linear_RLDA: Regularized Linear Discriminant Analysis

In Rdimtools: Dimension Reduction and Estimation Methods

Regularized Linear Discriminant Analysis

Description

In small sample case, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) may suffer from rank deficiency issue. Applied mathematics has used Tikhonov regularization - also known as \ell_2 regularization/shrinkage - to adjust linear operator. Regularized Linear Discriminant Analysis (RLDA) adopts such idea to stabilize eigendecomposition in LDA formulation.

Usage

do.rlda(X, label, ndim = 2, alpha = 1)

Arguments

X	an (n\times p) matrix or data frame whose rows are observations and columns represent independent variables.
label	a length-n vector of data class labels.
ndim	an integer-valued target dimension.
alpha	Tikhonow regularization parameter.

Value

a named list containing

Y

an (n\times ndim) matrix whose rows are embedded observations.

trfinfo

a list containing information for out-of-sample prediction.

projection

a (p\times ndim) whose columns are basis for projection.

Author(s)

Kisung You

References

\insertRef

friedman_regularized_1989Rdimtools

Examples

## Not run: 
## use iris data
data(iris)
set.seed(100)
subid = sample(1:150, 50)
X     = as.matrix(iris[subid,1:4])
label = as.factor(iris[subid,5])

## try different regularization parameters
out1 <- do.rlda(X, label, alpha=0.001)
out2 <- do.rlda(X, label, alpha=0.01)
out3 <- do.rlda(X, label, alpha=100)

## visualize
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
par(mfrow=c(1,3))
plot(out1$Y, pch=19, col=label, main="RLDA::alpha=0.1")
plot(out2$Y, pch=19, col=label, main="RLDA::alpha=1")
plot(out3$Y, pch=19, col=label, main="RLDA::alpha=10")
par(opar)

## End(Not run)

Rdimtools documentation built on Nov. 5, 2025, 5:28 p.m.