Nothing
circmax <- function(formula, data, subset, na.action,
model = TRUE, y = TRUE, x = FALSE,
control = circmax_control(...), ...) { # '...' arguments go also into circmax_control()
## Call
cl <- match.call()
if(missing(data)) data <- environment(formula)
mf <- match.call(expand.dots = FALSE)
m <- match(c("formula", "data", "subset", "na.action"), names(mf), 0L) # reorder arguments
mf <- mf[c(1L, m)]
mf$drop.unused.levels <- TRUE # dropping unused factor variables in model.frame
## Formula
oformula <- as.formula(formula)
formula <- Formula::as.Formula(formula)
if(length(formula)[2L] < 2L) { # formula consits of lhs (=repsonse) and rhs (=linear predictors)
formula <- Formula::as.Formula(formula(formula), ~ 1)
} else {
if(length(formula)[2L] > 2L) {
formula <- Formula::Formula(formula(formula, rhs = 1L:2L))
warning("formula must not have more than two RHS parts")
}
}
mf$formula <- formula
## Evaluate model.frame
mf[[1L]] <- as.name("model.frame")
mf <- eval(mf, parent.frame())
## Extract terms, model matrix, response
mt <- terms(formula, data = data)
mtX <- terms(formula, data = data, rhs = 1L)
mtZ <- delete.response(terms(formula, data = data, rhs = 2L))
Y <- model.response(mf, "numeric")
X <- model.matrix(mtX, mf)
Z <- model.matrix(mtZ, mf)
## Convert response to values between 0 and 2pi
Y <- Y %% (2 * pi)
## Sanity check
if(length(Y) < 1) stop("empty model")
n <- length(Y)
## Call the actual workhorse: circmax_fit()
rval <- circmax_fit(X, Y, Z, control)
## Further model information
rval$call <- cl
rval$formula <- oformula
rval$terms <- list(location = mtX, concentration = mtZ, full = mt)
rval$levels <- list(location = .getXlevels(mtX, mf),
concentration = .getXlevels(mtZ, mf), full = .getXlevels(mt, mf))
rval$contrasts <- list(location = attr(X, "contrasts"), concentration = attr(Z, "contrasts"))
if(model) rval$model <- mf
if(y) rval$y <- Y
if(x) rval$x <- list(location = X, concentration = Z)
class(rval) <- "circmax"
return(rval)
}
circmax_control <- function(maxit = 5000, start = NULL, method = "Nelder-Mead",
solve_kappa = "Newton-Fourier", gradient = FALSE, hessian = TRUE, ...) {
## Extract control arguments
ctrl <- c(
list(maxit = maxit, start = start, method = method, gradient = gradient,
solve_kappa = solve_kappa, hessian = hessian),
list(...)
)
if(!is.null(ctrl$fnscale)) warning("fnscale must not be modified")
ctrl$fnscale <- 1
if(is.null(ctrl$reltol)) ctrl$reltol <- .Machine$double.eps^(1/1.2)
ctrl
}
circmax_fit <- function(x, y, z = NULL, control) {
## Dimensions
n <- length(y)
if(is.null(z)) z <- matrix(1, n, 1, dimnames = list(rownames(x), "(Intercept)"))
m <- ncol(x)
p <- ncol(z)
stopifnot(n == nrow(x), n == nrow(z))
## clean up control arguments
method <- control$method
gradient <- control$gradient
solve_kappa <- control$solve_kappa
hessian <- control$hessian
control$method <- control$gradient <- control$solve_kappa <- control$hessian <- NULL
## Negative log-likelihood and gradients
nll <- function(par) {
beta <- par[1:m]
gamma <- par[m + (1:p)]
mu <- 2 * atan(x[, 1, drop = FALSE] %*% beta[1]) + 2 * atan(x[, -1, drop = FALSE] %*% beta[-1])
kappa <- exp(z %*% gamma)
ll <- dvonmises(y, mu = mu, kappa = kappa, log = TRUE)
-sum(ll)
}
gr <- function(par) {
beta <- par[1:m]
gamma <- par[m + (1:p)]
mu0 <- 2 * atan(x[, 1, drop = FALSE] %*% beta[1])
if(m > 1){
mu <- 2 * atan(x[, -1, drop = FALSE] %*% beta[-1])
} else {
mu <- 0
}
kappa <- exp(z %*% gamma)
gr_mu0 <- 2 * kappa * sin(y - mu0 - mu) / (tan(mu0 / 2)^2 + 1)
if(m > 1){
gr_mu <- 2 * kappa * sin(y - mu0 - mu) / (tan(mu / 2)^2 + 1)
}
gr_kappa <- kappa * (cos(y - mu0 - mu) -
besselI(kappa, nu = 0, expon.scaled = TRUE) /besselI(kappa, nu = 1, expon.scaled = TRUE))
gr <- numeric(length(par))
gr[1] <- t(x[, 1, drop = FALSE]) %*% gr_mu0
if(m > 1){
gr[2:m] <- t(x[, -1, drop = FALSE]) %*% gr_mu
}
gr[m + (1:p)] <- t(z) %*% gr_kappa
return(-gr)
}
## Starting values (by default zeros)
if(is.null(control$start)) {
## MLE according to Bettina Gruen
circfam <- dist_vonmises()
eta <- circfam$startfun(y, weights = NULL, solve_kappa = solve_kappa)
start <- rep(0, m + p)
start[1] <- eta[1]
start[m + 1] <- eta[2]
} else {
start <- control$start
stopifnot(length(start) == m + p)
}
control$start <- NULL
## Optimization
if(gradient){
if(method != "L-BFGS") warning("switched to method 'L-BFGS-B' to take into 'gradient = TRUE'")
opt <- optim(par = start, fn = nll, control = control, method = "L-BFGS-B", gr = gr, hessian = hessian)
} else {
opt <- optim(par = start, fn = nll, method = method, control = control, hessian = hessian)
}
## Collect information
names(opt)[1:2] <- c("coefficients", "loglik")
opt$coefficients <- list(
location = opt$coefficients[1:m],
concentration = opt$coefficients[m + 1:p]
)
names(opt$coefficients$location) <- colnames(x)
names(opt$coefficients$concentration) <- colnames(z)
opt$loglik <- -opt$loglik
opt$nobs <- n
opt$df <- m + p
return(opt)
}
logLik.circmax <- function(object, ...) {
structure(object$loglik, df = object$df, class = "logLik")
}
coef.circmax <- function(object, model = c("full", "location", "concentration"), ...) {
model <- match.arg(model)
cf <- object$coefficients
switch(model,
"location" = {
cf$location
},
"concentration" = {
cf$concentration
},
"full" = {
structure(c(cf$location, cf$concentration),
.Names = c(names(cf$location), paste("(concentration)", names(cf$concentration), sep = "_")))
}
)
}
print.circmax <- function(x, digits = max(3, getOption("digits") - 3), ...) {
cat("Maximum likelihood estimation for the von Mises distribution\n\n")
if(x$convergence > 0) {
cat("Model did not converge\n")
} else {
if(length(x$coefficients$location)) {
cat("Coefficients (location model with tanhalf link):\n")
print.default(format(x$coefficients$location, digits = digits), print.gap = 2, quote = FALSE)
cat("\n")
} else {
cat("No coefficients (in location model)\n\n")
}
if(length(x$coefficients$concentration)) {
cat("Coefficients (concentration model (density kappa) with log link):\n")
print.default(format(x$coefficients$concentration, digits = digits), print.gap = 2, quote = FALSE)
cat("\n")
} else {
cat("No coefficients (in concentration model)\n\n")
}
cat(paste("Log-likelihood: ", format(x$loglik, digits = digits), "\n", sep = ""))
if(length(x$df)) {
cat(paste("Df: ", format(x$df, digits = digits), "\n", sep = ""))
}
cat("\n")
}
invisible(x)
}
terms.circmax <- function(x, model = c("location", "concentration", "full"), ...) x$terms[[match.arg(model)]]
model.frame.circmax <- function(formula, ...) {
if(!is.null(formula$model)) return(formula$model)
formula$terms <- formula$terms$full
formula$call$formula <- formula$formula <- formula(formula$terms)
NextMethod()
}
model.matrix.circmax <- function(object, model = c("location", "concentration"), ...) {
model <- match.arg(model)
rval <- if(!is.null(object$x[[model]])) object$x[[model]]
else model.matrix(object$terms[[model]], model.frame(object), contrasts = object$contrasts[[model]])
return(rval)
}
predict.circmax <- function(object, newdata = NULL,
type = c("location", "concentration", "parameter"),
na.action = na.pass, ...) {
## Types of prediction
type <- match.arg(type)
## Obtain model.frame/model.matrix
tnam <- switch(type,
"location" = "location",
"concentration" = "concentration",
"full")
if(is.null(newdata)) {
X <- model.matrix(object, model = "location")
Z <- model.matrix(object, model = "concentration")
} else {
mf <- model.frame(delete.response(object$terms[[tnam]]), newdata, na.action = na.action, xlev = object$levels[[tnam]])
if(type != "concentration") X <- model.matrix(delete.response(object$terms$location), mf, contrasts = object$contrasts$location)
if(type != "location") Z <- model.matrix(object$terms$concentration, mf, contrasts = object$contrasts$concentration)
}
## Predicted parameters
if(type != "concentration") location <- drop(2 * atan(X[, 1, drop = FALSE] %*% object$coefficients$location[1])
+ 2 * atan(X[, -1, drop = FALSE] %*% object$coefficients$location[-1]))
if(type != "location") concentration <- exp(drop(Z %*% object$coefficients$concentration))
## Convert location to values between 0 and 2pi
if (type != "concentration") {
location <- location %% (2 * pi)
}
## Compute result
rval <- switch(type,
"location" = location,
"concentration" = concentration,
"parameter" = data.frame(location, concentration)
)
return(rval)
}
estfun.circmax <- function(x, ...){
# FIXME: Check if that is correct.
## Observed data and fit
if(is.null(x$y) || is.null(x$x)) {
mf <- model.frame(x)
x$y <- model.response(mf)
x$x <- list(
"location" = model.matrix(x$terms$location, mf),
"concentration" = model.matrix(x$terms$concentration, mf)
)
}
## Calculate distribution parameters
mu <- drop(2 * atan(x$x$location[, 1, drop = FALSE] %*% x$coefficients$location[1])
+ 2 * atan(x$x$location[, -1, drop = FALSE] %*% x$coefficients$location[-1]))
kappa <- exp(drop(x$x$concentration %*% x$coefficients$concentration))
## Calculate scores
rval <- cbind(
drop(2 * kappa * sin(x$y - mu) / ((tan(mu/2))^2 + 1) ) * x$x$location[, , drop = FALSE],
drop(kappa * (cos(x$y - mu) -
besselI(kappa, nu = 1, expon.scaled = TRUE) / besselI(kappa, nu = 0, expon.scaled = TRUE))) *
x$x$concentration[, , drop = FALSE]
)
## Convert to matrix with nice column names
rval <- as.matrix(rval)
colnames(rval) <- c(colnames(x$x$location),
paste("(concentration)", colnames(x$x$concentration), sep = "_"))
return(rval)
}
vcov.circmax <- function(object, ...){
# FIXME: Check if that is correct, and include analytical hessian.
## Observed data and fit
if(is.null(object$y) || is.null(object$x)) {
mf <- model.frame(object)
object$y <- model.response(mf)
object$x <- list(
"location" = model.matrix(object$terms$location, mf),
"concentration" = model.matrix(object$terms$concentration, mf)
)
}
if (!is.null(object$hessian)){
rval <- solve(as.matrix(object$hessian))
} else {
stop("Restart optimization with 'hessian = TRUE'")
### Calculate distribution parameters
#mu <- drop(2 * atan(object$x$location[, 1, drop = FALSE] %*% object$coefficients$location[1])
# + 2 * atan(object$x$location[, -1, drop = FALSE] %*% object$coefficients$location[-1]))
#kappa <- exp(drop(object$x$concentration %*% object$coefficients$concentration))
### Calculate hessian
#hessian <- cbind(
#)
#rval <- solve(as.matrix(object$hessian))
}
## Convert to matrix with nice column names
rval <- as.matrix(rval)
colnames(rval) <- c(colnames(object$x$location),
paste("(concentration)", colnames(object$x$concentration), sep = "_"))
return(rval)
}
circmax_simulate <- function(n = 1000, beta = c(3, 5, 2), gamma = c(3, 3), seed = 111) {
set.seed(seed)
m <- length(beta) - 1 # here: number of betas minus intercept
p <- length(gamma) -1 # here: number of gammas minus intercept
#d <- sapply(1:(m + p), function(x) rnorm(n, runif(1, 0, 2 * pi), 0.2))
#d <- sapply(1:(m + p), function(x) runif(n, 0, 1))
d <- sapply(1:(m + p), function(x) rnorm(n, 0, 0.2))
colnames(d) <- paste0("x", 1:(m + p))
mu <- 2 * atan(beta[1]) + 2 * atan(crossprod(t(d[, 1:m, drop = FALSE]), beta[-1]))
kappa <- exp(gamma[1] + crossprod(t(d[, m + 1:p, drop = FALSE]), gamma[-1]))
d <- data.frame(d)
d$y <- NULL
for(i in 1:n) {
d[i, "y"] <- circular::rvonmises(1, mu = circular::circular(mu[i]), kappa = kappa[i])
}
return(d)
}
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