the pdf at point b2 = 0
prior.pp <- dcauchy(0) # height of prior at b2 = 0
BF <- prior.pp/posterior.pp
}
#-------------------------------------------------------
# one-sided test?
# save BF for one-tailed test
# BF21 = 2*{proportion posterior samples of beta < 0}
propposterior_less <- sum(beta<0)/length(beta)
propposterior_greater <- sum(beta>0)/length(beta)
# posterior proportion cannot be zero, because this renders a BF of zero
# none of the samples of the parameter follow the restriction
# ergo: the posterior proportion is smaller than 1/length(parameter)
if(propposterior_less==0){
propposterior_less <- 1/length(beta)
}
if(propposterior_greater==0){
propposterior_greater <- 1/length(beta)
}
BF21_less <- 2*propposterior_less
BF21_greater <- 2*propposterior_greater
if(alternative[1]=="less"){
# BF10 = p(D|b~cauchy(0,1))/p(D|b=0)
BF10 <- BF
# BF21 = p(D|b~cauchy-(0,1))/p(D|b~cauchy(0,1))
# BF21 = 2*{proportion posterior samples of beta < 0}
BF21 <- BF21_less
BF <- BF10*BF21
} else if(alternative[1]=="greater"){
# BF10 = p(D|b~cauchy(0,1))/p(D|b=0)
BF10 <- BF
# BF21 = p(D|b~cauchy+(0,1))/p(D|b~cauchy(0,1))
# BF21 = 2*{proportion posterior samples of beta > 0}
BF21 <- BF21_greater
BF <- BF10*BF21
}
#---------------------------------------------------
# convert BFs to posterior probability
# prob cannot be exactly 1 or 0
prob_b <- BF/(BF+1)
if(prob_b == 1){
prob_b <- prob_b - .Machine$double.eps
}
if(prob_b == 0){
prob_b <- prob_b + .Machine$double.eps
}
#====================================================
res <- list(PartCoef=mean(beta),
BayesFactor=BF,
PosteriorProbability=prob_b,
beta_samples=beta,
jagssamples=jagssamples)
class(res) <- c("jzs_med","list")
class(res$jagssamples) <- "rjags"
class(res$beta_samples) <- "CI"
return(res)
}
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