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#' Analysis of 1-dimensional frequency tables
#'
#' If hypothprob is absent: prints confidence intervals for the true
#' proportions, a Chi-square test for uniformity, confidence intervals for
#' differences in proportions (no corrections for multiple comparisons and
#' plots the proportions.
#'
#' If hypothprob is present: prints confidence intervals for the true
#' proportions, a Chi-square test for the hypothesized probabilities, and plots
#' the sample proportions (with atached confidence limits) alongside the
#' corresponding hypothesized probabilities. )
#'
#'
#' @param counts A 1-way frequency table as produced by \code{table}.
#' @param hypothprob If present, a set of probabilities to test the cell counts
#' against.
#' @param conf.level confidence level for the confidence interval, expressed as
#' a decimal.
#' @param addCIs If true, adds confidence limits to plot of sample proportions.
#' @param digits used to control rounding of printout.
#' @param arrowwid controls width of arrowheads.
#' @param estimated default is \code{0}. Subtracted from the df for the Chi-square
#' test.
#' @return An invisible list containing the following components: \item{CIs}{a
#' matrix containing the confidence intervals.} \item{exp}{a vector of the
#' expected counts.} \item{chi}{a vector of the components of Chi-square.}
#' @keywords htest
#' @note These confidence intervals have been Bonferroni adjusted for multiple comparisons. This function has been deprecated and will be removed from future versions of the package
#' @examples
#'
#' ##Body image data:
#' data(body.df)
#' eth.table = with(body.df, table(ethnicity))
#' freq1way(eth.table)
#' freq1way(eth.table,hypothprob=c(0.2,0.4,0.3,0.1))
#'
#' @export freq1way
freq1way = function(counts, hypothprob, conf.level = 0.95, addCIs = TRUE, digits = 4, arrowwid = 0.1, estimated = 0){
varname = deparse(substitute(counts))
if (length(dim(counts)) > 1)
stop(paste("freq1way: Dimension of", varname, "greater than 1"))
if (as.integer(estimated) != estimated)
stop("freq1way: estimated must be an integer")
dfs = length(counts) - 1
if ((estimated < 0) | (estimated > dfs))
stop(paste("freq1way: estimated must be between 0 and", dfs))
n = sum(as.vector(counts))
cat("data: ", varname, " n =", n, "\n\n")
ncats = length(counts)
ncatsC2 = choose(ncats, 2)
if ((any(counts != trunc(counts))) | (n < max(30, 5 * ncats)))
warning("Expecting a vector of counts")
if (is.null(names(counts)))
names(counts) = 1:ncats
conf.pc = 100 * conf.level
phat = counts/n
qval = abs(qnorm((1 - conf.level)/(2 * ncats)))
se = sqrt(phat * (1 - phat)/n)
CIs = matrix(c(phat, phat - qval * se, phat + qval * se), ncol = 3, dimnames = list(names(counts), c("sample prop", "conf.lower", "conf.upper")))
if (!missing(hypothprob)) {
if (length(hypothprob) != ncats)
stop("counts and hypothprob must have same length")
CIs = cbind(CIs, hypothprob)
colnames(CIs)[4] = "hypoth prob"
}
cat("Individual (large sample)", paste(conf.pc, "%", sep = ""), "CIs", "\n", "(adjusted for", ncats, "multiple comparisons)", "\n")
print(round(CIs, 3), quote = FALSE)
cat("\n")
if (missing(hypothprob)) {
chitest = chisq.test(counts, p = rep(1, ncats)/ncats)
chitest$p.value = 1 - pchisq(chitest$statistic, dfs - estimated)
cat("Chi-square test for uniformity", "\n ")
} else {
chitest = chisq.test(counts, p = hypothprob)
chitest$p.value = 1 - pchisq(chitest$statistic, dfs - estimated)
names(hypothprob) = names(counts)
cat("Chi-square test for hypothesized probabilities", "\n ")
}
cat(names(chitest$statistic), " = ", format(round(chitest$statistic, 4)), ", ", sep = "")
cat(paste(names(chitest$parameter), " = ", format(round(chitest$parameter - estimated, 3)), ",", sep = ""), "")
cat("p-value =", format.pval(chitest$p.value, digits = digits), "\n")
if (any(chitest$exp < 5))
warning("Chi-square approximation may be incorrect")
cat("\n")
uplim = ifelse(addCIs, max(phat + qval * se), max(phat))
disp = 0
modlength = 1
if (missing(hypothprob)) {
midp = barplot(phat, ylab = "Proportion", main = "Proportions at each level", sub = paste("[freq1way(", varname, ")]"), ylim = c(0, uplim))
if (addCIs)
abline(h = 1/ncats, lty = 2)
} else {
midp = barplot(rbind(phat, hypothprob), beside = TRUE, ylab = "Proportion", main = "Proportions at each level", sub = paste("[freq1way(", varname, ")]"), ylim = c(0, uplim), legend = c("sample", "hypothesis"))[1,
]
disp = 0
modlength = 2
}
if (addCIs)
for (i in 1:length(midp)) arrows(midp[i] - disp, phat[i] - qval * se[i], midp[i] - disp, phat[i] + qval * se[i], code = 3, angle = 45, length = 0.9 * arrowwid/modlength)
if (missing(hypothprob)) {
matw = matrix(NA, ncats - 1, ncats - 1)
namew = names(phat)
dimnames(matw) = list(namew[-length(namew)], namew[-1])
for (i1 in 1:(ncats - 1)) {
for (i2 in 2:ncats) {
tempw = phat[i1] - phat[i2] + abs(qnorm((1 - conf.level)/(2 * ncatsC2))) * c(-1, 1) * sqrt(((phat[i1] + phat[i2]) - ((phat[i1] - phat[i2])^2))/n)
tempw = round(tempw, 3)
matw[i1, i2 - 1] = ifelse((i1 < i2), paste("(", tempw[1], ",", tempw[2], ")", sep = ""), " ")
if ((0 <= tempw[1] | 0 >= tempw[2]) & (i1 < i2))
matw[i1, i2 - 1] = paste(matw[i1, i2 - 1], "*", sep = "")
}
}
cat(paste(conf.pc, "%", sep = ""), "CIs for differences in true proportions (rowname-colname)", "\n", "(adjusted for", ncatsC2, "multiple comparisons)", "\n")
print(matw, quote = FALSE)
}
invisible(list(CIs = CIs[, 1:3], exp = chitest$exp, chi = (counts - chitest$exp)^2/chitest$exp))
}
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