Nothing
R/plot.common.R
In igraph: Network Analysis and Visualization
Defines functions
i.rescale.vertex
curve_multiple
i.postprocess.layout
igraph.check.shapes
i.get.xlab
i.get.main
i.get.arrow.mode
i.get.labels
i.get.edge.labels
i.parse.plot.params
autocurve.edges
Documented in
autocurve.edges
curve_multiple
#' Drawing graphs
#'
#' The common bits of the three plotting functions `plot.igraph`,
#' `tkplot` and `rglplot` are discussed in this manual page.
#'
#' There are currently three different functions in the igraph package which
#' can draw graph in various ways:
#'
#' `plot.igraph` does simple non-interactive 2D plotting to R devices.
#' Actually it is an implementation of the [graphics::plot()] generic
#' function, so you can write `plot(graph)` instead of
#' `plot.igraph(graph)`. As it used the standard R devices it supports
#' every output format for which R has an output device. The list is quite
#' impressing: PostScript, PDF files, XFig files, SVG files, JPG, PNG and of
#' course you can plot to the screen as well using the default devices, or the
#' good-looking anti-aliased Cairo device. See [plot.igraph()] for
#' some more information.
#'
#' [tkplot()] does interactive 2D plotting using the `tcltk`
#' package. It can only handle graphs of moderate size, a thousand vertices is
#' probably already too many. Some parameters of the plotted graph can be
#' changed interactively after issuing the `tkplot` command: the position,
#' color and size of the vertices and the color and width of the edges. See
#' [tkplot()] for details.
#'
#' [rglplot()] is an experimental function to draw graphs in 3D using
#' OpenGL. See [rglplot()] for some more information.
#'
#' Please also check the examples below.
#'
#' @aliases igraph.plotting
#' @section How to specify graphical parameters: There are three ways to give
#' values to the parameters described below, in section 'Parameters'. We give
#' these three ways here in the order of their precedence.
#'
#' The first method is to supply named arguments to the plotting commands:
#' [plot.igraph()], [tkplot()] or rglplot()].
#' Parameters for vertices start with prefix \sQuote{\code{vertex.}},
#' parameters for edges have prefix \sQuote{\code{edge.}}, and global
#' parameters have no prefix. Eg. the color of the vertices can be given via
#' argument `vertex.color`, whereas `edge.color` sets the color of
#' the edges. `layout` gives the layout of the graphs.
#'
#' The second way is to assign vertex, edge and graph attributes to the graph.
#' These attributes have no prefix, ie. the color of the vertices is taken from
#' the `color` vertex attribute and the color of the edges from the
#' `color` edge attribute. The layout of the graph is given by the
#' `layout` graph attribute. (Always assuming that the corresponding
#' command argument is not present.) Setting vertex and edge attributes are
#' handy if you want to assign a given \sQuote{look} to a graph, attributes are
#' saved with the graph is you save it with [base::save()] or in
#' GraphML format with [write_graph()], so the graph will have the
#' same look after loading it again.
#'
#' If a parameter is not given in the command line, and the corresponding
#' vertex/edge/graph attribute is also missing then the general igraph
#' parameters handled by [igraph_options()] are also checked. Vertex
#' parameters have prefix \sQuote{\code{vertex.}}, edge parameters are prefixed
#' with \sQuote{\code{edge.}}, general parameters like `layout` are
#' prefixed with \sQuote{\code{plot}}. These parameters are useful if you want
#' all or most of your graphs to have the same look, vertex size, vertex color,
#' etc. Then you don't need to set these at every plotting, and you also don't
#' need to assign vertex/edge attributes to every graph.
#'
#' If the value of a parameter is not specified by any of the three ways
#' described here, its default valued is used, as given in the source code.
#'
#' Different parameters can have different type, eg. vertex colors can be given
#' as a character vector with color names, or as an integer vector with the
#' color numbers from the current palette. Different types are valid for
#' different parameters, this is discussed in detail in the next section. It is
#' however always true that the parameter can always be a function object in
#' which it will be called with the graph as its single argument to get the
#' \dQuote{proper} value of the parameter. (If the function returns another
#' function object that will *not* be called again\dots)
#' @section The list of parameters: Vertex parameters first, note that the
#' \sQuote{\code{vertex.}} prefix needs to be added if they are used as an
#' argument or when setting via [igraph_options()]. The value of the
#' parameter may be scalar valid for every vertex or a vector with a separate
#' value for each vertex. (Shorter vectors are recycled.)
#' \describe{
#' \item{size}{
#' The size of the vertex, a numeric scalar or vector,
#' in the latter case each vertex sizes may differ.
#' This vertex sizes are scaled in order have about the same size of vertices
#' for a given value for all three plotting commands.
#' It does not need to be an integer number. The default value is 15.
#' This is big enough to place short labels on vertices.
#' If `size.scaling` is `TRUE`, `relative.size` is used to scale the size appropriately.
#' }
#' \item{size2}{
#' The \dQuote{other} size of the vertex, for some vertex shapes.
#' For the various rectangle shapes this gives the height of the vertices,
#' whereas `size` gives the width.
#' It is ignored by shapes for which the size can be specified with a single number.
#'
#' The default is 15.
#' }
#' \item{color}{
#' The fill color of the vertex. If it is
#' numeric then the current palette is used, see
#' [grDevices::palette()]. If it is a character vector then it may
#' either contain integer values, named colors or RGB specified colors with
#' three or four bytes. All strings starting with \sQuote{\code{#}} are assumed
#' to be RGB color specifications. It is possible to mix named color and RGB
#' colors. Note that [tkplot()] ignores the fourth byte (alpha
#' channel) in the RGB color specification.
#'
#' For `plot.igraph` and integer values, the default igraph palette is
#' used (see the \sQuote{palette} parameter below. Note that this is different
#' from the R palette.
#'
#' If you don't want (some) vertices to have any color, supply `NA` as the
#' color name.
#'
#' The default value is \dQuote{\code{SkyBlue2}}.
#' }
#' \item{frame.color}{
#' The color of the frame of the vertices, the same formats are allowed as for the fill color.
#'
#' If you don't want vertices to have a frame, supply `NA` as the color name.
#'
#' By default it is \dQuote{black}.
#' }
#' \item{frame.width}{
#' The width of the frame of the vertices. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{shape}{
#' The shape of the vertex, currently \dQuote{\code{circle}},
#' \dQuote{\code{square}}, \dQuote{\code{csquare}}, \dQuote{\code{rectangle}},
#' \dQuote{\code{crectangle}}, \dQuote{\code{vrectangle}}, \dQuote{\code{pie}}
#' (see [vertex.shape.pie()]), \sQuote{\code{sphere}}, and
#' \dQuote{\code{none}} are supported, and only by the
#' [plot.igraph()] command. \dQuote{\code{none}} does not draw the
#' vertices at all, although vertex label are plotted (if given). See
#' [shapes()] for details about vertex shapes and
#' [vertex.shape.pie()] for using pie charts as vertices.
#'
#' The \dQuote{\code{sphere}} vertex shape plots vertices as 3D ray-traced
#' spheres, in the given color and size. This produces a raster image and it is
#' only supported with some graphics devices. On some devices raster
#' transparency is not supported and the spheres do not have a transparent
#' background. See [dev.capabilities] and the
#' \sQuote{\code{rasterImage}} capability to check that your device is
#' supported.
#'
#' By default vertices are drawn as circles.
#' }
#' \item{label}{
#' The vertex labels. They will be converted to character.
#' Specify `NA` to omit vertex labels. The default vertex labels are the vertex ids.
#' }
#' \item{label.family}{
#' The
#' font family to be used for vertex labels. As different plotting commands
#' can used different fonts, they interpret this parameter different ways. The
#' basic notation is, however, understood by both [plot.igraph()] and
#' [tkplot()]. [rglplot()] does not support fonts at all
#' right now, it ignores this parameter completely.
#'
#' For [plot.igraph()] this parameter is simply passed to
#' [graphics::text()] as argument `family`.
#'
#' For [tkplot()] some conversion is performed. If this parameter is
#' the name of an existing Tk font, then that font is used and the
#' `label.font` and `label.cex` parameters are ignored completely. If
#' it is one of the base families (serif, sans, mono) then Times, Helvetica or
#' Courier fonts are used, there are guaranteed to exist on all systems. For
#' the \sQuote{symbol} base family we used the symbol font is available,
#' otherwise the first font which has \sQuote{symbol} in its name. If the
#' parameter is not a name of the base families and it is also not a named Tk
#' font then we pass it to [tcltk::tkfont.create()] and hope the user
#' knows what she is doing. The `label.font` and `label.cex`
#' parameters are also passed to [tcltk::tkfont.create()] in this
#' case.
#'
#' The default value is \sQuote{serif}.
#' }
#' \item{label.font}{
#' The font within the font family to use for the vertex labels.
#' It is interpreted the same way as the the `font` graphical parameter:
#' 1 is plain text, 2 is bold face, 3 is italic, 4 is bold and italic and 5 specifies the symbol font.
#'
#' For [plot.igraph()] this parameter is simply passed to [graphics::text()].
#'
#' For [tkplot()], if the `label.family` parameter is not the name of a Tk font
#' then this parameter is used to set whether the newly created font should be italic and/or boldface.
#' Otherwise it is ignored.
#'
#' For [rglplot()] it is ignored.
#'
#' The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{label.cex}{
#' The font size for vertex labels.
#' It is interpreted as a multiplication factor of some device-dependent base font size.
#'
#' For [plot.igraph()] it is simply passed to [graphics::text()] as argument `cex`.
#'
#' For [tkplot()] it is multiplied by 12 and then used as the `size` argument for [tcltk::tkfont.create()].
#' The base font is thus 12 for tkplot.
#'
#' For [rglplot()] it is ignored.
#'
#' The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{label.dist}{
#' The distance of the label from the center of the vertex.
#' If it is 0 then the label is centered on the vertex.
#' If it is 1 then the label is displayed beside the vertex.
#'
#' The default value is 0.
#' }
#' \item{label.degree}{
#' It defines the position of the vertex labels, relative to the center of the vertices.
#' It is interpreted as an angle in radians,
#' zero means \sQuote{to the right}, and \sQuote{\code{pi}} means to the left,
#' up is `-pi/2` and down is `pi/2`.
#'
#' The default value is `-pi/4`.
#' }
#' \item{label.color}{
#' The color of the labels, see the `color` vertex parameter
#' discussed earlier for the possible values.
#'
#' The default value is `black`.
#' }
#' \item{label.angle}{
#' The rotation of the vertex labels, in degrees. Corresponds to the `srt` parameter of [graphics::text()].
#' }
#' \item{label.adj}{
#' one or two numeric values, giving the horizontal and vertical adjustment of the vertex labels. See also `adj` in [graphics::text()].
#' }
#' \item{size.scaling}{
#' Switches between absolute vertex sizing (FALSE,default) and relative (TRUE).
#' If FALSE, `vertex.size` and `vertex.size2` are used as is.
#' If TRUE, `relative.size` is used to scale both appropriately with `relative.size`.
#' }
#' \item{relative.size}{
#' The relative size of the smallest and largest vertices as percentage of
#' the plotting region. When all vertices have the same size, then by default
#' the relative size observed in the plot will be equal to
#' \code{relative.size[2]}.
#' The default value is \code{c(.01,.025)} (1\% and 2.5\% respectively).
#'
#' Only used if `size.scaling` is TRUE`.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' Edge parameters require to add the \sQuote{\code{edge.}} prefix when used as
#' arguments or set by [igraph_options()]. The edge parameters:
#' \describe{
#' \item{color}{
#' The color of the edges, see the `color` vertex parameter for the possible values.
#' By default this parameter is `darkgrey`.
#' }
#' \item{width}{
#' The width of the edges. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{arrow.size}{
#' The size of the arrows. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{arrow.width}{
#' The width of the arrows. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{lty}{
#' The line type for the edges. Almost the
#' same format is accepted as for the standard graphics
#' [graphics::par()], 0 and \dQuote{blank} mean no edges, 1 and
#' \dQuote{solid} are for solid lines, the other possible values are: 2
#' (\dQuote{dashed}), 3 (\dQuote{dotted}), 4 (\dQuote{dotdash}), 5
#' (\dQuote{longdash}), 6 (\dQuote{twodash}).
#'
#' [tkplot()] also accepts standard Tk line type strings, it does not
#' however support \dQuote{blank} lines, instead of type \sQuote{0} type
#' \sQuote{1}, ie. solid lines will be drawn.
#'
#' This argument is ignored for [rglplot()].
#'
#' The default value is type 1, a solid line.
#' }
#' \item{label}{
#' The edge labels.
#' They will be converted to character. Specify `NA` to omit edge labels.
#'
#' Edge labels are omitted by default.
#' }
#' \item{label.family}{
#' Font family of the edge labels. See the vertex parameter with the same name for the details.
#' }
#' \item{label.font}{
#' The font for the edge labels. See the corresponding vertex parameter discussed earlier for details.
#' }
#' \item{label.cex}{
#' The font size for the edge labels, see the corresponding vertex parameter for details.
#' }
#' \item{label.color}{
#' The color of the edge labels, see the `color` vertex parameters on how to specify colors.
#' }
#' \item{label.x}{
#' The horizontal `NA` elements will be replaced by automatically calculated coordinates.
#' If `NULL`, then all edge horizontal coordinates are calculated automatically.
#' This parameter is only supported by `plot.igraph`.
#' }
#' \item{label.y}{
#' The same as `label.x`, but for vertical coordinates.
#' }
#' \item{curved}{
#' Specifies whether to draw curved edges, or not. This can be a logical or a numeric vector or scalar.
#'
#' First the vector is replicated to have the same length as the number of edges in the graph.
#' Then it is interpreted for each edge separately.
#' A numeric value specifies the curvature of the edge;
#' zero curvature means straight edges, negative values means the edge bends clockwise, positive values the opposite.
#' `TRUE` means curvature 0.5, `FALSE` means curvature zero.
#'
#' By default the vector specifying the curvature
#' is calculated via a call to the [curve_multiple()] function.
#' This function makes sure that multiple edges are curved and are all visible.
#' This parameter is ignored for loop edges.
#'
#' The default value is `FALSE`.
#'
#' This parameter is currently ignored by [rglplot()].
#' }
#' \item{arrow.mode}{
#' This parameter can be used to specify for which edges should arrows be drawn.
#' If this parameter is given by the user (in either of the three ways)
#' then it specifies which edges will have forward, backward arrows, or both, or no arrows at all.
#' As usual, this parameter can be a vector or a scalar value.
#' It can be an integer or character type.
#' If it is integer then 0 means no arrows, 1 means backward arrows, 2 is for forward arrows and 3 for both.
#' If it is a character vector then \dQuote{<} and \dQuote{<-} specify backward,
#' \dQuote{>} and \dQuote{->} forward arrows and \dQuote{<>} and \dQuote{<->} stands for both arrows.
#' All other values mean no arrows, perhaps you should use \dQuote{-} or \dQuote{--} to specify no arrows.
#'
#' Hint: this parameter can be used as a \sQuote{cheap} solution for drawing \dQuote{mixed} graphs:
#' graphs in which some edges are directed some are not.
#' If you want do this, then please create a *directed* graph,
#' because as of version 0.4 the vertex pairs in the edge lists can be swapped in undirected graphs.
#'
#' By default, no arrows will be drawn for undirected graphs,
#' and for directed graphs, an arrow will be drawn for each edge, according to its direction.
#' This is not very surprising, it is the expected behavior.
#' }
#' \item{loop.angle}{
#' Gives the angle in radians for plotting loop edges.
#' See the `label.dist` vertex parameter to see how this is interpreted.
#'
#' The default value is NULL. This means that the loop edges will be drawn automatically in the largest gap possible.
#' }
#' \item{loop.angle2}{
#' Gives the second angle in radians for plotting loop edges.
#' This is only used in 3D, `loop.angle` is enough in 2D.
#'
#' The default value is 0.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' Other parameters:
#' \describe{
#' \item{layout}{
#' Either a function or a numeric matrix.
#' It specifies how the vertices will be placed on the plot.
#'
#' If it is a numeric matrix, then the matrix has to have one line for each vertex,
#' specifying its coordinates.
#' The matrix should have at least two columns, for the `x` and `y` coordinates,
#' and it can also have third column,
#' this will be the `z` coordinate for 3D plots and it is ignored for 2D plots.
#'
#' If a two column matrix is given for the 3D plotting function [rglplot()] then the third column is assumed to be 1 for each vertex.
#'
#' If `layout` is a function, this function will be called with the `graph`
#' as the single parameter to determine the actual coordinates.
#' The function should return a matrix with two or three columns.
#' For the 2D plots the third column is ignored.
#' The default value is `layout_nicely`, a smart function that chooses a layout based on the graph.
#' }
#' \item{margin}{
#' The amount of empty space below, over, at the left and right of the plot,
#' it is a numeric vector of length four.
#' Usually values between 0 and 0.5 are meaningful, but negative values are also possible,
#' that will make the plot zoom in to a part of the graph.
#' If it is shorter than four then it is recycled.
#' [rglplot()] does not support this parameter, as it can zoom in and out the graph in a more flexible way.
#' Its default value is 0.
#' }
#' \item{palette}{
#' The color palette to use for vertex color.
#' The default is \code{\link{categorical_pal}}, which is a color-blind friendly categorical palette.
#' See its manual page for details and other palettes.
#' This parameters is only supported by `plot`, and not by `tkplot` and `rglplot`.
#' }
#' \item{rescale}{
#' Logical constant, whether to rescale the coordinates to the `[-1,1]x[-1,1](x[-1,1])` interval.
#' This parameter is not implemented for `tkplot`.
#' Defaults to `TRUE`, the layout will be rescaled.
#' }
#' \item{asp}{
#' A numeric constant, it gives the `asp` parameter for [plot()], the aspect ratio.
#' Supply 0 here if you don't want to give an aspect ratio.
#' It is ignored by `tkplot` and `rglplot`.
#' Defaults to 1.
#' }
#' \item{frame}{
#' Boolean, whether to plot a frame around the graph.
#' It is ignored by `tkplot` and `rglplot`.
#' Defaults to `FALSE`.
#' }
#' \item{main}{
#' Overall title for the main plot.
#' The default is empty if the `annotate.plot` igraph option is `FALSE`,
#' and the graph's `name` attribute otherwise.
#' See the same argument of the base `plot` function.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' \item{sub}{
#' Subtitle of the main plot, the default is empty.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' \item{xlab}{
#' Title for the x axis, the default is empty if the `annotate.plot` igraph option is `FALSE`,
#' and the number of vertices and edges, if it is `TRUE`.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' \item{ylab}{
#' Title for the y axis, the default is empty.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' }
#' @author Gabor Csardi \email{csardi.gabor@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso [plot.igraph()], [tkplot()],
#' [rglplot()], [igraph_options()]
#' @keywords graphs
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#'
#' # plotting a simple ring graph, all default parameters, except the layout
#' g <- make_ring(10)
#' g$layout <- layout_in_circle
#' plot(g)
#' tkplot(g)
#' rglplot(g)
#'
#' # plotting a random graph, set the parameters in the command arguments
#' g <- barabasi.game(100)
#' plot(g,
#' layout = layout_with_fr, vertex.size = 4,
#' vertex.label.dist = 0.5, vertex.color = "red", edge.arrow.size = 0.5
#' )
#'
#' # plot a random graph, different color for each component
#' g <- sample_gnp(100, 1 / 100)
#' comps <- components(g)$membership
#' colbar <- rainbow(max(comps) + 1)
#' V(g)$color <- colbar[comps + 1]
#' plot(g, layout = layout_with_fr, vertex.size = 5, vertex.label = NA)
#'
#' # plot communities in a graph
#' g <- make_full_graph(5) %du% make_full_graph(5) %du% make_full_graph(5)
#' g <- add_edges(g, c(1, 6, 1, 11, 6, 11))
#' com <- cluster_spinglass(g, spins = 5)
#' V(g)$color <- com$membership + 1
#' g <- set_graph_attr(g, "layout", layout_with_kk(g))
#' plot(g, vertex.label.dist = 1.5)
#'
#' # draw a bunch of trees, fix layout
#' igraph_options(plot.layout = layout_as_tree)
#' plot(make_tree(20, 2))
#' plot(make_tree(50, 3), vertex.size = 3, vertex.label = NA)
#' tkplot(make_tree(50, 2, mode = "undirected"),
#' vertex.size = 10,
#' vertex.color = "green"
#' )
#'
#' # use relative scaling instead of absolute
#' g <- make_famous_graph("Zachary")
#' igraph_options(plot.layout = layout_nicely)
#' plot(g, vertex.size = degree(g))
#' plot(g, vertex.size = degree(g), size.scaling = TRUE)
#' plot(g, vertex.size = degree(g), size.scaling = TRUE, relative.size = c(0.05, 0.1))
#' }
#' @name plot.common
#' @rdname plot.common
NULL
#' Optimal edge curvature when plotting graphs
#'
#' @description
#' `r lifecycle::badge("deprecated")`
#'
#' `autocurve.edges()` was renamed to [curve_multiple()] to create a more
#' consistent API.
#' @inheritParams curve_multiple
#' @keywords internal
#' @export
autocurve.edges <- function(graph, start = 0.5) {
# nocov start
lifecycle::deprecate_soft("2.0.0", "autocurve.edges()", "curve_multiple()")
curve_multiple(graph = graph, start = start)
} # nocov end
# IGraph R package
# Copyright (C) 2003-2012 Gabor Csardi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com>
# 334 Harvard street, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
# 02110-1301 USA
#
###################################################################
###################################################################
# Common functions for plot and tkplot
###################################################################
i.parse.plot.params <- function(graph, params) {
## store the arguments
p <- list(vertex = list(), edge = list(), plot = list())
for (n in names(params)) {
if (substr(n, 1, 7) == "vertex.") {
nn <- substring(n, 8)
p[["vertex"]][[nn]] <- params[[n]]
} else if (substr(n, 1, 5) == "edge.") {
nn <- substring(n, 6)
p[["edge"]][[nn]] <- params[[n]]
} else {
p[["plot"]][[n]] <- params[[n]]
}
}
func <- function(
type = c("vertex", "edge", "plot"),
name,
range = NULL,
dontcall = FALSE
) {
type <- igraph.match.arg(type)
ret <- function() {
v <- p[[type]][[name]]
if (is.function(v) && !dontcall) {
v <- v(graph)
}
if (is.null(range)) {
return(v)
} else {
if (length(v) == 1) {
return(rep(v, length(range)))
} else {
return(rep(v, length.out = max(range) + 1)[[range + 1]])
}
}
}
if (name %in% names(p[[type]])) {
## we already have the parameter
return(ret())
} else {
## we don't have the parameter, check attributes first
if (type == "vertex" && name %in% vertex_attr_names(graph)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- vertex_attr(graph, name)
} else if (type == "edge" && name %in% edge_attr_names(graph)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- edge_attr(graph, name)
} else if (type == "plot" && name %in% graph_attr_names(graph)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- graph_attr(graph, name)
} else {
## no attributes either, check igraph parameters
n <- paste(sep = "", type, ".", name)
v <- igraph_opt(n)
if (!is.null(v)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- v
return(ret())
}
## no igraph parameter either, use default value
p[[type]][[name]] <- i.default.values[[type]][[name]]
return(ret())
}
}
if (!is.function(p[[type]][[name]])) {
if (any(is.na(p[[type]][[name]]))) {
if (name != "label") {
cli::cli_warn(
"{type} attribute {name} contains NAs. Replacing with default value {i.default.values[[type]][[name]]
}"
)
p[[type]][[name]][is.na(p[[type]][[name]])] <- i.default.values[[
type
]][[name]]
} else {
p[[type]][[name]][is.na(p[[type]][[name]])] <- ""
}
}
}
return(ret())
}
return(func)
}
i.get.edge.labels <- function(graph, edge.labels = NULL) {
if (is.null(edge.labels)) {
edge.labels <- rep(NA, ecount(graph))
}
edge.labels
}
i.get.labels <- function(graph, labels = NULL) {
if (is.null(labels)) {
if ("name" %in% vertex_attr_names(graph)) {
labels <- vertex_attr(graph, "name")
} else {
labels <- seq_len(vcount(graph))
}
}
labels
}
i.get.arrow.mode <- function(graph, arrow.mode = NULL) {
if (
is.character(arrow.mode) &&
length(arrow.mode) == 1 &&
substr(arrow.mode, 1, 2) == "a:"
) {
arrow.mode <- vertex_attr(graph, substring(arrow.mode, 3))
}
if (is.character(arrow.mode)) {
arrow.mode <- map_dbl(
arrow.mode,
function(x) {
switch(x, "<" = 1, "<-" = 1, ">" = 2, "->" = 2, "<>" = 3, "<->" = 3, 0)
}
)
}
if (is.null(arrow.mode)) {
if (is_directed(graph)) {
arrow.mode <- 2
} else {
arrow.mode <- 0
}
}
arrow.mode
}
i.get.main <- function(graph) {
if (igraph_opt("annotate.plot")) {
n <- graph$name[1]
n
} else {
""
}
}
i.get.xlab <- function(graph) {
if (igraph_opt("annotate.plot")) {
paste(vcount(graph), "vertices,", ecount(graph), "edges")
} else {
""
}
}
igraph.check.shapes <- function(x) {
xx <- unique(x)
bad.shapes <- !xx %in% ls(.igraph.shapes)
if (any(bad.shapes)) {
bs <- paste(xx[bad.shapes], collapse = ", ")
cli::cli_abort("Bad vertex {cli::qty(length(bad.shapes))} shape{?s}: {bs}.")
}
x
}
i.postprocess.layout <- function(maybe_layout) {
if ("layout" %in% names(maybe_layout)) {
# This branch caters for layout_with_sugiyama, which returns multiple
# things
layout <- maybe_layout$layout
} else {
# This is the normal path for layout functions that return matrices
layout <- maybe_layout
}
layout
}
#' Optimal edge curvature when plotting graphs
#'
#' If graphs have multiple edges, then drawing them as straight lines does not
#' show them when plotting the graphs; they will be on top of each other. One
#' solution is to bend the edges, with diffenent curvature, so that all of them
#' are visible.
#'
#' `curve_multiple()` calculates the optimal `edge.curved` vector for
#' plotting a graph with multiple edges, so that all edges are visible.
#'
#' @param graph The input graph.
#' @param start The curvature at the two extreme edges. All edges will have a
#' curvature between `-start` and `start`, spaced equally.
#' @return A numeric vector, its length is the number of edges in the graph.
#' @author Gabor Csardi \email{csardi.gabor@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso [igraph.plotting] for all plotting parameters,
#' [plot.igraph()], [tkplot()] and [rglplot()]
#' for plotting functions.
#' @family plot.common
#' @export
#' @importFrom stats ave
#' @keywords graphs
#' @examples
#'
#' g <- make_graph(c(
#' 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3,
#' 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1
#' ) + 1)
#'
#' curve_multiple(g)
#'
#' set.seed(42)
#' plot(g)
#'
curve_multiple <- function(graph, start = 0.5) {
el <- apply(as_edgelist(graph, names = FALSE), 1, paste, collapse = ":")
ave(rep(NA, length(el)), el, FUN = function(x) {
if (length(x) == 1) {
return(0)
} else {
return(seq(-start, start, length.out = length(x)))
}
})
}
.igraph.logo.raster <-
structure(
c(
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
311332508L,
1217499541L,
1804702102L,
1066570390L,
211129749L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
379033495L,
1334940052L,
-2104389227L,
-1450012011L,
-2087546218L,
1368494484L,
412456341L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
41975936L,
1905496981L,
-141388906L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-325938283L,
1452380564L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
41975936L,
1905496981L,
-158166379L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-141389163L,
1972540052L,
41975936L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-2037148780L,
-7171435L,
-24798561L,
-12009013L,
-13250855L,
-11616826L,
-24340838L,
-7171435L,
1586664085L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
311332508L,
-963472747L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7236971L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-946695531L,
361927314L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
798134930L,
-40791403L,
-25321308L,
-16061704L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15408144L,
-24471653L,
-258829418L,
344755353L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1483500650L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7824996L,
-12858668L,
-15212050L,
-16519427L,
-15212050L,
-12858668L,
-7890531L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1382903147L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
2056426132L,
-7171435L,
-13643043L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-12139572L,
-7171435L,
1385337493L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1452380564L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8936279L,
-15800587L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15865867L,
-9132373L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1485934996L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1433234795L,
-7171435L,
-15603981L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14100510L,
-7171435L,
-2104389227L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-812412011L,
-7171435L,
-7432808L,
-15080979L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15277585L,
-7498344L,
-7171435L,
-694971499L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1919774060L,
-7171435L,
-14623768L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13120041L,
-7171435L,
1704104597L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
177838489L,
-74280299L,
-7171435L,
-10439750L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-10701380L,
-7171435L,
-40725867L,
211129749L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1368494484L,
-7171435L,
-10374471L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16584963L,
-9067350L,
-7171435L,
714248856L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
999527315L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12270386L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-12531503L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1033015958L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
-1080913258L,
-7171435L,
-10701636L,
-15277329L,
-16519427L,
-14885141L,
-9720911L,
-7171435L,
-1718381676L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1217499541L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12793389L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13054505L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1251053972L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
479367826L,
-929918315L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7236971L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1366060139L,
227117469L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
361927314L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-10962753L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-11289661L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
412456341L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1536398230L,
-7171435L,
-778857580L,
-1013804395L,
-1752067691L,
1334940052L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-544042347L,
-7171435L,
-8086625L,
-16061704L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16126983L,
-8217439L,
-7171435L,
-426601835L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1097690475L,
-23948651L,
579833750L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
76714645L,
1452446357L,
-1986882923L,
-1785556331L,
1720881813L,
361927317L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-2070703211L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-10570822L,
-16649985L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16649985L,
-10636101L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-2020503147L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
596808338L,
-23948651L,
-1114467692L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
747803285L,
-829255019L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-326004074L,
1418891925L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
127046290L,
-728591723L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9786446L,
-15603981L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15538958L,
-9655375L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-661482859L,
144678815L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-2053991786L,
-7171435L,
1502778005L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
278041237L,
-443444587L,
-7171435L,
-10963009L,
-14492954L,
-15015956L,
-12335666L,
-24340839L,
-40725867L,
999461525L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
848598164L,
-225275243L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8347998L,
-9720911L,
-8348254L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-225275243L,
949129878L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
61516458L,
-443379051L,
-292384107L,
127046290L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1835887979L,
-7171435L,
-12008757L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14492954L,
-24013930L,
-745368939L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
546279319L,
-1114467692L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1064136043L,
546279319L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1301451413L,
-7171435L,
-1835822188L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-795700587L,
-24340838L,
-16519427L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9917004L,
-7171435L,
361927317L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
1469289365L,
-1752067691L,
-896363883L,
-242052459L,
-141389163L,
-7171435L,
-309095531L,
429496729L,
1301451413L,
-2104389227L,
-1215130987L,
-879586667L,
-1701670251L,
1704104597L,
798134930L,
75530368L,
16777215L,
-1332571499L,
-7171435L,
798134930L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-174943595L,
-9067350L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-11420476L,
-7171435L,
999461525L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1986948715L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-158166379L,
-1517120875L,
-74280299L,
-879586667L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-812477803L,
-24340839L,
-16519427L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9851469L,
-7171435L,
328372885L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
261724569L,
-1248685419L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7566182L,
-8355679L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1869376618L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1902996843L,
-7171435L,
-11681849L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14166045L,
-7236714L,
-208498027L,
882086803L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1150456470L,
-493710699L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7303018L,
-10789959L,
-13026608L,
-14934812L,
-16513548L,
-16645131L,
-15921426L,
-14013478L,
-11973946L,
-8618845L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
-1768779114L,
144678815L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
227709589L,
-544107883L,
-7171435L,
-10570822L,
-13969951L,
-14492954L,
-11943478L,
-24210280L,
-23948651L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
-1517186668L,
529831060L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
596808338L,
-174943595L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8684636L,
-14605855L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16316174L,
-11382080L,
-7237226L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1852665195L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
663917205L,
-929918315L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-393112938L,
1284674197L,
1049661588L,
-879586667L,
-7171435L,
-141389163L,
-1986948715L,
261724569L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
41975936L,
-1013804395L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-11184706L,
-16316174L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-14342690L,
-8158305L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
1066570390L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
59937429L,
1234342549L,
2140312213L,
-1936551275L,
1486000789L,
294818453L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
1519621014L,
-527265131L,
-7171435L,
-342715755L,
1821545109L,
93952409L,
16777215L,
1922142614L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9868880L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-14210851L,
-7237227L,
-7171435L,
-560819563L,
211129749L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
144678815L,
1989383061L,
-258829675L,
-7171435L,
-644705643L,
1804767894L,
-141389163L,
-7171435L,
-7829349L,
-15658261L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-11184706L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1785622123L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
344755353L,
-1835822188L,
-91057515L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-13289772L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16250383L,
-8421470L,
-7171435L,
-292384107L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
647271572L,
-409824619L,
-7171435L,
-7566183L,
-16513548L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-11447872L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
613782933L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-460090475L,
-7171435L,
-9342293L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-13421357L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1502778005L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
965907093L,
-1785556331L,
-879586667L,
-158166379L,
-695037291L,
-1584229739L,
1435669141L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
412456341L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-11184706L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15263513L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1903062635L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
143823509L,
-1936551275L,
-40725867L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1299017067L,
412258965L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1200853907L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12895025L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16579339L,
-7566183L,
-7171435L,
-1114467692L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1231908203L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8282719L,
-9655375L,
-8544092L,
-7236714L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-577596779L,
194155157L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
747737495L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-11908411L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15987217L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1483566443L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1720881813L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8348254L,
-14231324L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15212050L,
-9263188L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1768779115L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
61516458L,
-158166379L,
-7171435L,
-10000462L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-14145060L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-91057515L,
-1315794284L,
1603375510L,
295081622L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
127046293L,
-242052459L,
-7171435L,
-7629158L,
-15538958L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16519427L,
-8740442L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
747803285L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-963472747L,
-7171435L,
-8158305L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-12237111L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-74280299L,
-1164865131L,
1754502038L,
412456341L,
16777215L,
915575445L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12008757L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13773857L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1720881813L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1819110763L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-15263513L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-9868879L,
-7171435L,
-74280299L,
1368560277L,
-1651338603L,
-325938539L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-40725867L,
-1013804395L,
-1382903147L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-14100510L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16061960L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1668115819L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1402180499L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9539923L,
-16579339L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-13816104L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-946695531L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
61516458L,
1116967831L,
-1802333548L,
-460090475L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-14558233L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16388613L,
-7302250L,
-7171435L,
-1433234795L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1198353770L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12500278L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15987217L,
-8092514L,
-7171435L,
-74280299L,
898666645L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
949129878L,
-1970105706L,
-443379050L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12793389L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14558233L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1972540053L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
479367826L,
-258829675L,
-7171435L,
-7500391L,
-14737438L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16447757L,
-10263627L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-2070703211L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
294818453L,
-23948651L,
-7171435L,
-8478812L,
-16323334L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9917005L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1083347605L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1603375510L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7434600L,
-12237111L,
-16513548L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15000603L,
-9013337L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-778923371L,
109084842L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1768779115L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-10178634L,
-16061960L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16388612L,
-11224382L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-997027179L,
43160213L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
-728591723L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9276502L,
-14605855L,
-16513549L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15789843L,
-12171320L,
-7368809L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-376270187L,
781226134L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
194155157L,
-577596779L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7890531L,
-10636100L,
-12335666L,
-11028288L,
-8413533L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-174943595L,
613585557L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
579833750L,
261724569L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
160337550L,
-1416457579L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-124611948L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7500391L,
-9342293L,
-11316288L,
-12171320L,
-10263627L,
-8355679L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1416457579L,
344755353L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
647139989L,
-913141099L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-476933483L,
1150456469L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1184010901L,
-1131244907L,
-275606891L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
-644705643L,
-1768779114L,
311332508L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
379033495L,
-929852523L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
2056426132L,
428838809L,
-1282305642L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-325938539L,
1485934996L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
59937429L,
2039648917L,
-711814507L,
-40725867L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-510487915L,
-1752001899L,
261264021L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
211129749L,
-1701670251L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-426601835L,
1234408342L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
697274261L,
-544042347L,
-7171435L,
-124611947L,
1485934996L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1167365268L,
-2137943659L,
-1248619627L,
-376270187L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-91057515L,
-846032235L,
-1752067691L,
1653772948L,
395350160L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
227709589L,
949129877L,
378704533L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1550741099L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8021089L,
-11616570L,
-13446949L,
-12662830L,
-10178634L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-91057515L,
831689367L,
1133613460L,
-275606891L,
-7171435L,
-342715755L,
999527315L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
529831060L,
865178006L,
144678815L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1368494484L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9851725L,
-15996425L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13904672L,
-7563622L,
-7171435L,
-476933483L,
-91057514L,
-7171435L,
-644705643L,
613782933L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-846032235L,
-7171435L,
-8217439L,
-16061704L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-12727853L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1030581611L,
311332508L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
109084842L,
-91057515L,
-7171435L,
-12139828L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16649985L,
-7890531L,
-7171435L,
-695037291L,
109084842L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
831689367L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-13970208L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9720911L,
-7171435L,
-1080913258L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
596808338L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-13512485L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9197652L,
-7171435L,
-1299017067L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
-258829675L,
-7171435L,
-11355453L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16192519L,
-7498343L,
-7171435L,
2089980564L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1265462635L,
-7171435L,
-7367273L,
-14950677L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-10897730L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1049661588L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
630296984L,
-174943595L,
-7171435L,
-8086625L,
-14100766L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16323077L,
-11028288L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1550741099L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1821545109L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7236971L,
-8740186L,
-10439750L,
-9655375L,
-7825252L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-476933483L,
277843855L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1385337493L,
-376270187L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1332571499L,
395350160L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
344755353L,
1922142614L,
-1533898091L,
-728591723L,
-1080913258L,
-1903062635L,
1284805780L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L
),
.Dim = c(64L, 64L),
class = "nativeRaster",
channels = 4L
)
i.vertex.default <- list(
color = 1,
size = 15,
size2 = 15,
label = i.get.labels,
label.degree = -pi / 4,
label.color = "darkblue",
label.dist = 0,
label.family = "serif",
label.font = 1,
label.cex = 1,
label.angle = 0,
label.adj = NULL,
frame.color = "black",
frame.width = 1,
shape = "circle",
pie = 1,
pie.color = list(c(
"white",
"lightblue",
"mistyrose",
"lightcyan",
"lavender",
"cornsilk"
)),
pie.angle = 45,
pie.density = -1,
pie.lty = 1,
raster = .igraph.logo.raster,
size.scaling = FALSE,
relative.size = c(0.01, 0.025)
)
i.edge.default <- list(
color = "darkgrey",
label = i.get.edge.labels,
lty = 1,
width = 1,
loop.angle = NULL,
loop.angle2 = 0,
label.family = "serif",
label.font = 1,
label.cex = 1,
label.color = "darkblue",
label.x = NULL,
label.y = NULL,
arrow.size = 1,
arrow.mode = i.get.arrow.mode,
curved = curve_multiple,
arrow.width = 1
)
i.plot.default <- list(
palette = categorical_pal(8),
layout = layout_nicely,
margin = c(0, 0, 0, 0),
rescale = TRUE,
asp = 1,
frame = FALSE,
main = i.get.main,
sub = "",
xlab = i.get.xlab,
ylab = ""
)
i.default.values <- new.env()
i.default.values[["vertex"]] <- i.vertex.default
i.default.values[["edge"]] <- i.edge.default
i.default.values[["plot"]] <- i.plot.default
# Rescale vertex size
#
# Rescale the size of the vertex according to the device dimmensions
# By default uses x1 and x2.
#
# @param size Numeric vector with relative sizes.
# @param plot.reg.coords Coordinates of the device.
# @param minmax.relative.size Relative minimum and maximun sizes in terms of
# percent of the device scale.
#
# To use the default values (calling par()), it should be done after calling
# the device and specifying its dimmensions.
i.rescale.vertex <- function(
size,
plot.reg.coords = par("usr")[1:2],
minmax.relative.size
) {
# Adjusting
ran <- range(size, na.rm = TRUE)
scal <- (plot.reg.coords[2] - plot.reg.coords[1]) * minmax.relative.size
size <- (size - ran[1] + 1e-15) /
(ran[2] - ran[1] + 1e-15) *
(scal[2] - scal[1]) +
scal[1]
return(size)
}
i.default.values[["edge"]] <- i.edge.default
i.default.values[["plot"]] <- i.plot.default
#' Using pie charts as vertices in graph plots
#'
#' More complex vertex images can be used to express addtional information
#' about vertices. E.g. pie charts can be used as vertices, to denote vertex
#' classes, fuzzy classification of vertices, etc.
#'
#' The vertex shape \sQuote{pie} makes igraph draw a pie chart for every
#' vertex. There are some extra graphical vertex parameters that specify how
#' the pie charts will look like:
#' \describe{
#' \item{pie}{
#' Numeric vector, gives the sizes of the pie slices.
#' }
#' \item{pie.color}{
#' A list of color vectors to use for the pies.
#' If it is a list of a single vector, then this is used for all pies.
#' It the color vector is shorter than the number of areas in a pie, then it is recycled.
#' }
#' \item{pie.angle}{
#' The slope of shading lines, given as an angle in degrees (counter-clockwise).
#' }
#' \item{pie.density}{
#' The density of the shading lines, in lines per inch.
#' Non-positive values inhibit the drawing of shading lines.
#' }
#' \item{pie.lty}{
#' The line type of the border of the slices.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' @aliases vertex.shape.pie
#' @author Gabor Csardi \email{csardi.gabor@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso [igraph.plotting()], [plot.igraph()]
#' @keywords graphs
#' @examples
#'
#' g <- make_ring(10)
#' values <- lapply(1:10, function(x) sample(1:10, 3))
#'
#' @examplesIf interactive()
#' plot(g,
#' vertex.shape = "pie", vertex.pie = values,
#' vertex.pie.color = list(heat.colors(5)),
#' vertex.size = seq(10, 30, length.out = 10), vertex.label = NA
#' )
#' @rdname vertex.shape.pie
#' @name vertex.shape.pie
NULL
Try the igraph package in your browser
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
igraph documentation built on Feb. 12, 2026, 5:08 p.m.
R Package Documentation
Browse R Packages
We want your feedback!
Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
Defines functions i.rescale.vertex curve_multiple i.postprocess.layout igraph.check.shapes i.get.xlab i.get.main i.get.arrow.mode i.get.labels i.get.edge.labels i.parse.plot.params autocurve.edges
Documented in autocurve.edges curve_multiple
#' Drawing graphs
#'
#' The common bits of the three plotting functions `plot.igraph`,
#' `tkplot` and `rglplot` are discussed in this manual page.
#'
#' There are currently three different functions in the igraph package which
#' can draw graph in various ways:
#'
#' `plot.igraph` does simple non-interactive 2D plotting to R devices.
#' Actually it is an implementation of the [graphics::plot()] generic
#' function, so you can write `plot(graph)` instead of
#' `plot.igraph(graph)`. As it used the standard R devices it supports
#' every output format for which R has an output device. The list is quite
#' impressing: PostScript, PDF files, XFig files, SVG files, JPG, PNG and of
#' course you can plot to the screen as well using the default devices, or the
#' good-looking anti-aliased Cairo device. See [plot.igraph()] for
#' some more information.
#'
#' [tkplot()] does interactive 2D plotting using the `tcltk`
#' package. It can only handle graphs of moderate size, a thousand vertices is
#' probably already too many. Some parameters of the plotted graph can be
#' changed interactively after issuing the `tkplot` command: the position,
#' color and size of the vertices and the color and width of the edges. See
#' [tkplot()] for details.
#'
#' [rglplot()] is an experimental function to draw graphs in 3D using
#' OpenGL. See [rglplot()] for some more information.
#'
#' Please also check the examples below.
#'
#' @aliases igraph.plotting
#' @section How to specify graphical parameters: There are three ways to give
#' values to the parameters described below, in section 'Parameters'. We give
#' these three ways here in the order of their precedence.
#'
#' The first method is to supply named arguments to the plotting commands:
#' [plot.igraph()], [tkplot()] or rglplot()].
#' Parameters for vertices start with prefix \sQuote{\code{vertex.}},
#' parameters for edges have prefix \sQuote{\code{edge.}}, and global
#' parameters have no prefix. Eg. the color of the vertices can be given via
#' argument `vertex.color`, whereas `edge.color` sets the color of
#' the edges. `layout` gives the layout of the graphs.
#'
#' The second way is to assign vertex, edge and graph attributes to the graph.
#' These attributes have no prefix, ie. the color of the vertices is taken from
#' the `color` vertex attribute and the color of the edges from the
#' `color` edge attribute. The layout of the graph is given by the
#' `layout` graph attribute. (Always assuming that the corresponding
#' command argument is not present.) Setting vertex and edge attributes are
#' handy if you want to assign a given \sQuote{look} to a graph, attributes are
#' saved with the graph is you save it with [base::save()] or in
#' GraphML format with [write_graph()], so the graph will have the
#' same look after loading it again.
#'
#' If a parameter is not given in the command line, and the corresponding
#' vertex/edge/graph attribute is also missing then the general igraph
#' parameters handled by [igraph_options()] are also checked. Vertex
#' parameters have prefix \sQuote{\code{vertex.}}, edge parameters are prefixed
#' with \sQuote{\code{edge.}}, general parameters like `layout` are
#' prefixed with \sQuote{\code{plot}}. These parameters are useful if you want
#' all or most of your graphs to have the same look, vertex size, vertex color,
#' etc. Then you don't need to set these at every plotting, and you also don't
#' need to assign vertex/edge attributes to every graph.
#'
#' If the value of a parameter is not specified by any of the three ways
#' described here, its default valued is used, as given in the source code.
#'
#' Different parameters can have different type, eg. vertex colors can be given
#' as a character vector with color names, or as an integer vector with the
#' color numbers from the current palette. Different types are valid for
#' different parameters, this is discussed in detail in the next section. It is
#' however always true that the parameter can always be a function object in
#' which it will be called with the graph as its single argument to get the
#' \dQuote{proper} value of the parameter. (If the function returns another
#' function object that will *not* be called again\dots)
#' @section The list of parameters: Vertex parameters first, note that the
#' \sQuote{\code{vertex.}} prefix needs to be added if they are used as an
#' argument or when setting via [igraph_options()]. The value of the
#' parameter may be scalar valid for every vertex or a vector with a separate
#' value for each vertex. (Shorter vectors are recycled.)
#' \describe{
#' \item{size}{
#' The size of the vertex, a numeric scalar or vector,
#' in the latter case each vertex sizes may differ.
#' This vertex sizes are scaled in order have about the same size of vertices
#' for a given value for all three plotting commands.
#' It does not need to be an integer number. The default value is 15.
#' This is big enough to place short labels on vertices.
#' If `size.scaling` is `TRUE`, `relative.size` is used to scale the size appropriately.
#' }
#' \item{size2}{
#' The \dQuote{other} size of the vertex, for some vertex shapes.
#' For the various rectangle shapes this gives the height of the vertices,
#' whereas `size` gives the width.
#' It is ignored by shapes for which the size can be specified with a single number.
#'
#' The default is 15.
#' }
#' \item{color}{
#' The fill color of the vertex. If it is
#' numeric then the current palette is used, see
#' [grDevices::palette()]. If it is a character vector then it may
#' either contain integer values, named colors or RGB specified colors with
#' three or four bytes. All strings starting with \sQuote{\code{#}} are assumed
#' to be RGB color specifications. It is possible to mix named color and RGB
#' colors. Note that [tkplot()] ignores the fourth byte (alpha
#' channel) in the RGB color specification.
#'
#' For `plot.igraph` and integer values, the default igraph palette is
#' used (see the \sQuote{palette} parameter below. Note that this is different
#' from the R palette.
#'
#' If you don't want (some) vertices to have any color, supply `NA` as the
#' color name.
#'
#' The default value is \dQuote{\code{SkyBlue2}}.
#' }
#' \item{frame.color}{
#' The color of the frame of the vertices, the same formats are allowed as for the fill color.
#'
#' If you don't want vertices to have a frame, supply `NA` as the color name.
#'
#' By default it is \dQuote{black}.
#' }
#' \item{frame.width}{
#' The width of the frame of the vertices. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{shape}{
#' The shape of the vertex, currently \dQuote{\code{circle}},
#' \dQuote{\code{square}}, \dQuote{\code{csquare}}, \dQuote{\code{rectangle}},
#' \dQuote{\code{crectangle}}, \dQuote{\code{vrectangle}}, \dQuote{\code{pie}}
#' (see [vertex.shape.pie()]), \sQuote{\code{sphere}}, and
#' \dQuote{\code{none}} are supported, and only by the
#' [plot.igraph()] command. \dQuote{\code{none}} does not draw the
#' vertices at all, although vertex label are plotted (if given). See
#' [shapes()] for details about vertex shapes and
#' [vertex.shape.pie()] for using pie charts as vertices.
#'
#' The \dQuote{\code{sphere}} vertex shape plots vertices as 3D ray-traced
#' spheres, in the given color and size. This produces a raster image and it is
#' only supported with some graphics devices. On some devices raster
#' transparency is not supported and the spheres do not have a transparent
#' background. See [dev.capabilities] and the
#' \sQuote{\code{rasterImage}} capability to check that your device is
#' supported.
#'
#' By default vertices are drawn as circles.
#' }
#' \item{label}{
#' The vertex labels. They will be converted to character.
#' Specify `NA` to omit vertex labels. The default vertex labels are the vertex ids.
#' }
#' \item{label.family}{
#' The
#' font family to be used for vertex labels. As different plotting commands
#' can used different fonts, they interpret this parameter different ways. The
#' basic notation is, however, understood by both [plot.igraph()] and
#' [tkplot()]. [rglplot()] does not support fonts at all
#' right now, it ignores this parameter completely.
#'
#' For [plot.igraph()] this parameter is simply passed to
#' [graphics::text()] as argument `family`.
#'
#' For [tkplot()] some conversion is performed. If this parameter is
#' the name of an existing Tk font, then that font is used and the
#' `label.font` and `label.cex` parameters are ignored completely. If
#' it is one of the base families (serif, sans, mono) then Times, Helvetica or
#' Courier fonts are used, there are guaranteed to exist on all systems. For
#' the \sQuote{symbol} base family we used the symbol font is available,
#' otherwise the first font which has \sQuote{symbol} in its name. If the
#' parameter is not a name of the base families and it is also not a named Tk
#' font then we pass it to [tcltk::tkfont.create()] and hope the user
#' knows what she is doing. The `label.font` and `label.cex`
#' parameters are also passed to [tcltk::tkfont.create()] in this
#' case.
#'
#' The default value is \sQuote{serif}.
#' }
#' \item{label.font}{
#' The font within the font family to use for the vertex labels.
#' It is interpreted the same way as the the `font` graphical parameter:
#' 1 is plain text, 2 is bold face, 3 is italic, 4 is bold and italic and 5 specifies the symbol font.
#'
#' For [plot.igraph()] this parameter is simply passed to [graphics::text()].
#'
#' For [tkplot()], if the `label.family` parameter is not the name of a Tk font
#' then this parameter is used to set whether the newly created font should be italic and/or boldface.
#' Otherwise it is ignored.
#'
#' For [rglplot()] it is ignored.
#'
#' The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{label.cex}{
#' The font size for vertex labels.
#' It is interpreted as a multiplication factor of some device-dependent base font size.
#'
#' For [plot.igraph()] it is simply passed to [graphics::text()] as argument `cex`.
#'
#' For [tkplot()] it is multiplied by 12 and then used as the `size` argument for [tcltk::tkfont.create()].
#' The base font is thus 12 for tkplot.
#'
#' For [rglplot()] it is ignored.
#'
#' The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{label.dist}{
#' The distance of the label from the center of the vertex.
#' If it is 0 then the label is centered on the vertex.
#' If it is 1 then the label is displayed beside the vertex.
#'
#' The default value is 0.
#' }
#' \item{label.degree}{
#' It defines the position of the vertex labels, relative to the center of the vertices.
#' It is interpreted as an angle in radians,
#' zero means \sQuote{to the right}, and \sQuote{\code{pi}} means to the left,
#' up is `-pi/2` and down is `pi/2`.
#'
#' The default value is `-pi/4`.
#' }
#' \item{label.color}{
#' The color of the labels, see the `color` vertex parameter
#' discussed earlier for the possible values.
#'
#' The default value is `black`.
#' }
#' \item{label.angle}{
#' The rotation of the vertex labels, in degrees. Corresponds to the `srt` parameter of [graphics::text()].
#' }
#' \item{label.adj}{
#' one or two numeric values, giving the horizontal and vertical adjustment of the vertex labels. See also `adj` in [graphics::text()].
#' }
#' \item{size.scaling}{
#' Switches between absolute vertex sizing (FALSE,default) and relative (TRUE).
#' If FALSE, `vertex.size` and `vertex.size2` are used as is.
#' If TRUE, `relative.size` is used to scale both appropriately with `relative.size`.
#' }
#' \item{relative.size}{
#' The relative size of the smallest and largest vertices as percentage of
#' the plotting region. When all vertices have the same size, then by default
#' the relative size observed in the plot will be equal to
#' \code{relative.size[2]}.
#' The default value is \code{c(.01,.025)} (1\% and 2.5\% respectively).
#'
#' Only used if `size.scaling` is TRUE`.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' Edge parameters require to add the \sQuote{\code{edge.}} prefix when used as
#' arguments or set by [igraph_options()]. The edge parameters:
#' \describe{
#' \item{color}{
#' The color of the edges, see the `color` vertex parameter for the possible values.
#' By default this parameter is `darkgrey`.
#' }
#' \item{width}{
#' The width of the edges. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{arrow.size}{
#' The size of the arrows. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{arrow.width}{
#' The width of the arrows. The default value is 1.
#' }
#' \item{lty}{
#' The line type for the edges. Almost the
#' same format is accepted as for the standard graphics
#' [graphics::par()], 0 and \dQuote{blank} mean no edges, 1 and
#' \dQuote{solid} are for solid lines, the other possible values are: 2
#' (\dQuote{dashed}), 3 (\dQuote{dotted}), 4 (\dQuote{dotdash}), 5
#' (\dQuote{longdash}), 6 (\dQuote{twodash}).
#'
#' [tkplot()] also accepts standard Tk line type strings, it does not
#' however support \dQuote{blank} lines, instead of type \sQuote{0} type
#' \sQuote{1}, ie. solid lines will be drawn.
#'
#' This argument is ignored for [rglplot()].
#'
#' The default value is type 1, a solid line.
#' }
#' \item{label}{
#' The edge labels.
#' They will be converted to character. Specify `NA` to omit edge labels.
#'
#' Edge labels are omitted by default.
#' }
#' \item{label.family}{
#' Font family of the edge labels. See the vertex parameter with the same name for the details.
#' }
#' \item{label.font}{
#' The font for the edge labels. See the corresponding vertex parameter discussed earlier for details.
#' }
#' \item{label.cex}{
#' The font size for the edge labels, see the corresponding vertex parameter for details.
#' }
#' \item{label.color}{
#' The color of the edge labels, see the `color` vertex parameters on how to specify colors.
#' }
#' \item{label.x}{
#' The horizontal `NA` elements will be replaced by automatically calculated coordinates.
#' If `NULL`, then all edge horizontal coordinates are calculated automatically.
#' This parameter is only supported by `plot.igraph`.
#' }
#' \item{label.y}{
#' The same as `label.x`, but for vertical coordinates.
#' }
#' \item{curved}{
#' Specifies whether to draw curved edges, or not. This can be a logical or a numeric vector or scalar.
#'
#' First the vector is replicated to have the same length as the number of edges in the graph.
#' Then it is interpreted for each edge separately.
#' A numeric value specifies the curvature of the edge;
#' zero curvature means straight edges, negative values means the edge bends clockwise, positive values the opposite.
#' `TRUE` means curvature 0.5, `FALSE` means curvature zero.
#'
#' By default the vector specifying the curvature
#' is calculated via a call to the [curve_multiple()] function.
#' This function makes sure that multiple edges are curved and are all visible.
#' This parameter is ignored for loop edges.
#'
#' The default value is `FALSE`.
#'
#' This parameter is currently ignored by [rglplot()].
#' }
#' \item{arrow.mode}{
#' This parameter can be used to specify for which edges should arrows be drawn.
#' If this parameter is given by the user (in either of the three ways)
#' then it specifies which edges will have forward, backward arrows, or both, or no arrows at all.
#' As usual, this parameter can be a vector or a scalar value.
#' It can be an integer or character type.
#' If it is integer then 0 means no arrows, 1 means backward arrows, 2 is for forward arrows and 3 for both.
#' If it is a character vector then \dQuote{<} and \dQuote{<-} specify backward,
#' \dQuote{>} and \dQuote{->} forward arrows and \dQuote{<>} and \dQuote{<->} stands for both arrows.
#' All other values mean no arrows, perhaps you should use \dQuote{-} or \dQuote{--} to specify no arrows.
#'
#' Hint: this parameter can be used as a \sQuote{cheap} solution for drawing \dQuote{mixed} graphs:
#' graphs in which some edges are directed some are not.
#' If you want do this, then please create a *directed* graph,
#' because as of version 0.4 the vertex pairs in the edge lists can be swapped in undirected graphs.
#'
#' By default, no arrows will be drawn for undirected graphs,
#' and for directed graphs, an arrow will be drawn for each edge, according to its direction.
#' This is not very surprising, it is the expected behavior.
#' }
#' \item{loop.angle}{
#' Gives the angle in radians for plotting loop edges.
#' See the `label.dist` vertex parameter to see how this is interpreted.
#'
#' The default value is NULL. This means that the loop edges will be drawn automatically in the largest gap possible.
#' }
#' \item{loop.angle2}{
#' Gives the second angle in radians for plotting loop edges.
#' This is only used in 3D, `loop.angle` is enough in 2D.
#'
#' The default value is 0.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' Other parameters:
#' \describe{
#' \item{layout}{
#' Either a function or a numeric matrix.
#' It specifies how the vertices will be placed on the plot.
#'
#' If it is a numeric matrix, then the matrix has to have one line for each vertex,
#' specifying its coordinates.
#' The matrix should have at least two columns, for the `x` and `y` coordinates,
#' and it can also have third column,
#' this will be the `z` coordinate for 3D plots and it is ignored for 2D plots.
#'
#' If a two column matrix is given for the 3D plotting function [rglplot()] then the third column is assumed to be 1 for each vertex.
#'
#' If `layout` is a function, this function will be called with the `graph`
#' as the single parameter to determine the actual coordinates.
#' The function should return a matrix with two or three columns.
#' For the 2D plots the third column is ignored.
#' The default value is `layout_nicely`, a smart function that chooses a layout based on the graph.
#' }
#' \item{margin}{
#' The amount of empty space below, over, at the left and right of the plot,
#' it is a numeric vector of length four.
#' Usually values between 0 and 0.5 are meaningful, but negative values are also possible,
#' that will make the plot zoom in to a part of the graph.
#' If it is shorter than four then it is recycled.
#' [rglplot()] does not support this parameter, as it can zoom in and out the graph in a more flexible way.
#' Its default value is 0.
#' }
#' \item{palette}{
#' The color palette to use for vertex color.
#' The default is \code{\link{categorical_pal}}, which is a color-blind friendly categorical palette.
#' See its manual page for details and other palettes.
#' This parameters is only supported by `plot`, and not by `tkplot` and `rglplot`.
#' }
#' \item{rescale}{
#' Logical constant, whether to rescale the coordinates to the `[-1,1]x[-1,1](x[-1,1])` interval.
#' This parameter is not implemented for `tkplot`.
#' Defaults to `TRUE`, the layout will be rescaled.
#' }
#' \item{asp}{
#' A numeric constant, it gives the `asp` parameter for [plot()], the aspect ratio.
#' Supply 0 here if you don't want to give an aspect ratio.
#' It is ignored by `tkplot` and `rglplot`.
#' Defaults to 1.
#' }
#' \item{frame}{
#' Boolean, whether to plot a frame around the graph.
#' It is ignored by `tkplot` and `rglplot`.
#' Defaults to `FALSE`.
#' }
#' \item{main}{
#' Overall title for the main plot.
#' The default is empty if the `annotate.plot` igraph option is `FALSE`,
#' and the graph's `name` attribute otherwise.
#' See the same argument of the base `plot` function.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' \item{sub}{
#' Subtitle of the main plot, the default is empty.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' \item{xlab}{
#' Title for the x axis, the default is empty if the `annotate.plot` igraph option is `FALSE`,
#' and the number of vertices and edges, if it is `TRUE`.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' \item{ylab}{
#' Title for the y axis, the default is empty.
#' Only supported by `plot`.
#' }
#' }
#' @author Gabor Csardi \email{csardi.gabor@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso [plot.igraph()], [tkplot()],
#' [rglplot()], [igraph_options()]
#' @keywords graphs
#' @examples
#' \dontrun{
#'
#' # plotting a simple ring graph, all default parameters, except the layout
#' g <- make_ring(10)
#' g$layout <- layout_in_circle
#' plot(g)
#' tkplot(g)
#' rglplot(g)
#'
#' # plotting a random graph, set the parameters in the command arguments
#' g <- barabasi.game(100)
#' plot(g,
#' layout = layout_with_fr, vertex.size = 4,
#' vertex.label.dist = 0.5, vertex.color = "red", edge.arrow.size = 0.5
#' )
#'
#' # plot a random graph, different color for each component
#' g <- sample_gnp(100, 1 / 100)
#' comps <- components(g)$membership
#' colbar <- rainbow(max(comps) + 1)
#' V(g)$color <- colbar[comps + 1]
#' plot(g, layout = layout_with_fr, vertex.size = 5, vertex.label = NA)
#'
#' # plot communities in a graph
#' g <- make_full_graph(5) %du% make_full_graph(5) %du% make_full_graph(5)
#' g <- add_edges(g, c(1, 6, 1, 11, 6, 11))
#' com <- cluster_spinglass(g, spins = 5)
#' V(g)$color <- com$membership + 1
#' g <- set_graph_attr(g, "layout", layout_with_kk(g))
#' plot(g, vertex.label.dist = 1.5)
#'
#' # draw a bunch of trees, fix layout
#' igraph_options(plot.layout = layout_as_tree)
#' plot(make_tree(20, 2))
#' plot(make_tree(50, 3), vertex.size = 3, vertex.label = NA)
#' tkplot(make_tree(50, 2, mode = "undirected"),
#' vertex.size = 10,
#' vertex.color = "green"
#' )
#'
#' # use relative scaling instead of absolute
#' g <- make_famous_graph("Zachary")
#' igraph_options(plot.layout = layout_nicely)
#' plot(g, vertex.size = degree(g))
#' plot(g, vertex.size = degree(g), size.scaling = TRUE)
#' plot(g, vertex.size = degree(g), size.scaling = TRUE, relative.size = c(0.05, 0.1))
#' }
#' @name plot.common
#' @rdname plot.common
NULL
#' Optimal edge curvature when plotting graphs
#'
#' @description
#' `r lifecycle::badge("deprecated")`
#'
#' `autocurve.edges()` was renamed to [curve_multiple()] to create a more
#' consistent API.
#' @inheritParams curve_multiple
#' @keywords internal
#' @export
autocurve.edges <- function(graph, start = 0.5) {
# nocov start
lifecycle::deprecate_soft("2.0.0", "autocurve.edges()", "curve_multiple()")
curve_multiple(graph = graph, start = start)
} # nocov end
# IGraph R package
# Copyright (C) 2003-2012 Gabor Csardi <csardi.gabor@gmail.com>
# 334 Harvard street, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
# 02110-1301 USA
#
###################################################################
###################################################################
# Common functions for plot and tkplot
###################################################################
i.parse.plot.params <- function(graph, params) {
## store the arguments
p <- list(vertex = list(), edge = list(), plot = list())
for (n in names(params)) {
if (substr(n, 1, 7) == "vertex.") {
nn <- substring(n, 8)
p[["vertex"]][[nn]] <- params[[n]]
} else if (substr(n, 1, 5) == "edge.") {
nn <- substring(n, 6)
p[["edge"]][[nn]] <- params[[n]]
} else {
p[["plot"]][[n]] <- params[[n]]
}
}
func <- function(
type = c("vertex", "edge", "plot"),
name,
range = NULL,
dontcall = FALSE
) {
type <- igraph.match.arg(type)
ret <- function() {
v <- p[[type]][[name]]
if (is.function(v) && !dontcall) {
v <- v(graph)
}
if (is.null(range)) {
return(v)
} else {
if (length(v) == 1) {
return(rep(v, length(range)))
} else {
return(rep(v, length.out = max(range) + 1)[[range + 1]])
}
}
}
if (name %in% names(p[[type]])) {
## we already have the parameter
return(ret())
} else {
## we don't have the parameter, check attributes first
if (type == "vertex" && name %in% vertex_attr_names(graph)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- vertex_attr(graph, name)
} else if (type == "edge" && name %in% edge_attr_names(graph)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- edge_attr(graph, name)
} else if (type == "plot" && name %in% graph_attr_names(graph)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- graph_attr(graph, name)
} else {
## no attributes either, check igraph parameters
n <- paste(sep = "", type, ".", name)
v <- igraph_opt(n)
if (!is.null(v)) {
p[[type]][[name]] <- v
return(ret())
}
## no igraph parameter either, use default value
p[[type]][[name]] <- i.default.values[[type]][[name]]
return(ret())
}
}
if (!is.function(p[[type]][[name]])) {
if (any(is.na(p[[type]][[name]]))) {
if (name != "label") {
cli::cli_warn(
"{type} attribute {name} contains NAs. Replacing with default value {i.default.values[[type]][[name]]
}"
)
p[[type]][[name]][is.na(p[[type]][[name]])] <- i.default.values[[
type
]][[name]]
} else {
p[[type]][[name]][is.na(p[[type]][[name]])] <- ""
}
}
}
return(ret())
}
return(func)
}
i.get.edge.labels <- function(graph, edge.labels = NULL) {
if (is.null(edge.labels)) {
edge.labels <- rep(NA, ecount(graph))
}
edge.labels
}
i.get.labels <- function(graph, labels = NULL) {
if (is.null(labels)) {
if ("name" %in% vertex_attr_names(graph)) {
labels <- vertex_attr(graph, "name")
} else {
labels <- seq_len(vcount(graph))
}
}
labels
}
i.get.arrow.mode <- function(graph, arrow.mode = NULL) {
if (
is.character(arrow.mode) &&
length(arrow.mode) == 1 &&
substr(arrow.mode, 1, 2) == "a:"
) {
arrow.mode <- vertex_attr(graph, substring(arrow.mode, 3))
}
if (is.character(arrow.mode)) {
arrow.mode <- map_dbl(
arrow.mode,
function(x) {
switch(x, "<" = 1, "<-" = 1, ">" = 2, "->" = 2, "<>" = 3, "<->" = 3, 0)
}
)
}
if (is.null(arrow.mode)) {
if (is_directed(graph)) {
arrow.mode <- 2
} else {
arrow.mode <- 0
}
}
arrow.mode
}
i.get.main <- function(graph) {
if (igraph_opt("annotate.plot")) {
n <- graph$name[1]
n
} else {
""
}
}
i.get.xlab <- function(graph) {
if (igraph_opt("annotate.plot")) {
paste(vcount(graph), "vertices,", ecount(graph), "edges")
} else {
""
}
}
igraph.check.shapes <- function(x) {
xx <- unique(x)
bad.shapes <- !xx %in% ls(.igraph.shapes)
if (any(bad.shapes)) {
bs <- paste(xx[bad.shapes], collapse = ", ")
cli::cli_abort("Bad vertex {cli::qty(length(bad.shapes))} shape{?s}: {bs}.")
}
x
}
i.postprocess.layout <- function(maybe_layout) {
if ("layout" %in% names(maybe_layout)) {
# This branch caters for layout_with_sugiyama, which returns multiple
# things
layout <- maybe_layout$layout
} else {
# This is the normal path for layout functions that return matrices
layout <- maybe_layout
}
layout
}
#' Optimal edge curvature when plotting graphs
#'
#' If graphs have multiple edges, then drawing them as straight lines does not
#' show them when plotting the graphs; they will be on top of each other. One
#' solution is to bend the edges, with diffenent curvature, so that all of them
#' are visible.
#'
#' `curve_multiple()` calculates the optimal `edge.curved` vector for
#' plotting a graph with multiple edges, so that all edges are visible.
#'
#' @param graph The input graph.
#' @param start The curvature at the two extreme edges. All edges will have a
#' curvature between `-start` and `start`, spaced equally.
#' @return A numeric vector, its length is the number of edges in the graph.
#' @author Gabor Csardi \email{csardi.gabor@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso [igraph.plotting] for all plotting parameters,
#' [plot.igraph()], [tkplot()] and [rglplot()]
#' for plotting functions.
#' @family plot.common
#' @export
#' @importFrom stats ave
#' @keywords graphs
#' @examples
#'
#' g <- make_graph(c(
#' 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3,
#' 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1
#' ) + 1)
#'
#' curve_multiple(g)
#'
#' set.seed(42)
#' plot(g)
#'
curve_multiple <- function(graph, start = 0.5) {
el <- apply(as_edgelist(graph, names = FALSE), 1, paste, collapse = ":")
ave(rep(NA, length(el)), el, FUN = function(x) {
if (length(x) == 1) {
return(0)
} else {
return(seq(-start, start, length.out = length(x)))
}
})
}
.igraph.logo.raster <-
structure(
c(
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
311332508L,
1217499541L,
1804702102L,
1066570390L,
211129749L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
379033495L,
1334940052L,
-2104389227L,
-1450012011L,
-2087546218L,
1368494484L,
412456341L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
41975936L,
1905496981L,
-141388906L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-325938283L,
1452380564L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
41975936L,
1905496981L,
-158166379L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-141389163L,
1972540052L,
41975936L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-2037148780L,
-7171435L,
-24798561L,
-12009013L,
-13250855L,
-11616826L,
-24340838L,
-7171435L,
1586664085L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
311332508L,
-963472747L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7236971L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-946695531L,
361927314L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
798134930L,
-40791403L,
-25321308L,
-16061704L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15408144L,
-24471653L,
-258829418L,
344755353L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1483500650L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7824996L,
-12858668L,
-15212050L,
-16519427L,
-15212050L,
-12858668L,
-7890531L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1382903147L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
2056426132L,
-7171435L,
-13643043L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-12139572L,
-7171435L,
1385337493L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1452380564L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8936279L,
-15800587L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15865867L,
-9132373L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1485934996L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1433234795L,
-7171435L,
-15603981L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14100510L,
-7171435L,
-2104389227L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-812412011L,
-7171435L,
-7432808L,
-15080979L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15277585L,
-7498344L,
-7171435L,
-694971499L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1919774060L,
-7171435L,
-14623768L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13120041L,
-7171435L,
1704104597L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
177838489L,
-74280299L,
-7171435L,
-10439750L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-10701380L,
-7171435L,
-40725867L,
211129749L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1368494484L,
-7171435L,
-10374471L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16584963L,
-9067350L,
-7171435L,
714248856L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
999527315L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12270386L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-12531503L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1033015958L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
-1080913258L,
-7171435L,
-10701636L,
-15277329L,
-16519427L,
-14885141L,
-9720911L,
-7171435L,
-1718381676L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1217499541L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12793389L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13054505L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1251053972L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
479367826L,
-929918315L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7236971L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1366060139L,
227117469L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
361927314L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-10962753L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-11289661L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
412456341L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1536398230L,
-7171435L,
-778857580L,
-1013804395L,
-1752067691L,
1334940052L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-544042347L,
-7171435L,
-8086625L,
-16061704L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16126983L,
-8217439L,
-7171435L,
-426601835L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1097690475L,
-23948651L,
579833750L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
76714645L,
1452446357L,
-1986882923L,
-1785556331L,
1720881813L,
361927317L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-2070703211L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-10570822L,
-16649985L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16649985L,
-10636101L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-2020503147L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
596808338L,
-23948651L,
-1114467692L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
747803285L,
-829255019L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-326004074L,
1418891925L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
127046290L,
-728591723L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9786446L,
-15603981L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15538958L,
-9655375L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-661482859L,
144678815L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-2053991786L,
-7171435L,
1502778005L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
278041237L,
-443444587L,
-7171435L,
-10963009L,
-14492954L,
-15015956L,
-12335666L,
-24340839L,
-40725867L,
999461525L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
848598164L,
-225275243L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8347998L,
-9720911L,
-8348254L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-225275243L,
949129878L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
61516458L,
-443379051L,
-292384107L,
127046290L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1835887979L,
-7171435L,
-12008757L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14492954L,
-24013930L,
-745368939L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
546279319L,
-1114467692L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1064136043L,
546279319L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1301451413L,
-7171435L,
-1835822188L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-795700587L,
-24340838L,
-16519427L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9917004L,
-7171435L,
361927317L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
1469289365L,
-1752067691L,
-896363883L,
-242052459L,
-141389163L,
-7171435L,
-309095531L,
429496729L,
1301451413L,
-2104389227L,
-1215130987L,
-879586667L,
-1701670251L,
1704104597L,
798134930L,
75530368L,
16777215L,
-1332571499L,
-7171435L,
798134930L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-174943595L,
-9067350L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-11420476L,
-7171435L,
999461525L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1986948715L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-158166379L,
-1517120875L,
-74280299L,
-879586667L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-812477803L,
-24340839L,
-16519427L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9851469L,
-7171435L,
328372885L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
261724569L,
-1248685419L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7566182L,
-8355679L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1869376618L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1902996843L,
-7171435L,
-11681849L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14166045L,
-7236714L,
-208498027L,
882086803L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1150456470L,
-493710699L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7303018L,
-10789959L,
-13026608L,
-14934812L,
-16513548L,
-16645131L,
-15921426L,
-14013478L,
-11973946L,
-8618845L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
-1768779114L,
144678815L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
227709589L,
-544107883L,
-7171435L,
-10570822L,
-13969951L,
-14492954L,
-11943478L,
-24210280L,
-23948651L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
-1517186668L,
529831060L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
596808338L,
-174943595L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8684636L,
-14605855L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16316174L,
-11382080L,
-7237226L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1852665195L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
663917205L,
-929918315L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-393112938L,
1284674197L,
1049661588L,
-879586667L,
-7171435L,
-141389163L,
-1986948715L,
261724569L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
41975936L,
-1013804395L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-11184706L,
-16316174L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-14342690L,
-8158305L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
1066570390L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
59937429L,
1234342549L,
2140312213L,
-1936551275L,
1486000789L,
294818453L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
1519621014L,
-527265131L,
-7171435L,
-342715755L,
1821545109L,
93952409L,
16777215L,
1922142614L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9868880L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-14210851L,
-7237227L,
-7171435L,
-560819563L,
211129749L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
144678815L,
1989383061L,
-258829675L,
-7171435L,
-644705643L,
1804767894L,
-141389163L,
-7171435L,
-7829349L,
-15658261L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-11184706L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1785622123L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
344755353L,
-1835822188L,
-91057515L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-13289772L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16250383L,
-8421470L,
-7171435L,
-292384107L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
647271572L,
-409824619L,
-7171435L,
-7566183L,
-16513548L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-11447872L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
613782933L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-460090475L,
-7171435L,
-9342293L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-13421357L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1502778005L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
965907093L,
-1785556331L,
-879586667L,
-158166379L,
-695037291L,
-1584229739L,
1435669141L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
412456341L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-11184706L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15263513L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1903062635L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
143823509L,
-1936551275L,
-40725867L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1299017067L,
412258965L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1200853907L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12895025L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16579339L,
-7566183L,
-7171435L,
-1114467692L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1231908203L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8282719L,
-9655375L,
-8544092L,
-7236714L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-577596779L,
194155157L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
747737495L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-11908411L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15987217L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1483566443L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1720881813L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8348254L,
-14231324L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-15212050L,
-9263188L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1768779115L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
61516458L,
-158166379L,
-7171435L,
-10000462L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-14145060L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-91057515L,
-1315794284L,
1603375510L,
295081622L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
127046293L,
-242052459L,
-7171435L,
-7629158L,
-15538958L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16519427L,
-8740442L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
747803285L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-963472747L,
-7171435L,
-8158305L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-12237111L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-74280299L,
-1164865131L,
1754502038L,
412456341L,
16777215L,
915575445L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12008757L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13773857L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1720881813L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1819110763L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-15263513L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-9868879L,
-7171435L,
-74280299L,
1368560277L,
-1651338603L,
-325938539L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-40725867L,
-1013804395L,
-1382903147L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-14100510L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16061960L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1668115819L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1402180499L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9539923L,
-16579339L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-13816104L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-946695531L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
61516458L,
1116967831L,
-1802333548L,
-460090475L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-14558233L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16388613L,
-7302250L,
-7171435L,
-1433234795L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1198353770L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12500278L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15987217L,
-8092514L,
-7171435L,
-74280299L,
898666645L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
949129878L,
-1970105706L,
-443379050L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-12793389L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-14558233L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1972540053L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
479367826L,
-258829675L,
-7171435L,
-7500391L,
-14737438L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16447757L,
-10263627L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-2070703211L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
294818453L,
-23948651L,
-7171435L,
-8478812L,
-16323334L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9917005L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1083347605L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1603375510L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7434600L,
-12237111L,
-16513548L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15000603L,
-9013337L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-778923371L,
109084842L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1768779115L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-10178634L,
-16061960L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16388612L,
-11224382L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-997027179L,
43160213L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
-728591723L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9276502L,
-14605855L,
-16513549L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-16645131L,
-15789843L,
-12171320L,
-7368809L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-376270187L,
781226134L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
194155157L,
-577596779L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7890531L,
-10636100L,
-12335666L,
-11028288L,
-8413533L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-174943595L,
613585557L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
579833750L,
261724569L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
160337550L,
-1416457579L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-124611948L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7500391L,
-9342293L,
-11316288L,
-12171320L,
-10263627L,
-8355679L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1416457579L,
344755353L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
647139989L,
-913141099L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-476933483L,
1150456469L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1184010901L,
-1131244907L,
-275606891L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
-644705643L,
-1768779114L,
311332508L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
379033495L,
-929852523L,
-7171435L,
-23948651L,
2056426132L,
428838809L,
-1282305642L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-325938539L,
1485934996L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
59937429L,
2039648917L,
-711814507L,
-40725867L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-510487915L,
-1752001899L,
261264021L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
211129749L,
-1701670251L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-426601835L,
1234408342L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
697274261L,
-544042347L,
-7171435L,
-124611947L,
1485934996L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1167365268L,
-2137943659L,
-1248619627L,
-376270187L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-91057515L,
-846032235L,
-1752067691L,
1653772948L,
395350160L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
227709589L,
949129877L,
378704533L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1550741099L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-8021089L,
-11616570L,
-13446949L,
-12662830L,
-10178634L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-91057515L,
831689367L,
1133613460L,
-275606891L,
-7171435L,
-342715755L,
999527315L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
529831060L,
865178006L,
144678815L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1368494484L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-9851725L,
-15996425L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-13904672L,
-7563622L,
-7171435L,
-476933483L,
-91057514L,
-7171435L,
-644705643L,
613782933L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-846032235L,
-7171435L,
-8217439L,
-16061704L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-12727853L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1030581611L,
311332508L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
109084842L,
-91057515L,
-7171435L,
-12139828L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16649985L,
-7890531L,
-7171435L,
-695037291L,
109084842L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
831689367L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-13970208L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9720911L,
-7171435L,
-1080913258L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
596808338L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-13512485L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-9197652L,
-7171435L,
-1299017067L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
33554431L,
-258829675L,
-7171435L,
-11355453L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16192519L,
-7498343L,
-7171435L,
2089980564L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
-1265462635L,
-7171435L,
-7367273L,
-14950677L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-10897730L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
1049661588L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
630296984L,
-174943595L,
-7171435L,
-8086625L,
-14100766L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16715521L,
-16323077L,
-11028288L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1550741099L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1821545109L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7236971L,
-8740186L,
-10439750L,
-9655375L,
-7825252L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-476933483L,
277843855L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
1385337493L,
-376270187L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-7171435L,
-1332571499L,
395350160L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
344755353L,
1922142614L,
-1533898091L,
-728591723L,
-1080913258L,
-1903062635L,
1284805780L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L,
16777215L
),
.Dim = c(64L, 64L),
class = "nativeRaster",
channels = 4L
)
i.vertex.default <- list(
color = 1,
size = 15,
size2 = 15,
label = i.get.labels,
label.degree = -pi / 4,
label.color = "darkblue",
label.dist = 0,
label.family = "serif",
label.font = 1,
label.cex = 1,
label.angle = 0,
label.adj = NULL,
frame.color = "black",
frame.width = 1,
shape = "circle",
pie = 1,
pie.color = list(c(
"white",
"lightblue",
"mistyrose",
"lightcyan",
"lavender",
"cornsilk"
)),
pie.angle = 45,
pie.density = -1,
pie.lty = 1,
raster = .igraph.logo.raster,
size.scaling = FALSE,
relative.size = c(0.01, 0.025)
)
i.edge.default <- list(
color = "darkgrey",
label = i.get.edge.labels,
lty = 1,
width = 1,
loop.angle = NULL,
loop.angle2 = 0,
label.family = "serif",
label.font = 1,
label.cex = 1,
label.color = "darkblue",
label.x = NULL,
label.y = NULL,
arrow.size = 1,
arrow.mode = i.get.arrow.mode,
curved = curve_multiple,
arrow.width = 1
)
i.plot.default <- list(
palette = categorical_pal(8),
layout = layout_nicely,
margin = c(0, 0, 0, 0),
rescale = TRUE,
asp = 1,
frame = FALSE,
main = i.get.main,
sub = "",
xlab = i.get.xlab,
ylab = ""
)
i.default.values <- new.env()
i.default.values[["vertex"]] <- i.vertex.default
i.default.values[["edge"]] <- i.edge.default
i.default.values[["plot"]] <- i.plot.default
# Rescale vertex size
#
# Rescale the size of the vertex according to the device dimmensions
# By default uses x1 and x2.
#
# @param size Numeric vector with relative sizes.
# @param plot.reg.coords Coordinates of the device.
# @param minmax.relative.size Relative minimum and maximun sizes in terms of
# percent of the device scale.
#
# To use the default values (calling par()), it should be done after calling
# the device and specifying its dimmensions.
i.rescale.vertex <- function(
size,
plot.reg.coords = par("usr")[1:2],
minmax.relative.size
) {
# Adjusting
ran <- range(size, na.rm = TRUE)
scal <- (plot.reg.coords[2] - plot.reg.coords[1]) * minmax.relative.size
size <- (size - ran[1] + 1e-15) /
(ran[2] - ran[1] + 1e-15) *
(scal[2] - scal[1]) +
scal[1]
return(size)
}
i.default.values[["edge"]] <- i.edge.default
i.default.values[["plot"]] <- i.plot.default
#' Using pie charts as vertices in graph plots
#'
#' More complex vertex images can be used to express addtional information
#' about vertices. E.g. pie charts can be used as vertices, to denote vertex
#' classes, fuzzy classification of vertices, etc.
#'
#' The vertex shape \sQuote{pie} makes igraph draw a pie chart for every
#' vertex. There are some extra graphical vertex parameters that specify how
#' the pie charts will look like:
#' \describe{
#' \item{pie}{
#' Numeric vector, gives the sizes of the pie slices.
#' }
#' \item{pie.color}{
#' A list of color vectors to use for the pies.
#' If it is a list of a single vector, then this is used for all pies.
#' It the color vector is shorter than the number of areas in a pie, then it is recycled.
#' }
#' \item{pie.angle}{
#' The slope of shading lines, given as an angle in degrees (counter-clockwise).
#' }
#' \item{pie.density}{
#' The density of the shading lines, in lines per inch.
#' Non-positive values inhibit the drawing of shading lines.
#' }
#' \item{pie.lty}{
#' The line type of the border of the slices.
#' }
#' }
#'
#' @aliases vertex.shape.pie
#' @author Gabor Csardi \email{csardi.gabor@@gmail.com}
#' @seealso [igraph.plotting()], [plot.igraph()]
#' @keywords graphs
#' @examples
#'
#' g <- make_ring(10)
#' values <- lapply(1:10, function(x) sample(1:10, 3))
#'
#' @examplesIf interactive()
#' plot(g,
#' vertex.shape = "pie", vertex.pie = values,
#' vertex.pie.color = list(heat.colors(5)),
#' vertex.size = seq(10, 30, length.out = 10), vertex.label = NA
#' )
#' @rdname vertex.shape.pie
#' @name vertex.shape.pie
NULL
Try the igraph package in your browser
Any scripts or data that you put into this service are public.
R Package Documentation
Browse R Packages
We want your feedback!
Note that we can't provide technical support on individual packages. You should contact the package authors for that.
Embedding an R snippet on your website
Add the following code to your website.
For more information on customizing the embed code, read Embedding Snippets.