Nothing
R/objects.R
In rayrender: Build and Raytrace 3D Scenes
Defines functions
raymesh_model
extruded_path
mesh3d_model
ply_model
text3d
path
bezier_curve
arrow
cone
extruded_polygon
ellipsoid
segment
cylinder
obj_model
disk
triangle
xz_rect
yz_rect
xy_rect
cube
sphere
Documented in
arrow
bezier_curve
cone
cube
cylinder
disk
ellipsoid
extruded_path
extruded_polygon
mesh3d_model
obj_model
path
ply_model
raymesh_model
segment
sphere
text3d
triangle
xy_rect
xz_rect
yz_rect
#' Sphere Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the sphere.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the sphere.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the sphere.
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the sphere.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the sphere in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a sphere in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(sphere(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2, radius = 100)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a gold sphere in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(sphere(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2, radius = 100,
#' material = microfacet(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, clamp_value = 5)
sphere = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
radius = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "sphere",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(radius = radius),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Cube Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the cube
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the cube
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the cube
#' @param width Default `1`. Cube width.
#' @param xwidth Default `1`. x-width of the cube. Overrides `width` argument for x-axis.
#' @param ywidth Default `1`. y-width of the cube. Overrides `width` argument for y-axis.
#' @param zwidth Default `1`. z-width of the cube. Overrides `width` argument for z-axis.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a cube in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Generate a gold cube in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold", fuzz = 0.2))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a rotated dielectric box in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube(x = 555/2, y = 200, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 100, zwidth = 200, angle = c(-30, 30, -30),
#' material = dielectric())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
cube = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
width = 1,
xwidth = 1,
ywidth = 1,
zwidth = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
xwidth = ifelse(missing(xwidth), width, xwidth)
ywidth = ifelse(missing(ywidth), width, ywidth)
zwidth = ifelse(missing(zwidth), width, zwidth)
boxinfo = c(xwidth, ywidth, zwidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "box",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(boxinfo = boxinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Rectangular XY Plane Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param y Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param xwidth Default `1`. x-width of the rectangle.
#' @param ywidth Default `1`. y-width of the rectangle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the XY plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a purple rectangle in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xy_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2, xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200,
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800), lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a gold plane in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xy_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
xy_rect = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
xwidth = 1,
ywidth = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
rectinfo = c(xwidth, ywidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "xy_rect",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(rectinfo = rectinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Rectangular YZ Plane Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param ywidth Default `1`. y-width of the rectangle.
#' @param zwidth Default `1`. z-width of the rectangle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the YZ plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a purple rectangle in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(yz_rect(x = 100, y = 100, z = 555/2, ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200,
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Generate a gold plane in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(yz_rect(x = 100, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
yz_rect = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
ywidth = 1,
zwidth = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
rectinfo = c(ywidth, zwidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "yz_rect",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(rectinfo = rectinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Rectangular XZ Plane Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param xwidth Default `1`. x-width of the rectangle.
#' @param zwidth Default `1`. z-width of the rectangle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the XZ plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a purple rectangle in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xz_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2, xwidth = 200, zwidth = 200,
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a gold plane in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xz_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
xz_rect = function(
x = 0,
xwidth = 1,
z = 0,
zwidth = 1,
y = 0,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
rectinfo = c(xwidth, zwidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "xz_rect",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(rectinfo = rectinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Triangle Object
#'
#' @param v1 Default `c(1, 0, 0)`. Length-3 vector indicating the x, y, and z coordinate of the first triangle vertex.
#' @param v2 Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. Length-3 vector indicating the x, y, and z coordinate of the second triangle vertex.
#' @param v3 Default `c(-1, 0, 0)`. Length-3 vector indicating the x, y, and z coordinate of the third triangle vertex.
#' @param n1 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector indicating the normal vector associated with the first triangle vertex.
#' @param n2 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector indicating the normal vector associated with the second triangle vertex.
#' @param n3 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector indicating the normal vector associated with the third triangle vertex.
#' @param color1 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector or string indicating the color associated with the first triangle vertex.
#' If NA but other vertices specified, color inherits from material.
#' @param color2 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector or string indicating the color associated with the second triangle vertex.
#' If NA but other vertices specified, color inherits from material.
#' @param color3 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector or string indicating the color associated with the third triangle vertex.
#' If NA but other vertices specified, color inherits from material.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param reversed Default `FALSE`. Similar to the `flipped` argument, but this reverses the handedness of the
#' triangle so it will be oriented in the opposite direction.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the XZ plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a triangle in the Cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(triangle(v1 = c(100, 100, 100), v2 = c(555/2, 455, 455), v3 = c(455, 100, 100),
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Pass individual colors to each vertex:
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(triangle(v1 = c(100, 100, 100), v2 = c(555/2, 455, 455), v3 = c(455, 100, 100),
#' color1 = "green", color2 = "yellow", color3 = "red")) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
triangle = function(
v1 = c(1, 0, 0),
v2 = c(0, 1, 0),
v3 = c(-1, 0, 0),
n1 = rep(NA, 3),
n2 = rep(NA, 3),
n3 = rep(NA, 3),
color1 = rep(NA, 3),
color2 = rep(NA, 3),
color3 = rep(NA, 3),
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
reversed = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (!reversed) {
vertex_vec = c(v1, v2, v3)
normal_vec = c(n1, n2, n3)
} else {
vertex_vec = c(v3, v2, v1)
normal_vec = c(n3, n2, n1)
}
vb = matrix(vertex_vec, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
it = matrix(c(1, 2, 3), nrow = 3, ncol = 1)
if (all(!is.na(normal_vec))) {
normals = matrix(normal_vec, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
} else {
normals = matrix(0, nrow = 3, ncol = 0)
}
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
vertex_colors = FALSE
if (all(!is.na(color1))) {
vertex_colors = TRUE
color1 = convert_color(color1)
}
if (all(!is.na(color2))) {
vertex_colors = TRUE
color2 = convert_color(color2)
}
if (all(!is.na(color3))) {
vertex_colors = TRUE
color3 = convert_color(color3)
}
if (any(is.na(color1)) && any(!is.na(c(color2, color3)))) {
color1 = unlist(material[[1]]$properties)[1:3]
}
if (any(is.na(color2)) && any(!is.na(c(color1, color3)))) {
color2 = unlist(material[[1]]$properties)[1:3]
}
if (any(is.na(color3)) && any(!is.na(c(color1, color2)))) {
color3 = unlist(material[[1]]$properties)[1:3]
}
color_matrix = matrix(
c(color1, color2, color3),
nrow = 3,
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
mesh_obj = list(vb = vb, it = it, normals = normals)
if (vertex_colors) {
mesh_obj$material$color = color_matrix
} else {
mesh_obj$material$color = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 0)
}
class(mesh_obj) = "mesh3d"
mesh_obj$meshColor = ifelse(vertex_colors, "default", "vertex")
mesh3d_model(
mesh_obj,
material = material,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
scale = scale,
flipped = flipped
)
}
#' Disk Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the disk
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the disk
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the disk
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the disk.
#' @param inner_radius Default `0`. Inner radius of the disk.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the disk in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a disk in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(disk(x = 555/2, y = 50, z = 555/2, radius = 150,
#' material = diffuse(color = "orange"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Rotate the disk.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(disk(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2, radius = 150, angle = c(-45, 0, 0),
#' material = diffuse(color = "orange"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) , lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Pass a value for the inner radius.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(disk(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' radius = 150, inner_radius = 75, angle = c(-45, 0, 0),
#' material = diffuse(color = "orange"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
disk = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
radius = 1,
inner_radius = 0,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
info = c(inner_radius)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "disk",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(radius = radius, inner_radius = inner_radius),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' `obj` File Object
#'
#' Load an obj file via a filepath. Currently only supports the diffuse texture with the `texture` argument.
#' Note: light importance sampling currently not supported for this shape.
#'
#' @param filename Filename and path to the `obj` file. Can also be a `txt` file, if it's in the correct `obj` internally.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param scale_obj Default `1`. Amount to scale the model. Use this to scale the object up or down on all axes, as it is
#' more robust to numerical precision errors than the generic scale option.
#' @param load_material Default `TRUE`. Whether to load the obj file material (MTL file). If material for faces
#' aren't specified, the default material will be used (specified by the user in `material`).
#' @param load_textures Default `TRUE`. If `load_material = TRUE`, whether to load textures in the MTL file (versus
#' just using the colors specified for each material).
#' @param load_normals Default `TRUE`. Whether to load the vertex normals if they exist in the OBJ file.
#' @param calculate_consistent_normals Default `TRUE`. Whether to calculate consistent vertex normals to prevent energy
#' loss at edges.
#' @param vertex_colors Default `FALSE`. Set to `TRUE` if the OBJ file has vertex colors to apply them
#' to the model.
#' @param importance_sample_lights Default `TRUE`. Whether to importance sample lights specified in the OBJ material
#' (objects with a non-zero Ke MTL material).
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param displacement_texture Default `""`. File path to the displacement texture.
#' This texture is used to displace the vertices of the mesh based on the texture's pixel values.
#' @param displacement_intensity Default `1`. Intensity of the displacement effect.
#' Higher values result in greater displacement.
#' @param displacement_vector Default `FALSE`. Whether to use vector displacement.
#' If `TRUE`, the displacement texture is interpreted as providing a 3D displacement vector.
#' Otherwise, the texture is interpreted as providing a scalar displacement.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the obj model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Load the included example R object file, by calling the r_obj() function. This
#' #returns the local file path to the `r.txt` obj file. The file extension is "txt"
#' #due to package constraints, but the file contents are identical and it does not
#' #affect the function.
#'
#' #Load the basic 3D R logo with the included materials
#' generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor = "grey50")) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(y = 0.2, filename = rayrender::r_obj(),
#' scale_obj=3)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z = -20, x = 20, y = 20, radius = 10,
#' material = light(intensity = 10))) |>
#' render_scene(parallel = TRUE, samples = 16, aperture = 0.05,
#' sample_method="sobol_blue",
#' fov = 20, lookfrom = c(0, 2, -10))
#'
#' # Smooth a mesh by setting the number of subdivision levels
#' generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor = "grey50")) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(y = 0.2, filename = rayrender::r_obj(),
#' scale_obj=3, subdivision_levels = 3)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z = -20, x = 20, y = 20, radius = 10,
#' material = light(intensity = 10))) |>
#' render_scene(parallel = TRUE, samples = 16, aperture = 0.05,
#' sample_method="sobol_blue",
#' fov = 20, lookfrom = c(0, 2, -10))
#'
#' #Override the materials for each object
#' generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor = "grey50")) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(y = 1.4, filename = rayrender::r_obj(), load_material = FALSE,
#' scale_obj = 1.8, angle=c(10,0,0),
#' material = microfacet(color = "gold", roughness = 0.2))) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(x = 0.9, y = 0, filename = rayrender::r_obj(), load_material = FALSE,
#' scale_obj = 1.8, angle=c(0,20,0),
#' material = diffuse(color = "dodgerblue"))) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(x = -0.9, y = 0, filename = rayrender::r_obj() , load_material = FALSE,
#' scale_obj = 1.8, angle=c(0,-40,0),
#' material = dielectric(attenuation = c(1,0.3,1), priority = 1,
#' attenuation_intensity = 20))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z = -20, x = 20, y = 20, radius = 10,
#' material = light(intensity = 10))) |>
#' render_scene(parallel = TRUE, samples = 16, aperture = 0.05,
#' sample_method="sobol_blue", lookat=c(0,0.5,0),
#' fov = 22, lookfrom = c(0, 2, -10))
#'
obj_model = function(
filename,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
scale_obj = 1,
load_material = TRUE,
load_textures = TRUE,
load_normals = TRUE,
vertex_colors = FALSE,
calculate_consistent_normals = TRUE,
subdivision_levels = 1,
displacement_texture = "",
displacement_intensity = 1,
displacement_vector = FALSE,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
importance_sample_lights = TRUE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (!load_material) {
load_textures = FALSE
}
filename = path.expand(filename)
base_dir = function(x) {
dirname_processed = dirname(x)
if (dirname_processed == ".") {
return("")
} else {
return(dirname_processed)
}
}
displacement_texture = check_image_texture(displacement_texture)
if (subdivision_levels > getOption("rayrender_subdivision_max", 5)) {
stop(
"Default maximum subdivision level set to 5. Did you really mean to set a subdivision level ",
"of ",
subdivision_levels,
"? If so, set `options(rayrender_subdivision_max = ",
subdivision_levels,
")`."
)
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "obj",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
scale_obj = scale_obj,
load_textures = load_textures,
load_material = load_material,
vertex_colors = vertex_colors,
importance_sample_lights = importance_sample_lights,
load_normals = load_normals,
calculate_consistent_normals = calculate_consistent_normals,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
basename = base_dir(filename),
displacement_texture = displacement_texture,
displacement_intensity = displacement_intensity,
displacement_vector = displacement_vector,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = filename,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Cylinder Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the cylinder
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the cylinder
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the cylinder
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the cylinder.
#' @param length Default `1`. Length of the cylinder.
#' @param phi_min Default `0`. Minimum angle around the segment.
#' @param phi_max Default `360`. Maximum angle around the segment.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' @param capped Default `TRUE`. Whether to add caps to the segment. Turned off when using the `light()` material.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cylinder in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a cylinder in the cornell box. Add a cap to both ends.
#'
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cylinder(x = 555/2, y = 250, z = 555/2,
#' length = 300, radius = 100, material = metal())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Rotate the cylinder
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cylinder(x = 555/2, y = 250, z = 555/2,
#' length = 300, radius = 100, angle = c(0, 0, 45),
#' material = diffuse())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' # Only render a subtended arc of the cylinder, flipping the normals.
#' generate_cornell(lightintensity=3) |>
#' add_object(cylinder(x = 555/2, y = 250, z = 555/2, capped = FALSE,
#' length = 300, radius = 100, angle = c(45, 0, 0), phi_min = 0, phi_max = 180,
#' material = diffuse(), flipped = TRUE)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
cylinder = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
radius = 1,
length = 1,
phi_min = 0,
phi_max = 360,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1),
capped = TRUE
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
stopifnot(phi_max > phi_min)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "cylinder",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
radius = radius,
length = length,
phi_min = phi_min * pi / 180,
phi_max = phi_max * pi / 180,
has_cap = capped
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Segment Object
#'
#' Similar to the cylinder object, but specified by start and end points.
#'
#' @param start Default `c(0, -1, 0)`. Start point of the cylinder segment, specifing `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param end Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. End point of the cylinder segment, specifing `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the segment.
#' @param phi_min Default `0`. Minimum angle around the segment.
#' @param phi_max Default `360`. Maximum angle around the segment.
#' @param direction Default `NA`. Alternative to `start` and `end`, specify the direction (via
#' a length-3 vector) of the segment. Segment will be centered at `start`, and the length will be
#' determined by the magnitude of the direction vector.
#' @param from_center Default `TRUE`. If orientation specified via `direction`, setting this argument
#' to `FALSE` will make `start` specify the bottom of the segment, instead of the middle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Notes: this will change the stated start/end position of the segment.
#' Emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @param capped Default `TRUE`. Whether to add caps to the segment. Turned off when using the `light()` material.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the segment in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a segment in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 50)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' # Draw a line graph representing a normal distribution, but with metal:
#' xvals = seq(-3, 3, length.out = 30)
#' yvals = dnorm(xvals)
#'
#' scene_list = list()
#' for(i in 1:(length(xvals) - 1)) {
#' scene_list[[i]] = segment(start = c(555/2 + xvals[i] * 80, yvals[i] * 800, 555/2),
#' end = c(555/2 + xvals[i + 1] * 80, yvals[i + 1] * 800, 555/2),
#' radius = 10,
#' material = metal())
#' }
#' scene_segments = do.call(rbind,scene_list)
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(scene_segments) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Draw the outline of a cube:
#'
#' cube_outline = segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(100, 100, 455), radius = 10) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(100, 455, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(455, 100, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 455), end = c(100, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 455), end = c(455, 100, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 455, 455), end = c(100, 455, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 455, 455), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 455, 100), end = c(455, 100, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 455, 100), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 100, 100), end = c(455, 100, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 100, 455), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 455, 100), end = c(455, 455, 100), radius = 10))
#'
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube_outline) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Shrink and rotate the cube
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(group_objects(cube_outline, pivot_point = c(555/2, 555/2, 555/2),
#' angle = c(45,45,45), scale = c(0.5,0.5,0.5))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
segment = function(
start = c(0, -1, 0),
end = c(0, 1, 0),
radius = 0.1,
phi_min = 0,
phi_max = 360,
from_center = TRUE,
direction = NA,
material = diffuse(),
capped = TRUE,
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
stopifnot(phi_max > phi_min)
if (all(!is.na(direction)) && length(direction) == 3) {
if (from_center) {
new_start = start - direction / 2
new_end = start + direction / 2
} else {
new_start = start
new_end = start + direction
}
start = new_start
end = new_end
}
x = (start[1] + end[1]) / 2
y = (start[2] + end[2]) / 2
z = (start[3] + end[3]) / 2
order_rotation = c(3, 2, 1)
phi = atan2(as.numeric(end[1] - start[1]), as.numeric(end[3] - start[3])) /
pi *
180 +
90
# cap_int = ifelse(capped, 1, 0)
length_xy = sqrt((end[1] - start[1])^2 + (end[3] - start[3])^2)
if (end[1] == start[1] && end[3] == start[3]) {
theta = 0
} else {
theta = atan2(length_xy, (end[2] - start[2])) / pi * 180
}
fulllength = sqrt(sum((end - start)^2))
angle = c(0, phi, theta)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "cylinder",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
radius = radius,
length = fulllength,
phi_min = phi_min * pi / 180,
phi_max = phi_max * pi / 180,
has_cap = capped
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Ellipsoid Object
#'
#' Note: this is just a scaled sphere.
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the ellipsoid.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the ellipsoid.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the ellipsoid.
#' @param a Default `1`. Principal x-axis of the ellipsoid.
#' @param b Default `1`. Principal y-axis of the ellipsoid.
#' @param c Default `1`. Principal z-axis of the ellipsoid.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the ellipsoid in the scene.
#' @export
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate an ellipsoid in a Cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(ellipsoid(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' a = 100, b = 50, c = 50)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Change the axes to make it taller rather than wide:
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(ellipsoid(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' a = 100, b = 200, c = 100, material = metal())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Rotate it and make it dielectric:
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(ellipsoid(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' a = 100, b = 200, c = 100, angle = c(0, 0, 45),
#' material = dielectric())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
ellipsoid = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
a = 1,
b = 1,
c = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
return(sphere(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
scale = c(a, b, c) * scale,
material = material,
angle = angle,
flipped = flipped,
order_rotation = order_rotation
))
}
#' Extruded Polygon Object
#'
#' @param polygon `sf` object, "SpatialPolygon" `sp` object, or xy coordinates
#' of polygon represented in a way that can be processed by `xy.coords()`. If
#' xy-coordinate based polygons are open, they will be closed by adding an
#' edge from the last point to the first. If the `sf` object contains MULTIPOLYGONZ data, it will
#' flattened.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the extruded model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the extruded model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the extruded model.
#' @param plane Default `xz`. The plane the polygon is drawn in. All possibile orientations
#' are `xz`, `zx`, `xy`, `yx`, `yz`, and `zy`.
#' @param top Default `1`. Extruded top distance. If this equals `bottom`, the polygon will not be
#' extruded and just the one side will be rendered.
#' @param bottom Default `0`. Extruded bottom distance. If this equals `top`, the polygon will not be
#' extruded and just the one side will be rendered.
#' @param holes Default `0`. If passing in a polygon directly, this specifies which index represents
#' the holes in the polygon. See the `earcut` function in the `decido` package for more information.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param center Default `FALSE`. Whether to center the polygon at the origin.
#' @param flip_horizontal Default `FALSE`. Flip polygon horizontally in the plane defined by `plane`.
#' @param flip_vertical Default `FALSE`. Flip polygon vertically in the plane defined by `plane`.
#' @param data_column_top Default `NULL`. A string indicating the column in the `sf` object to use
#' to specify the top of the extruded polygon.
#' @param data_column_bottom Default `NULL`. A string indicating the column in the `sf` object to use
#' to specify the bottom of the extruded polygon.
#' @param scale_data Default `1`. If specifying `data_column_top` or `data_column_bottom`, how
#' much to scale that value when rendering.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Multiple row tibble describing the extruded polygon in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' angles = seq(0, 360, by = 36)
#' xx = rev(c(rep(c(1, 0.5), 5), 1) * sinpi(angles / 180))
#' yy = rev(c(rep(c(1, 0.5), 5), 1) * cospi(angles / 180))
#' star_polygon = data.frame(x = xx, y = yy)
#'
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = 0,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' star_polygon,
#' top = 0.5,
#' bottom = 0,
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 4,
#' x = -3,
#' z = -3,
#' material = light(intensity = 30)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 2, 3),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0.5, 0),
#' fov = 60
#' )
#'
#'#Now, let's add a hole to the center of the polygon. We'll make the polygon
#'#hollow by shrinking it, combining it with the normal size polygon,
#'#and specify with the `holes` argument that everything after `nrow(star_polygon)`
#'#in the following should be used to draw a hole:
#'
#' hollow_star = rbind(star_polygon, 0.8 * star_polygon)
#'
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 4,
#' x = -3,
#' z = -3,
#' material = light(intensity = 30)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 2, 4),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0, 0),
#' fov = 30
#' )
#'
#'# Render one in the y-x plane as well by changing the `plane` argument,
#'# as well as offset it slightly.
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon),
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' y = 1.2,
#' z = -1.2,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' plane = "yx",
#' material = diffuse(color = "green", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y = 4, x = -3, material = light(intensity = 30))) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 2, 4),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0.9, 0),
#' fov = 40
#' )
#'
#'# Now add the zy plane:
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' y = 1.2,
#' z = -1.2,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' plane = "yx",
#' material = diffuse(color = "green", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' y = 1.2,
#' x = 1.2,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' plane = "zy",
#' material = diffuse(color = "blue", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y = 4, x = 3, material = light(intensity = 30))) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(4, 2, 4),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0.9, 0),
#' fov = 40
#' )
#'
#'#We can also directly pass in sf polygons:
#' if (length(find.package("spData", quiet = TRUE)) > 0) {
#' us_states = spData::us_states
#' texas = us_states[us_states$NAME == "Texas", ]
#' #Fix no sfc class in us_states geometry data
#' class(texas$geometry) = c("list", "sfc")
#' }
#'
#'#This uses the raw coordinates, unless `center = TRUE`, which centers the bounding box
#'#of the polygon at the origin.
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' texas,
#' center = TRUE,
#' material = diffuse(color = "#ff2222", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = -30,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "lightblue", intensity = 40)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 10, -10),
#' samples = 16,
#' fov = 60
#' )
#'
#'#Here we use the raw coordinates, but offset the polygon manually.
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' us_states,
#' x = 96,
#' z = -40,
#' top = 2,
#' material = diffuse(color = "#ff2222", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = -100,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "dodgerblue", intensity = 200)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = 100,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "orange", intensity = 200)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 120, -120),
#' samples = 160,
#' fov = 20
#' )
#'
#'#We can also set the map the height of each polygon to a column in the sf object,
#'#scaling it down by the maximum population state.
#'
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = 0,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20", sigma = 90)
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' us_states,
#' x = 96,
#' z = -45,
#' data_column_top = "total_pop_15",
#' scale_data = 1 / max(us_states$total_pop_15) * 5,
#' material = diffuse(color = "#ff2222", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = -100,
#' z = 60,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "dodgerblue", intensity = 250)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = 100,
#' z = -60,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "orange", intensity = 200)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(60, 50, -40),
#' lookat = c(0, -5, 0),
#' samples = 160,
#' fov = 30
#' )
extruded_polygon = function(
polygon = NULL,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
plane = "xz",
top = 1,
bottom = 0,
holes = NULL,
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
material = diffuse(),
center = FALSE,
flip_horizontal = FALSE,
flip_vertical = FALSE,
data_column_top = NULL,
data_column_bottom = NULL,
scale_data = 1,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
reversed = FALSE
if (!is.character(plane) || length(plane) != 1L || is.na(plane)) {
stop("plane must be scalar character and not NA")
}
if (tolower(plane) %in% c("xy", "yx", "xz", "zx", "zy", "yz")) {
if (plane == "xz") {
planeval = 1
reversed = TRUE
} else if (plane == "zx") {
planeval = 2
} else if (plane == "xy") {
planeval = 3
reversed = TRUE
} else if (plane == "yx") {
planeval = 4
} else if (plane == "zy") {
planeval = 5
reversed = TRUE
} else if (plane == "yz") {
planeval = 6
}
} else {
stop("Plane ", plane, " not recognized.")
}
permute_axes = function(x, plane_val) {
if (plane_val == 1) {
return(x)
}
if (plane_val == 2) {
return(x[c(3, 2, 1)])
}
if (plane_val == 3) {
return(x[c(3, 1, 2)])
}
if (plane_val == 4) {
return(x[c(1, 3, 2)])
}
if (plane_val == 5) {
return(x[c(2, 3, 1)])
}
if (plane_val == 6) {
return(x[c(2, 1, 3)])
}
}
if (top == bottom) {
extruded = FALSE
} else {
extruded = TRUE
}
x_off = -x
y_off = y
z_off = z
poly_list = list()
vertex_list = list()
height_list = list()
bottom_list = list()
holes_start_i_list = list()
base_poly = FALSE
counter = 1
if (inherits(polygon, "sf")) {
if (length(find.package("sf", quiet = TRUE)) == 0) {
stop("sf package required when handling sf objects")
}
poly_info = sf::st_drop_geometry(polygon)
#Remove z dimension from multipolygon z geometry
if (ncol(as.matrix(sf::st_geometry(polygon)[[1]])) == 3) {
polygon = sf::as_Spatial(sf::st_zm(polygon))
} else {
polygon = sf::as_Spatial(polygon)
}
if (!is.null(data_column_top)) {
if (data_column_top %in% colnames(poly_info)) {
data_vals_top = poly_info[[data_column_top]] * scale_data
} else {
warning(
"Was not able to find data_column_top `",
data_column_top,
"` in sf object."
)
data_vals_top = rep(top, nrow(poly_info))
}
} else {
data_vals_top = rep(top, nrow(poly_info))
}
if (!is.null(data_column_bottom)) {
if (data_column_bottom %in% colnames(poly_info)) {
data_vals_bottom = poly_info[[data_column_bottom]] * scale_data
} else {
warning(
"Was not able to find data_column_top `",
data_column_bottom,
"` in sf object."
)
data_vals_bottom = rep(bottom, nrow(poly_info))
}
} else {
data_vals_bottom = rep(bottom, nrow(poly_info))
}
} else if (
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame") ||
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygons")
) {
data_vals_top = rep(top, nrow(polygon))
data_vals_bottom = rep(bottom, nrow(polygon))
} else {
xylist = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon)
data_vals_top = top[1]
data_vals_bottom = bottom[1]
}
if (
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame") ||
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygons")
) {
if (!is.null(holes)) {
warning("holes is not NULL, but is unused when input is sf or Spatial")
}
coord_data = raster::geom(polygon) # See ?raster::geom for col meaning
coord_data = coord_data[order(coord_data[, 1], coord_data[, 2]), ] # just in case
# Holes are only holes if every hole value of `part` column (col 2) is a
# hole to match original code (seems like it should always be true?).
opart = interaction(coord_data[, 1], coord_data[, 2], drop = TRUE)
coord_data[, 4] = stats::ave(coord_data[, 4], opart, FUN = min)
# Every `part` is considered a polygon, unless it is a hole, in which case
# it is assumed to be a hole in the nearest preceding non-hole polygon.
object = coord_data[, 1]
object_new = coord_data[, 3]
object_new[coord_data[, 4] == 1] = min(coord_data[, 3]) - 1L
object_new = cummax(object_new)
coord_data[, 1] = object_new
# give distinct hole ids instead of just 0,1 flag
coord_data[, 4] = coord_data[, 4] * coord_data[, 3]
# remap the new object id to old to get height data
obj_new_len = rle(object_new)[['lengths']]
obj_map_id = object[c(1L, cumsum(obj_new_len)[-length(obj_new_len)] + 1L)]
height_list = as.list(data_vals_top[obj_map_id]) # list for compatibility
bottom_list = as.list(data_vals_bottom[obj_map_id])
poly_list = unname(split.data.frame(
coord_data[, c(5, 6, 4, 2)],
coord_data[, 1]
))
# assume that all holes are after all outer polygons
holes_start_i_list = lapply(
poly_list,
function(x) {
if (!any(x[, 3] > 0)) {
# no hole
0
} else {
which(
c(TRUE, diff(x[, 4]) > 0) & # start position of each "part"
x[, 3] > 0 # that correspond to holes
)
}
}
)
} else {
base_poly = TRUE
xylist = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon)
x = xylist$x
y = xylist$y
if (is.null(holes) || holes == 0) {
holes = 0
} else if (!is.numeric(holes) || anyNA(as.integer(holes))) {
stop("holes must be integer")
} else if (
any(holes < 0L) ||
any(holes > length(x)) ||
(any(holes == 0L) && length(holes) != 1L)
) {
stop("holes must be zero, or contain indices to polygon vertices")
} else if (any(holes < 4)) {
stop(
"holes cannot begin before vertex 4. Hole index here starts at: ",
min(holes)
)
}
holes = as.integer(holes)
# label each vertex with a hole id
if (isTRUE(holes == 0)) {
xy_dat = data.frame(x, y, holes = 0L)
} else {
xy_dat = data.frame(x, y, holes = cumsum(seq_along(x) %in% holes))
}
# close polygons if not closed, must do so for outer and each hole;
# sf and Spatial polygons should be closed
xy_dat_split = split(xy_dat, xy_dat[['holes']])
close_poly = function(dat) {
if (!all(dat[1L, ] == dat[nrow(dat), ])) {
dat[c(seq_len(nrow(dat)), 1L), ]
} else {
dat
}
}
xy_dat_closed = lapply(xy_dat_split, close_poly)
xy_dat_len = vapply(xy_dat_closed, nrow, 0)
holes = if (length(xy_dat_closed) > 1) {
cumsum(xy_dat_len[-length(xy_dat_closed)]) + 1L
} else {
0L
}
xy_dat_fin = do.call(rbind, xy_dat_closed)
rownames(xy_dat_fin) = NULL
holes_start_i_list[[1]] = holes # hole indices for decido::earcut
poly_list[[1]] = as.matrix(xy_dat_fin)
height_list[[1]] = data_vals_top
bottom_list[[1]] = data_vals_bottom
}
# Processing common to base and SF: flip/earcut/center
for (i in seq_along(poly_list)) {
poly_list[[i]][, 1] = -poly_list[[i]][, 1]
if (flip_horizontal) {
poly_list[[i]][, 1] = -poly_list[[i]][, 1]
}
if (flip_vertical) {
poly_list[[i]][, 2] = -poly_list[[i]][, 2]
}
vertex_list[[i]] = matrix(
decido::earcut(poly_list[[i]][, 1:2], holes = holes_start_i_list[[i]]),
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
}
if (center) {
all_vertices = do.call(rbind, poly_list)
middle_x = (max(all_vertices[, 1]) + min(all_vertices[, 1])) / 2
middle_y = (max(all_vertices[, 2]) + min(all_vertices[, 2])) / 2
for (i in seq_along(poly_list)) {
poly_list[[i]][, 1] = poly_list[[i]][, 1] - middle_x
poly_list[[i]][, 2] = poly_list[[i]][, 2] - middle_y
}
}
counter = 1
vert_list = list()
idx_list = list()
idx_counter = rev(c(1, 2, 3))
for (poly in 1:length(poly_list)) {
x = poly_list[[poly]][, 1]
y = poly_list[[poly]][, 2]
vertices = vertex_list[[poly]]
height_poly = height_list[[poly]]
bottom_poly = bottom_list[[poly]]
for (i in 1:nrow(vertices)) {
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 3]], bottom_poly, y[vertices[i, 3]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 2]], bottom_poly, y[vertices[i, 2]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 1]], bottom_poly, y[vertices[i, 1]]),
planeval
)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
if (extruded) {
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 1]], height_poly, y[vertices[i, 1]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 2]], height_poly, y[vertices[i, 2]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 3]], height_poly, y[vertices[i, 3]]),
planeval
)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
}
}
holes = poly_list[[poly]][, 3]
hole_n = table(holes)
if (hole_n[1L] < 4L) {
stop(
"outer polygon for polygon ",
poly,
" only has ",
hole_n[1L],
" vertices including the closing vertex; needs at least 4."
)
} else if (any(hole_n[-1L] < 4L)) {
stop(
"hole polygon(s) ",
paste0(names(hole_n[-1L])[hole_n[-1L] < 4L], collapse = ", "),
" for poly ",
poly,
" do not have at least 4 vertices ",
"including the closing vertex."
)
}
if (extruded) {
for (polyv in split(seq_along(x), holes)) {
# Find which direction polygon is wound by computing signed area,
# assumes non-intersecting polygon (side is a closed polygon). CW
# outer polygon need to flip sides, as do CCW holes
i = polyv[seq_len(length(polyv) - 1L)]
ii = polyv[seq_len(length(polyv) - 1L) + 1L] # i + 1
area_s = sum(x[i] * y[ii] - x[ii] * y[i]) / 2
ccw = area_s >= 0 # treat degenerates as counter-clockwise
side_rev = ((holes[polyv[1L]] == 0L && !ccw) ||
(holes[polyv[1L]] != 0L && ccw))
for (i in seq_len(length(polyv) - 1L)) {
# polygons are closed
xi = x[polyv[i]] # vertex i
yi = y[polyv[i]]
xii = x[polyv[i + 1L]] # vertex i + 1
yii = y[polyv[i + 1L]]
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale * permute_axes(c(xi, height_poly, yi), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xi, bottom_poly, yi), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xii, bottom_poly, yii), planeval)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
if (!xor(reversed, side_rev)) {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(rev(idx_counter), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
} else {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
}
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale * permute_axes(c(xi, height_poly, yi), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xii, bottom_poly, yii), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xii, height_poly, yii), planeval)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
if (!xor(reversed, side_rev)) {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(rev(idx_counter), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
} else {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
}
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
}
}
}
}
v_mat = do.call(rbind, vert_list)
i_mat = do.call(rbind, idx_list)
mesh = list()
mesh$vb = t(v_mat)
mesh$it = t(i_mat)
class(mesh) = "mesh3d"
return(mesh3d_model(
mesh,
x = x_off,
y = y_off,
z = z_off,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
override_material = TRUE,
material = material
))
}
#' Cone Object
#'
#'
#' @param start Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Base of the cone, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param end Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. Tip of the cone, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the bottom of the cone.
#' @param direction Default `NA`. Alternative to `start` and `end`, specify the direction (via
#' a length-3 vector) of the cone. Cone will be centered at `start`, and the length will be
#' determined by the magnitude of the direction vector.
#' @param from_center Default `TRUE`. If orientation specified via `direction`, setting this argument
#' to `FALSE` will make `start` specify the bottom of the cone, instead of the middle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Rotation angle. Note: This will change the `start` and `end` coordinates.
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Notes: this will change the stated start/end position of the cone.
#' Emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cone in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a cone in a studio, pointing upwards:
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(0,-1,0), end=c(0,1,0), radius=1,material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,clamp_value=10)
#' #Change the radius, length, and direction
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(0,0,0), end=c(0,-1,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,clamp_value=10)
#' #Give custom start and end points (and customize the color/texture)
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(-1,0.5,-1), end=c(0,0,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(1,0.5,-1), end=c(0,0,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(0,1,-1), end=c(0,0,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="orange"))) |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(-1,-0.5,0), end=c(1,-0.5,0), radius=0.25,
#' material = diffuse(color="red",gradient_color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,clamp_value=10)
#' #Specify cone via direction and location, instead of start and end positions
#' #Length is derived from the magnitude of the direction.
#' gold_mat = microfacet(roughness=0.1,eta=c(0.216,0.42833,1.3184), kappa=c(3.239,2.4599,1.8661))
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(-1,0,0), direction = c(-0.5,0.5,0), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(1,0,0), direction = c(0.5,0.5,0), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,0,-1), direction = c(0,0.5,-0.5), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,0,1), direction = c(0,0.5,0.5), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,material=light())) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,x=-3,z=-3,material=light(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,x=3,z=-3,material=light(color="green"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom=c(0,4,-10), clamp_value=10, samples=16)
#' #Render the position from the base, instead of the center of the cone:
#' noise_mat = material = glossy(color="purple",noisecolor="blue", noise=5)
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,-1,0), from_center = FALSE, radius=1, direction = c(0,2,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(-1.5,-1,0), from_center = FALSE, radius=0.5, direction = c(0,1,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(1.5,-1,0), from_center = FALSE, radius=0.5, direction = c(0,1,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,-1,1.5), from_center = FALSE, radius=0.5, direction = c(0,1,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom=c(0,4,-10), clamp_value=10,fov=25, samples=16)
cone = function(
start = c(0, 0, 0),
end = c(0, 1, 0),
radius = 0.5,
direction = NA,
from_center = TRUE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
return(raymesh_model(
rayvertex::cone_mesh(
start = start,
end = end,
radius = radius,
direction = direction,
from_center = from_center
),
material = material,
angle = angle,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
))
}
#' Arrow Object
#'
#' Composite object (cone + segment)
#'
#' @param start Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Base of the arrow, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param end Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. Tip of the arrow, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param radius_top Default `0.5`. Radius of the top of the arrow.
#' @param radius_tail Default `0.2`. Radius of the tail of the arrow.
#' @param tail_proportion Default `0.5`. Proportion of the arrow that is the tail.
#' @param direction Default `NA`. Alternative to `start` and `end`, specify the direction (via
#' a length-3 vector) of the arrow. Arrow will be centered at `start`, and the length will be
#' determined by the magnitude of the direction vector.
#' @param from_center Default `TRUE`. If orientation specified via `direction`, setting this argument
#' to `FALSE` will make `start` specify the bottom of the cone, instead of the middle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Notes: this will change the stated start/end position of the cone.
#' Emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cone in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Draw a simple arrow from x = -1 to x = 1
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,0,0), end = c(1,0,0), material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,material=light(intensity=20))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, samples=16)
#' #Change the proportion of tail to top
#' generate_studio(depth=-2) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,-1,0), end = c(1,-1,0), tail_proportion = 0.5,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,0,0), end = c(1,0,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,1,0), end = c(1,1,0), tail_proportion = 0.9,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, fov=25, samples=16)
#' #Change the radius of the tail/top segments
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,-1,0), end = c(1,-1,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' radius_top = 0.1, radius_tail=0.03,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,0,0), end = c(1,0,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' radius_top = 0.2, radius_tail=0.1,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,1,0), end = c(1,1,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' radius_top = 0.3, radius_tail=0.2,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, samples=16)
#' #We can also specify arrows via a midpoint and direction:
#' generate_studio(depth=-1) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,-0.5,0), direction = c(0,0,1),
#' material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(1,-0.5,0), direction = c(0,0,-1),
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(0,-0.5,1), direction = c(1,0,0),
#' material=glossy(color="yellow"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(0,-0.5,-1), direction = c(-1,0,0),
#' material=glossy(color="purple"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, samples=16,
#' lookfrom=c(0,5,10), lookat=c(0,-0.5,0), fov=16)
#' #Plot a 3D vector field for a gravitational well:
#'
#' r = 1.5
#' theta_vals = seq(0,2*pi,length.out = 16)[-16]
#' phi_vals = seq(0,pi,length.out = 16)[-16][-1]
#' arrow_list = list()
#' counter = 1
#' for(theta in theta_vals) {
#' for(phi in phi_vals) {
#' rval = c(r*sin(phi)*cos(theta),r*cos(phi),r*sin(phi)*sin(theta))
#' arrow_list[[counter]] = arrow(rval, direction = -1/2*rval/sqrt(sum(rval*rval))^3,
#' tail_proportion = 0.66, radius_top=0.03, radius_tail=0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color="red"))
#' counter = counter + 1
#' }
#' }
#' vector_field = do.call(rbind,arrow_list)
#' sphere(material=diffuse(noise=1,color="blue",noisecolor="darkgreen")) |>
#' add_object(vector_field) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=0,x=10,z=-5,material=light(intensity=200))) |>
#' render_scene(fov=20, ambient=TRUE, samples=16,
#' backgroundlow="black",backgroundhigh="white")
arrow = function(
start = c(0, 0, 0),
end = c(0, 1, 0),
radius_top = 0.2,
radius_tail = 0.1,
tail_proportion = 0.5,
direction = NA,
from_center = TRUE,
material = diffuse(),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
stopifnot(tail_proportion > 0 && tail_proportion < 1)
head_proportion = 1 - tail_proportion
from_direction = TRUE
if (any(is.na(direction)) || length(direction) != 3) {
direction = end - start
from_direction = FALSE
}
if (from_center && from_direction) {
start = start - direction / 2
}
start_segment = start
end_segment = start + direction * tail_proportion
start_tip = end_segment - direction / 100
end_tip = start + direction + direction / 100
segment(
start = start_segment,
end = end_segment,
radius = radius_tail,
material = material,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
) |>
add_object(cone(
start = start_tip,
end = end_tip,
radius = radius_top,
material = material,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
))
}
#' Bezier Curve Object
#'
#' Bezier curve, defined by 4 control points.
#'
#' @param p1 Default `c(0,0,0)`. First control point. Can also be a list of 4 length-3 numeric vectors
#' or 4x3 matrix/data.frame specifying the x/y/z control points.
#' @param p2 Default `c(-1,0.33,0)`. Second control point.
#' @param p3 Default `c(1,0.66,0)`. Third control point.
#' @param p4 Default `c(0,1,0)`. Fourth control point.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate offset for the curve.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate offset for the curve.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate offset for the curve.
#' @param width Default `0.1`. Curve width.
#' @param width_end Default `NA`. Width at end of path. Same as `width`, unless specified.
#' @param u_min Default `0`. Minimum parametric coordinate for the curve.
#' @param u_max Default `1`. Maximum parametric coordinate for the curve.
#' @param type Default `cylinder`. Other options are `flat` and `ribbon`.
#' @param normal Default `c(0,0,-1)`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves.
#' @param normal_end Default `NA`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves. If not
#' specified, same as `normal`.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate the default curve:
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=13,
#' samples=16)
#'
#' #Change the control points to change the direction of the curve. Here, we place spheres
#' #at the control point locations.
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,x=-1,y=0.33,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,x=1,y=0.66,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,y=1,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=15,
#' samples=16)
#' #We can make the curve flat (always facing the camera) by setting the type to `flat`
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(type="flat", material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=13,
#' samples=16)
#' #We can also plot a ribbon, which is further specified by a start and end orientation with
#' #two surface normals.
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(type="ribbon", width=0.2,
#' p1 = c(0,0,0), p2 = c(0,0.33,0), p3 = c(0,0.66,0), p4 = c(0.3,1,0),
#' normal_end = c(0,0,1),
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=13,
#' samples=16)
#' #Create a single curve and copy and rotate it around the y-axis to create a wavy fountain effect:
#' scene_curves = list()
#' for(i in 1:90) {
#' scene_curves[[i]] = bezier_curve(p1 = c(0,0,0),p2 = c(0,5-sinpi(i*16/180),2),
#' p3 = c(0,5-0.5 * sinpi(i*16/180),4),p4 = c(0,0,6),
#' angle=c(0,i*4,0), type="cylinder",
#' width = 0.1, width_end =0.1,material=glossy(color="red"))
#' }
#' all_curves = do.call(rbind, scene_curves)
#' generate_ground(depth=0,material=diffuse(checkercolor="grey20")) |>
#' add_object(all_curves) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=7,z=0,x=0,material=light(intensity=100))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(12,20,50),samples=100,
#' lookat=c(0,1,0), fov=15, clamp_value = 10)
#'
bezier_curve = function(
p1 = c(0, 0, 0),
p2 = c(-1, 0.33, 0),
p3 = c(1, 0.66, 0),
p4 = c(0, 1, 0),
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
width = 0.1,
width_end = NA,
u_min = 0,
u_max = 1,
type = "cylinder",
normal = c(0, 0, -1),
normal_end = NA,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (inherits(p1, "list")) {
stopifnot(length(p1) == 4 && all(lapply(p1, (function(x) length(x) == 3))))
p1 = do.call(rbind, p1)
}
if (inherits(p1, "matrix") || inherits(p1, "data.frame")) {
if (dim(p1)[1] == 4 && dim(p1)[2] == 3) {
p2 = p1[2, ]
p3 = p1[3, ]
p4 = p1[4, ]
p1 = p1[1, ]
}
}
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (is.na(width_end)) {
width_end = width
}
stopifnot(u_min < u_max)
stopifnot(length(width) == 1 && is.numeric(width))
stopifnot(length(width_end) == 1 && is.numeric(width_end))
if (all(!is.na(normal)) && all(is.na(normal_end))) {
normal_end = normal
}
if (all(!is.na(normal)) || all(!is.na(normal_end))) {
stopifnot(length(normal) == 3 && is.numeric(normal))
stopifnot(length(normal_end) == 3 && is.numeric(normal_end))
}
if (material[[1]]$type == "hair") {
type = "flat"
}
if (all(is.na(normal)) || type == "cylinder" || type == "flat") {
normal = c(0, 0, 0)
normal_end = c(0, 0, 0)
}
curvetype = unlist(lapply(
tolower(type),
switch,
"flat" = 1,
"cylinder" = 2,
"ribbon" = 3
))
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "curve",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
p1 = p1,
p2 = p2,
p3 = p3,
p4 = p4,
width = width,
width_end = width_end,
u_min = u_min,
u_max = u_max,
curvetype = curvetype,
normal = normal,
normal_end = normal_end
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Path Object
#'
#' Either a closed or open path made up of bezier curves that go through the specified points
#' (with continuous first and second derivatives), or straight line segments.
#'
#' @param points Either a list of length-3 numeric vectors or 3-column matrix/data.frame specifying
#' the x/y/z points that the path should go through.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param closed Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, the path will be closed by smoothly connecting the first
#' and last points.
#' @param closed_smooth Default `TRUE`. If `closed = TRUE`, this will ensure C2 (second derivative)
#' continuity between the ends. If `closed = FALSE`, the curve will only have C1 (first derivative)
#' continuity between the ends.
#' @param straight Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, straight lines will be used to connect the points instead
#' of bezier curves.
#' @param precomputed_control_points Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, `points` argument will expect
#' a list of control points calculated with the internal rayrender function `rayrender:::calculate_control_points()`.
#' @param width Default `0.1`. Curve width.
#' @param width_end Default `NA`. Width at end of path. Same as `width`, unless specified.
#' @param u_min Default `0`. Minimum parametric coordinate for the path.
#' @param u_max Default `1`. Maximum parametric coordinate for the path.
#' @param type Default `cylinder`. Other options are `flat` and `ribbon`.
#' @param normal Default `c(0,0,-1)`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves.
#' @param normal_end Default `NA`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves. If not
#' specified, same as `normal`.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a wavy line, showing the line goes through the specified points:
#' wave = list(c(-2,1,0),c(-1,-1,0),c(0,1,0),c(1,-1,0),c(2,1,0))
#' point_mat = glossy(color="green")
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points = wave,material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=-2,y=1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=-1,y=-1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=0,y=1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=1,y=-1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=2,y=1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z=-5,x=5,y=5,radius=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10,fov=30)
#' #Here we use straight lines by setting `straight = TRUE`:
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points = wave,straight = TRUE, material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z=-5,x=5,y=5,radius=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10,fov=30)
#' #We can also pass a matrix of values, specifying the x/y/z coordinates. Here,
#' #we'll create a random curve:
#' set.seed(21)
#' random_mat = matrix(runif(3*9)*2-1, ncol=3)
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points=random_mat, material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,radius=1,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #We can ensure the curve is closed by setting `closed = TRUE`
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points=random_mat, closed = TRUE, material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,radius=1,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Finally, let's render a pretzel to show how you can render just a subset of the curve:
#' pretzel = list(c(-0.8,-0.5,0.1),c(0,-0.2,-0.1),c(0,0.3,0.1),c(-0.5,0.5,0.1), c(-0.6,-0.5,-0.1),
#' c(0,-0.8,-0.1),
#' c(0.6,-0.5,-0.1),c(0.5,0.5,-0.1), c(0,0.3,-0.1),c(-0,-0.2,0.1), c(0.8,-0.5,0.1))
#'
#' #Render the full pretzel:
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Here, we'll render only the first third of the pretzel by setting `u_max = 0.33`
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_max=0.33, material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Here's the last third, by setting `u_min = 0.66`
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_min=0.66, material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Here's the full pretzel, decomposed into thirds using the u_min and u_max coordinates
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_max=0.33, x = -0.8, y =0.6,
#' material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_min=0.66, x = 0.8, y =0.6,
#' material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_min=0.33, u_max=0.66, x=0,
#' material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10, lookfrom=c(0,3,-10))
path = function(
points,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
closed = FALSE,
closed_smooth = TRUE,
straight = FALSE,
precomputed_control_points = FALSE,
width = 0.1,
width_end = NA,
u_min = 0,
u_max = 1,
type = "cylinder",
normal = c(0, 0, -1),
normal_end = NA,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (is.na(width_end)) {
width_end = width
}
if (u_min == u_max) {
return()
}
stopifnot(u_min <= u_max)
stopifnot(length(width) == 1 && is.numeric(width))
stopifnot(length(width_end) == 1 && is.numeric(width_end))
if (all(!is.na(normal)) && all(is.na(normal_end))) {
normal_end = normal
}
if (all(!is.na(normal)) || all(!is.na(normal_end))) {
stopifnot(length(normal) == 3 && is.numeric(normal))
stopifnot(length(normal_end) == 3 && is.numeric(normal_end))
}
if (all(is.na(normal)) || type == "cylinder" || type == "flat") {
normal = c(0, 0, 0)
normal_end = c(0, 0, 0)
}
if (inherits(points, "numeric")) {
stop("Input must either be list, matrix, or data.frame, not numeric.")
}
if (inherits(points, "list") && !precomputed_control_points) {
if (any(unlist(lapply(points, (function(x) length(x) != 3))))) {
stop("If `points` is a list, each entry must be a length-3 vector")
}
points = do.call(rbind, points)
}
if (inherits(points, "data.frame")) {
points = as.matrix(points)
}
if (is.array(points)) {
if (nrow(points) == 1) {
stop("Only one point passed, no path specified.")
}
if (nrow(points) == 2 && closed) {
closed = FALSE
}
}
if (!precomputed_control_points) {
if (inherits(points, "matrix")) {
if (ncol(points) == 3) {
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
points = rbind(
points[c(nrow(points) - 2, nrow(points) - 1, nrow(points)), ],
points,
points[1:3, ]
)
}
if (!straight) {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points(points)
} else {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points_straight(points)
}
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
}
} else {
stop("If points a matrix or data.frame, must have 3 columns")
}
} else {
stop(
"points not of supported type (function expects matrix/data.frame/list, got ",
class(points),
")"
)
}
} else {
full_control_points = points
}
if (closed && !closed_smooth) {
first_point = full_control_points[[1]]
last_point = full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points) + 1]] = last_point
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][4, ] = first_point[1, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][3, ] = 2 *
first_point[1, ] -
first_point[2, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][2, ] = 2 *
last_point[4, ] -
last_point[3, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][1, ] = last_point[4, ]
}
u_min_segment = length(full_control_points) * u_min
u_max_segment = length(full_control_points) * u_max
seg_begin = floor(u_min_segment) + 1
seg_end = floor(u_max_segment) + 1
curve_list = list()
for (i in seq_len(length(full_control_points))) {
u_min_temp = 0
u_max_temp = 1
if (u_min_segment <= i && u_min_segment > i - 1) {
u_min_temp = u_min_segment - (i - 1)
}
if (u_max_segment >= i - 1 && u_max_segment < i) {
u_max_temp = u_max_segment - (i - 1)
}
if (u_min_temp == u_max_temp) {
next
}
if (round(u_max_temp, 8) == 0) {
break
}
temp_width_start = width +
(width_end - width) * (u_min_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
temp_width_end = width +
(width_end - width) * (u_max_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
temp_normal_start = normal +
(normal_end - normal) * (u_min_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
temp_normal_end = normal +
(normal_end - normal) * (u_max_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
if (seg_begin <= i && seg_end >= i) {
curve_list[[i]] = bezier_curve(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
p1 = full_control_points[[i]],
type = type,
u_min = u_min_temp,
u_max = u_max_temp,
width = temp_width_start,
width_end = temp_width_end,
normal = temp_normal_start,
normal_end = temp_normal_end,
material = material,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
)
}
}
if (length(find.package("dplyr", quiet = TRUE)) > 0) {
return(dplyr::bind_rows(curve_list))
} else {
return(do.call(rbind, curve_list))
}
}
#' Text Object
#'
#' @param label Text string.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the label.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the label.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the label.
#' @param text_height Default `1`. Height of the text.
#' @param font Default `"sans"`. A character string specifying the font family (e.g., `"Arial"`, `"Times"`, `"Helvetica"`).
#' @param font_style A character string specifying the font style, such as `"plain"`, `"italic"`, or `"bold"`. Default is `"plain"`.
#' @param font_color Default `"black"`. The font color.
#' @param font_lineheight Default `12`. The lineheight for strings with newlines.
#' @param font_size Default `100`. The size of the font. Note that this does not control the size of the text, just the resolution
#' as rendered in the texture.
#' @param background_color Default `"white"`. The background color.
#' @param background_alpha Default `0`. The background opacity. `1` is fully opaque.
#' @param orientation Default `xy`. Orientation of the plane. Other options are `yz` and `xz`.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the text in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a label in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="Cornell Box", x=555/2,y=555/2,z=555/2,text_height=60,
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#' #Change the orientation
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="YZ Plane", x=550,y=555/2,z=555/2,text_height=200,
#' orientation = "yz",
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="XY Plane", z=550,y=555/2,x=555/2,text_height=200,
#' orientation = "xy",
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="XZ Plane", z=555/2,y=5,x=555/2,text_height=200,
#' orientation = "xz",
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#' #Add an label in front of a sphere
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="Cornell Box", x=555/2,y=555/2,z=555/2,text_height=90,
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="Sphere", x=555/2,y=100,z=100,text_height=60,
#' material=diffuse(color="white"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=100,radius=100,z=555/2,x=555/2,
#' material=glossy(color="purple"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=555,radius=100,z=-1000,x=555/2,
#' material=light(intensity=100,
#' spotlight_focus=c(555/2,100,100)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#'
#' #A room full of bees
#' bee_list = list()
#' for(i in 1:100) {
#' bee_list[[i]] = text3d("B", x=20+runif(1)*525, y=20+runif(1)*525, z=20+runif(1)*525,
#' text_height = 50, angle=c(0,0,0))
#' }
#' bees = do.call(rbind,bee_list)
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(bees) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#' # If you have ragg installed, you can also use color emojis.
#' library(rayrender)
#' generate_cornell(light_position = c(555/2,554,10),
#' lightwidth = 10, lightdepth = 100,
#' lightintensity = 800) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="\U1F30A",font_size = 500,angle=c(0,0,0),
#' x=555/2,y=555/2,z=260,text_height=1000)) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="\U1F6A3", x=180,y=140,z=260-50,
#' text_height=400, font_size = 500,
#' material=diffuse(color="black"),
#' angle=c(0,0,30))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="\U1F5FB", x=180,y=230,z=260+50,text_height=300,
#' font_size = 500,material=diffuse(color="black"),
#' angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#'
#'
#'
text3d = function(
label,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
text_height = 1,
orientation = "xy",
material = diffuse(),
font = "sans",
font_style = "plain",
font_color = "black",
font_lineheight = 1,
font_size = 100,
background_color = "white",
background_alpha = 0,
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
labelfile = tempfile(fileext = ".png")
text_image = rayimage::render_text_image(
label,
font = font,
size = font_size,
color = font_color,
just = "left",
lineheight = font_lineheight,
background_color = background_color,
background_alpha = background_alpha,
) |>
rayimage::render_reorient(flipx = TRUE, filename = labelfile)
height_val_raw = nrow(text_image)
width_val_raw = ncol(text_image)
ratio = text_height / height_val_raw
height_val = text_height
width_val = width_val_raw * ratio
material[[1]]$image = labelfile
if (orientation == "xy" || orientation == "yx") {
rayrender::xy_rect(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
angle = angle,
xwidth = width_val,
ywidth = height_val,
material = material
)
} else if (orientation == "yz" || orientation == "zy") {
rayrender::yz_rect(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
angle = angle,
zwidth = width_val,
ywidth = height_val,
material = material
)
} else if (orientation == "xz" || orientation == "zx") {
rayrender::xz_rect(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
angle = angle,
xwidth = width_val,
zwidth = height_val,
material = material
)
} else {
stop("Orientation ", orientation, " not recognized")
}
}
#' `ply` File Object
#'
#' Load an PLY file via a filepath.
#' Note: light importance sampling currently not supported for this shape.
#'
#' @param filename Filename and path to the `ply` file. Can also be a `txt` file, if it's in the correct `ply` internally.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param scale_ply Default `1`. Amount to scale the model. Use this to scale the object up or down on all axes, as it is
#' more robust to numerical precision errors than the generic scale option.
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the obj model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #See the documentation for `obj_model()`--no example PLY models are included with this package,
#' #but the process of loading a model is the same (without support for vertex colors).
ply_model = function(
filename,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
scale_ply = 1,
subdivision_levels = 1,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
filename = path.expand(filename)
tempcon = file(filename, open = "rt")
on.exit(close(tempcon))
is_ply = scan(tempcon, what = character(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE) == "ply"
if (!is_ply) {
stop(filename, " does not appear to be PLY file.")
}
tokenval = scan(tempcon, what = character(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE)
while (tokenval != "end_header") {
if (tokenval == "vertex") {
if (scan(tempcon, what = integer(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE) == 0) {
warning(filename, " contains no vertices, skipping.")
return()
}
}
if (tokenval == "face") {
if (scan(tempcon, what = integer(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE) == 0) {
warning(filename, " contains no polygon faces, skipping.")
return()
}
}
tokenval = scan(tempcon, what = character(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE)
}
base_dir = function(x) {
dirname_processed = dirname(x)
if (dirname_processed == ".") {
return("")
} else {
return(dirname_processed)
}
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "ply",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
scale_ply = scale_ply,
basename = base_dir(filename),
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = filename,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' `mesh3d` model
#'
#' Load an `mesh3d` (or `shapelist3d`) object, as specified in the `rgl` package.
#'
#' @param mesh A `mesh3d` or `shapelist3d` object. Pulls the vertex, index, texture coordinates,
#' normals, and material information. If the material references an image texture, the
#' `mesh$material$texture` argument should be set to the image filename. The `mesh3d` format
#' only supports one image texture per mesh. All quads will be triangulated.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param swap_yz Default `FALSE`. Swap the Y and Z coordinates.
#' @param reverse Default `FALSE`. Reverse the orientation of the indices, flipping their normals.
#' @param verbose Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, prints information about the mesh to the console.
#' @param override_material Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, overrides the material specified in the
#' `mesh3d` object with the one specified in `material`.
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param displacement_texture Default `""`. File path to the displacement texture.
#' This texture is used to displace the vertices of the mesh based on the texture's pixel values.
#' @param displacement_intensity Default `1`. Intensity of the displacement effect.
#' Higher values result in greater displacement.
#' @param displacement_vector Default `FALSE`. Whether to use vector displacement.
#' If `TRUE`, the displacement texture is interpreted as providing a 3D displacement vector.
#' Otherwise, the texture is interpreted as providing a scalar displacement.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the mesh3d model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Load a mesh3d object (from the Rvcg) and render it:
#' library(Rvcg)
#' data(humface)
#'
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(mesh3d_model(humface,y=-0.3,x=0,z=0,
#' material=glossy(color="dodgerblue4"), scale = 1/70,
#' angle = c(0,180,0))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,z=-5,material=light(intensity=50))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,width=800,height=800,
#' lookat = c(0,0.5,1), aperture=0.0)
mesh3d_model = function(
mesh,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
swap_yz = FALSE,
reverse = FALSE,
subdivision_levels = 1,
verbose = FALSE,
displacement_texture = "",
displacement_intensity = 1,
displacement_vector = FALSE,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
override_material = FALSE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (inherits(mesh, "shapelist3d")) {
shapes = list()
for (shape in seq_len(length(mesh))) {
shapes[[shape]] = mesh3d_model(
mesh[[shape]],
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
swap_yz = swap_yz,
reverse = reverse,
override_material = override_material,
material = material,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale,
verbose = verbose
)
}
return(do.call(rbind, shapes))
}
displacement_texture = check_image_texture(displacement_texture)
if (!inherits(mesh, "mesh3d")) {
stop("mesh must be of class 'mesh3d': actual class is ", class(mesh))
}
vertices = t(mesh$vb)
if (ncol(vertices) == 4) {
vertices = vertices[, 1:3]
}
if (swap_yz) {
vertices = vertices[, c(1, 3, 2)]
}
## there might be triangles, quads, or both
indices = NULL
if (!is.null(mesh$it)) {
indices = t(mesh$it) - 1
}
if (!is.null(mesh$ib)) {
quads = mesh$ib
tri_ind = t(matrix(
rbind(quads[c(1L, 2L, 4L), ], quads[c(2L, 3L, 4L), ]),
3L
)) -
1
indices = rbind(indices, tri_ind)
}
normals = mesh$normals
if (is.null(normals)) {
normals = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 3)
} else {
normals = t(normals)
}
texcoords = mesh$texcoords
if (is.null(texcoords)) {
texcoords = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 2)
} else {
texcoords = t(texcoords)
}
texture = mesh$material$texture
if (!is.null(texture)) {
texture = path.expand(texture)
} else {
texture = ""
}
bump_texture = mesh$material$bump_texture
bump_intensity = 1
if (!is.null(bump_texture)) {
bump_texture = path.expand(bump_texture)
if (!is.null(mesh$material$bump_intensity)) {
bump_intensity = mesh$material$bump_intensity
} else {
bump_intensity = 1
}
} else {
bump_texture = ""
}
face_color_vals = mesh$material$color
if (!is.null(face_color_vals)) {
if (length(face_color_vals) == 1 && texture == "") {
face_color_vals = rep(face_color_vals, nrow(indices))
mesh$meshColor = "faces"
}
if (!is.matrix(face_color_vals)) {
color_vals = matrix(
convert_color(face_color_vals),
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
} else {
color_vals = face_color_vals
}
} else {
color_vals = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 0)
}
if (!is.null(mesh$meshColor)) {
color_type = switch(mesh$meshColor, "vertices" = 1, "faces" = 2, 3)
if (color_type == 1) {
if (is.null(texcoords) && nrow(color_vals) == nrow(vertices)) {
color_type = 4
} else {
if (texture == "" && bump_texture == "") {
warning(
"material set as vertex color but no texture or bump map passed--ignoring mesh3d material."
)
color_type = 3
}
}
}
} else {
color_type = 3
}
if (override_material) {
color_type = 1
}
if (reverse) {
indices = indices[, c(3, 2, 1)]
}
material_type = switch(
material[[1]]$type,
"diffuse" = 1,
"metal" = 2,
"dielectric" = 3,
"oren-nayar" = 4,
"light" = 5,
"mf" = 6,
"glossy" = 7,
"spotlight" = 8,
"hair" = 9,
"mf-t" = 10
)
mesh_info = list(
vertices = vertices,
indices = indices,
normals = normals,
texcoords = texcoords,
texture = texture,
bump_texture = bump_texture,
bump_intensity = bump_intensity,
color_vals = color_vals,
color_type = color_type,
material_type = material_type,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
displacement_texture = displacement_texture,
displacement_intensity = displacement_intensity,
displacement_vector = displacement_vector,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
)
if (verbose) {
bbox = apply(vertices, 2, range)
message(sprintf(
"mesh3d Bounding Box: %0.1f-%0.1f x %0.1f-%0.1f x %0.1f-%0.1f",
bbox[1, 1],
bbox[2, 1],
bbox[1, 2],
bbox[2, 2],
bbox[1, 3],
bbox[2, 3]
))
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "mesh3d",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(NA),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(mesh_info),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Extruded Path Object
#'
#' Note: Bump mapping with non-diffuse materials does not work correctly, and smoothed normals will be flat when
#' using a bump map.
#'
#' @param points Either a list of length-3 numeric vectors or 3-column matrix/data.frame specifying
#' the x/y/z points that the path should go through.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param polygon Defaults to a circle. A polygon with no holes, specified by a data.frame() parsable by `xy.coords()`. Vertices
#' are taken as sequential rows. If the polygon isn't closed (the last vertex equal to the first), it will be closed automatically.
#' @param polygon_end Defaults to `polygon`. If specified, the number of vertices should equal the to the number of vertices
#' of the polygon set in `polygon`. Vertices are taken as sequential rows. If the polygon isn't closed (the last vertex equal to the first), it will be closed automatically.
#' @param breaks Defaults to `20` times the number of control points in the bezier curve.
#' @param closed Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, the path will be closed by smoothly connecting the first
#' and last points, also ensuring the final polygon is aligned to the first.
#' @param closed_smooth Default `TRUE`. If `closed = TRUE`, this will ensure C2 (second derivative)
#' continuity between the ends. If `closed = FALSE`, the curve will only have C1 (first derivative)
#' continuity between the ends.
#' @param polygon_add_points Default `0`. Positive integer specifying the number of points to fill in between polygon
#' vertices. Higher numbers can give smoother results (especially when combined with `smooth_normals = TRUE`.
#' @param twists Default `0`. Number of twists in the polygon from one end to another.
#' @param straight Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, straight lines will be used to connect the points instead
#' of bezier curves.
#' @param precomputed_control_points Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, `points` argument will expect
#' a list of control points calculated with the internal rayrender function `rayrender:::calculate_control_points()`.
#' @param width Default `0.1`. Curve width. If `width_ease == "spline"`, `width` is specified in a format that can be read by
#' `xy.coords()` (with `y` as the width), and the `x` coordinate is between `0` and `1`, this can also specify the exact
#' positions along the curve for the corresponding width values. If a numeric vector, specifies the different values of the width evenly along the curve.
#' If not a single value, `width_end` will be ignored.
#' @param width_end Default `NA`. Width at end of path. Same as `width`, unless specified. Ignored if multiple width values
#' specified in `width`.
#' @param width_ease Default `spline`. Ease function between width values. Other options: `linear`, `quad`, `cubic`, `exp`.
#' @param u_min Default `0`. Minimum parametric coordinate for the path. If `closed = TRUE`, values greater than one will refer to the beginning
#' of the loop (but the path will be generated as two objects).
#' @param u_max Default `1`. Maximum parametric coordinate for the path. If `closed = TRUE`, values greater than one will refer to the beginning
#' of the loop (but the path will be generated as two objects).
#' @param texture_repeats Default `1`. Number of times to repeat the texture along the length of the path.
#' @param smooth_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to smooth the normals of the polygon to remove sharp angles.
#' @param linear_step Default `FALSE`. Whether the polygon intervals should be set at linear intervals,
#' rather than intervals based on the underlying bezier curve parameterization.
#' @param end_caps Default `c(TRUE, TRUE)`. Specifies whether to add an end cap to the beginning and end of a path.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions.
#' @param material_caps Defaults to the same material set in `material`.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Specify the points for the path to travel though and the ground material
#' points = list(c(0,0,1),c(-0.5,0,-1),c(0,1,-1),c(1,0.5,0),c(0.6,0.3,1))
#' ground_mat = material=diffuse(color="grey50",
#' checkercolor = "grey20",checkerperiod = 1.5)
#' #Default path shape is a circle
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.25,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Change the width evenly along the tube
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.25,
#' width_end = 0.5,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Change the width along the full length of the tube
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points,
#' width=0.25*sinpi(0:72*20/180),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Specify the exact parametric x positions for the width values:
#' custom_width = data.frame(x=c(0,0.2,0.5,0.8,1), y=c(0.25,0.5,0,0.5,0.25))
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points,
#' width=custom_width,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Generate a star polygon
#' angles = seq(360,0,length.out=21)
#' xx = c(rep(c(1,0.75,0.5,0.75),5),1) * sinpi(angles/180)/4
#' yy = c(rep(c(1,0.75,0.5,0.75),5),1) * cospi(angles/180)/4
#' star_polygon = data.frame(x=xx,y=yy)
#'
#' #Extrude a path using a star polygon
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5,
#' polygon = star_polygon,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,1),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Specify a circle polygon
#' angles = seq(360,0,length.out=21)
#' xx = sinpi(angles/180)/4
#' yy = cospi(angles/180)/4
#' circ_polygon = data.frame(x=xx,y=yy)
#'
#' #Transform from the circle polygon to the star polygon and change the end cap material
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5,
#' polygon=circ_polygon, polygon_end = star_polygon,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Add three and a half twists along the path, and make sure the breaks are evenly spaced
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5, twists = 3.5,
#' polygon=star_polygon, linear_step = TRUE, breaks=360,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Smooth the normals for a less sharp appearance:
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5, twists = 3.5,
#' polygon=star_polygon,
#' linear_step = TRUE, breaks=360,
#' smooth_normals = TRUE,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Only generate part of the curve, specified by the u_min and u_max arguments
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5, twists = 3.5,
#' u_min = 0.2, u_max = 0.8,
#' polygon=star_polygon, linear_step = TRUE, breaks=360,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Render a Mobius strip with 1.5 turns
#' points = list(c(0,0,0),c(0.5,0.5,0),c(0,1,0),c(-0.5,0.5,0))
#' square_polygon = matrix(c(-1, -0.1, 0,
#' 1, -0.1, 0,
#' 1, 0.1, 0,
#' -1, 0.1, 0)/10, ncol=3,byrow = T)
#'
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2,
#' material=diffuse(color = "dodgerblue4", checkercolor = "#002a61",
#' checkerperiod = 1)) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, polygon=square_polygon, closed = TRUE,
#' linear_step = TRUE, twists = 1.5, breaks = 720,
#' material = diffuse(noisecolor = "black", noise = 10,
#' noiseintensity = 10))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=20,x=0,z=-21,material=light(intensity = 1000))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0,0.5,0), fov=10, samples=16, sample_method = "sobol_blue",
#' width = 800, height=800)
#' #Create a green glass tube with the dielectric priority interface
#' #and fill it with a purple neon tube light
#' generate_ground(depth=-0.4,material=diffuse(color="grey50",
#' checkercolor = "grey20",checkerperiod = 1.5)) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.7, linear_step = TRUE,
#' polygon = star_polygon, twists = 2, closed = TRUE,
#' polygon_end = star_polygon, breaks=500,
#' material=dielectric(priority = 1, refraction = 1.2,
#' attenuation=c(1,0.3,1),
#' attenuation_intensity=20))) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.4, linear_step = TRUE,
#' polygon = star_polygon,twists = 2, closed = TRUE,
#' polygon_end = star_polygon, breaks=500,
#' material=dielectric(priority = 0,refraction = 1))) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.05, closed = TRUE,
#' material=light(color="purple", intensity = 5,
#' importance_sample = FALSE))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=10,z=-5,x=0,radius=5,material=light(color = "white",intensity = 5))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0,0.5,1),fov=10,
#' width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
extruded_path = function(
points,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
polygon = NA,
polygon_end = NA,
breaks = NA,
closed = FALSE,
closed_smooth = TRUE,
polygon_add_points = 0,
twists = 0,
texture_repeats = 1,
straight = FALSE,
precomputed_control_points = FALSE,
width = 1,
width_end = NA,
width_ease = "spline",
smooth_normals = FALSE,
u_min = 0,
u_max = 1,
linear_step = FALSE,
end_caps = c(TRUE, TRUE),
material = diffuse(),
material_caps = NA,
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (closed) {
if ((u_max - u_min) >= 1) {
u_min = 0
u_max = 1
end_caps = c(FALSE, FALSE)
} else {
while (u_min >= 1) {
u_min = u_min - 1
}
while (u_max > 1) {
u_max = u_max - 1
}
if (u_max == 0 && u_min > 0) {
u_max = 1
}
}
if (u_max < u_min) {
combined_return = add_object(
extruded_path(
points = points,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
polygon = polygon,
polygon_end = polygon_end,
breaks = breaks,
closed = closed,
closed_smooth = closed_smooth,
polygon_add_points = polygon_add_points,
twists = twists,
texture_repeats = texture_repeats,
straight = straight,
precomputed_control_points = precomputed_control_points,
width = width,
width_end = width_end,
width_ease = width_ease,
smooth_normals = smooth_normals,
u_min = 0,
u_max = u_max,
linear_step = linear_step,
end_caps = c(FALSE, TRUE),
material = material,
material_caps = material_caps,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
),
extruded_path(
points = points,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
polygon = polygon,
polygon_end = polygon_end,
breaks = breaks,
closed = closed,
closed_smooth = closed_smooth,
polygon_add_points = polygon_add_points,
twists = twists,
texture_repeats = texture_repeats,
straight = straight,
precomputed_control_points = precomputed_control_points,
width = width,
width_end = width_end,
width_ease = width_ease,
smooth_normals = smooth_normals,
u_min = u_min,
u_max = 1,
linear_step = linear_step,
end_caps = c(TRUE, FALSE),
material = material,
material_caps = material_caps,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
)
)
material_id_old = get("max_material_id", envir = ray_environment)
material_id_new = material_id_old + 1L
assign("max_material_id", material_id_new, envir = ray_environment)
combined_return$shape_info[[1]]$material_id = material_id_new
combined_return$shape_info[[2]]$material_id = material_id_new
return(combined_return)
}
}
if (is.null(dim(polygon))) {
angles = seq(0, 360, length.out = 31)
xx = 1 / 2 * sinpi(angles / 180)
yy = 1 / 2 * cospi(angles / 180)
polygon = as.matrix(data.frame(x = xx, y = yy, z = 0))
} else {
polygon = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon)
polygon = data.frame(x = polygon$x, y = polygon$y, z = 0)
}
same_polygon = TRUE
if (is.null(dim(polygon_end))) {
polygon_end = polygon
} else {
if (nrow(polygon_end) != nrow(polygon)) {
stop("`polygon` and `polygon_end` must have same number of vertices")
}
same_polygon = FALSE
polygon_end = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon_end)
polygon_end = data.frame(x = polygon_end$x, y = polygon_end$y, z = 0)
}
if (ncol(polygon) == 2) {
polygon = cbind(polygon, rep(0, nrow(polygon)))
}
if (ncol(polygon_end) == 2) {
polygon_end = cbind(polygon_end, rep(0, nrow(polygon_end)))
}
#Process polygon orientation
i = seq_len(nrow(polygon) - 1)
reverse_poly = sum(
polygon[i, 1] * polygon[i + 1, 2] - polygon[i + 1, 1] * polygon[i, 2]
) >
0
if (reverse_poly) {
polygon = polygon[nrow(polygon):1, ]
}
i = seq_len(nrow(polygon_end) - 1)
reverse_poly = sum(
polygon_end[i, 1] *
polygon_end[i + 1, 2] -
polygon_end[i + 1, 1] * polygon_end[i, 2]
) >
0
if (reverse_poly) {
polygon_end = polygon_end[nrow(polygon_end):1, ]
}
if (any(polygon[1, ] != polygon[nrow(polygon), ])) {
polygon = rbind(polygon, polygon[1, ])
}
if (any(polygon_end[1, ] != polygon_end[nrow(polygon_end), ])) {
polygon_end = rbind(polygon_end, polygon_end[1, ])
}
if (polygon_add_points > 0) {
polygon = add_points_polygon(polygon, polygon_add_points)
polygon_end = add_points_polygon(polygon_end, polygon_add_points)
}
normal_poly = list()
normal_poly_end = list()
if (smooth_normals) {
revisit = rep(FALSE, nrow(polygon))
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon))) {
if (i == 1 || i == nrow(polygon)) {
vert1 = nrow(polygon) - 1
vert2 = 1
vert3 = 2
} else if (i < nrow(polygon)) {
vert1 = i - 1
vert2 = i
vert3 = i + 1
}
edge1 = polygon[vert1, ] - polygon[vert2, ]
edge2 = polygon[vert3, ] - polygon[vert2, ]
edge1 = edge1 / sqrt(sum(edge1^2))
edge2 = edge2 / sqrt(sum(edge2^2))
if (abs(abs(sum(edge1 * edge2)) - 1) < 1e-8) {
temp_norm = NA
revisit[i] = TRUE
} else {
temp_norm = as.numeric(edge1 + edge2)
}
if (!revisit[i] && cross_prod(edge1, temp_norm)[3] > 0) {
temp_norm = -temp_norm
}
normal_poly[[i]] = matrix(temp_norm, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
if (!revisit[i]) {
normal_poly[[i]] = normal_poly[[i]] / sqrt(sum(normal_poly[[i]]^2))
if (any(is.nan(normal_poly[[i]]))) {
stop("NaN coordinates found in smoothed normals--is polygon correct?")
}
}
}
if (any(revisit)) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon))) {
if (revisit[i]) {
idx1 = i
idx2 = i
n = 0L
inds = c(i)
while (revisit[idx1]) {
idx1 = idx1 - 1L
if (idx1 == 0L) {
idx1 = nrow(polygon)
}
inds = c(idx1, inds)
n = n + 1L
}
while (revisit[idx2]) {
idx2 = idx2 + 1L
if (idx2 == nrow(polygon) + 1L) {
idx2 = 1L
}
inds = c(inds, idx2)
n = n + 1L
}
norm_prev = normal_poly[[idx1]]
norm_next = normal_poly[[idx2]]
tween_norms = slerp(norm_prev, norm_next, n = n + 1)
for (idx in seq_len(length(inds) - 1)[-1]) {
normal_poly[[inds[idx]]] = tween_norms[[idx]]
revisit[inds[idx]] = FALSE
}
}
}
}
revisit = rep(FALSE, nrow(polygon_end))
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon_end))) {
if (i == 1 || i == nrow(polygon_end)) {
vert1 = nrow(polygon_end) - 1
vert2 = 1
vert3 = 2
} else if (i < nrow(polygon_end)) {
vert1 = i - 1
vert2 = i
vert3 = i + 1
}
edge1 = polygon_end[vert1, ] - polygon_end[vert2, ]
edge2 = polygon_end[vert3, ] - polygon_end[vert2, ]
edge1 = edge1 / sqrt(sum(edge1^2))
edge2 = edge2 / sqrt(sum(edge2^2))
if (abs(abs(sum(edge1 * edge2)) - 1) < 1e-8) {
temp_norm = NA
revisit[i] = TRUE
} else {
temp_norm = as.numeric(edge1 + edge2)
}
if (!revisit[i] && cross_prod(edge1, temp_norm)[3] > 0) {
temp_norm = -temp_norm
}
normal_poly_end[[i]] = matrix(temp_norm, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
if (!revisit[i]) {
normal_poly_end[[i]] = normal_poly_end[[i]] /
sqrt(sum(normal_poly_end[[i]]^2))
if (any(is.nan(normal_poly_end[[i]]))) {
stop(
"NaN coordinates found in smoothed normals--is polygon_end correct?"
)
}
}
}
if (any(revisit)) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon_end))) {
if (revisit[i]) {
idx1 = i
idx2 = i
n = 0L
inds = c(i)
while (revisit[idx1]) {
idx1 = idx1 - 1L
if (idx1 == 0L) {
idx1 = nrow(polygon_end)
}
inds = c(idx1, inds)
n = n + 1L
}
while (revisit[idx2]) {
idx2 = idx2 + 1L
if (idx2 == nrow(polygon_end) + 1L) {
idx2 = 1L
}
inds = c(inds, idx2)
n = n + 1L
}
norm_prev = normal_poly_end[[idx1]]
norm_next = normal_poly_end[[idx2]]
tween_norms = slerp(norm_prev, norm_next, n = n + 1)
for (idx in seq_len(length(inds) - 1)[-1]) {
normal_poly_end[[inds[idx]]] = tween_norms[[idx]]
revisit[inds[idx]] = FALSE
}
}
}
}
normal_polys = do.call(rbind, normal_poly)
normal_polys_end = do.call(rbind, normal_poly_end)
}
if (u_min == u_max) {
return()
}
if (inherits(points, "numeric")) {
stop("Input must either be list, matrix, or data.frame, not numeric.")
}
if (inherits(points, "list") && !precomputed_control_points) {
if (any(unlist(lapply(points, (function(x) length(x) != 3))))) {
stop("If `points` is a list, each entry must be a length-3 vector")
}
points = do.call(rbind, points)
}
if (inherits(points, "data.frame")) {
points = as.matrix(points)
}
if (is.array(points)) {
if (nrow(points) == 1) {
stop("Only one point passed, no path specified.")
}
if (nrow(points) == 2 && closed) {
closed = FALSE
}
}
if (!precomputed_control_points) {
if (inherits(points, "matrix")) {
if (ncol(points) == 3) {
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
points = rbind(
points[c(nrow(points) - 2, nrow(points) - 1, nrow(points)), ],
points,
points[1:3, ]
)
}
if (!straight) {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points(points)
} else {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points_straight(points)
}
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
}
} else {
stop("If points a matrix or data.frame, must have 3 columns")
}
} else {
stop(
"points not of supported type (function expects matrix/data.frame/list, got ",
class(points),
")"
)
}
} else {
full_control_points = points
}
if (closed && !closed_smooth) {
first_point = full_control_points[[1]]
last_point = full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points) + 1]] = last_point
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][4, ] = first_point[1, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][3, ] = 2 *
first_point[1, ] -
first_point[2, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][2, ] = 2 *
last_point[4, ] -
last_point[3, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][1, ] = last_point[4, ]
}
if (any(unlist(lapply(full_control_points, is.na)))) {
stop("`points` should not contain NA/NaN values.")
}
if (is.na(breaks)) {
breaks = length(full_control_points) * 20
}
u_min_segment = floor(breaks * u_min)
u_max_segment = floor(breaks * u_max)
seg_begin = u_min_segment + 1
seg_end = u_max_segment + 1
if (seg_end > breaks - 1) {
seg_end = breaks - 1
}
if (is.na(width_end) && is.numeric(width)) {
width_end = width[1]
}
if (length(width) == 1 && is.numeric(width)) {
width = c(width, width_end)
}
if (is.null(dim(width))) {
width = data.frame(x = seq(0, 1, length.out = length(width)), y = width)
}
width = grDevices::xy.coords(width)
if (linear_step) {
dist_df = calculate_distance_along_bezier_curve(full_control_points, 20)
t_vals = stats::predict(
stats::smooth.spline(dist_df$total_dist, dist_df$t),
seq(0, max(dist_df$total_dist), length.out = breaks)
)$y *
length(full_control_points)
#Numerical precision fix
t_vals[length(t_vals)] = length(full_control_points)
} else {
t_vals = seq(0, length(full_control_points), length.out = breaks)
#Numerical precision fix
t_vals[length(t_vals)] = length(full_control_points)
}
if (width_ease != "spline") {
width_vals = tween(width$y, n = breaks, ease = width_ease)
} else {
width_vals = stats::spline(width, n = breaks)$y
}
width_vals = abs(width_vals)
morph_vals = seq(0, 1, length.out = breaks)
t_init = t_vals[seg_begin]
if (t_init < 0 || closed) {
t_init = 0
}
initial_deriv = eval_bezier_deriv(full_control_points[[1]], t_init)
initial_2nd_deriv = eval_bezier_2nd_deriv(full_control_points[[1]], t_init)
if (all(abs(initial_2nd_deriv) < 1e-6)) {
if (any(cross_prod(c(1, 0, 0), initial_deriv) != 0)) {
initial_2nd_deriv = cross_prod(c(1, 0, 0), initial_deriv)
} else {
initial_2nd_deriv = cross_prod(c(0, 1, 0), initial_deriv)
}
}
t_vec = initial_deriv / sqrt(sum(initial_deriv * initial_deriv))
s_vec = cross_prod(initial_deriv, initial_2nd_deriv)
s_vec = s_vec / sqrt(sum(s_vec * s_vec))
r_vec = cross_prod(s_vec, t_vec)
t_vec0 = t_vec
s_vec0 = s_vec
r_vec0 = r_vec
vertices = list()
texcoords = list()
normals = list()
poly_tex = seq(0, 1, length.out = nrow(polygon))
counter = 1
if (closed && !closed_smooth) {
twist_amount = calculate_final_twist(
full_control_points,
breaks,
t_vals,
t_vec,
s_vec,
r_vec
)
end_angle_r = twists * 2 * pi + twist_amount[1]
# end_angle_s = twist_amount[2]
# end_angle_t = twist_amount[3]
end_angle_s = 0
end_angle_t = 0
} else {
end_angle_r = twists * 2 * pi
end_angle_s = 0
end_angle_t = 0
}
for (i in seq(1, seg_end, by = 1)) {
t_val0 = t_vals[i]
if (t_val0 < 0) {
t_val0 = 0
}
t_val1 = t_vals[i + 1]
if (t_val1 < 0) {
t_val1 = 0
}
width_temp = width_vals[i]
temp_poly = morph_vals[i] * polygon_end + (1 - morph_vals[i]) * polygon
temp_angle_r = morph_vals[i] * end_angle_r
temp_angle_s = morph_vals[i] * end_angle_s
temp_angle_t = morph_vals[i] * end_angle_t
ca = cos(temp_angle_t)
sa = sin(temp_angle_t)
cb = cos(temp_angle_s)
sb = sin(temp_angle_s)
cc = cos(temp_angle_r)
sc = sin(temp_angle_r)
twist_mat = matrix(
c(
cb * cc,
sa * sb * cc - ca * sc,
ca * sb * cc + sa * sc,
cb * sc,
sa * sb * sc + ca * cc,
ca * sb * sc - sa * cc,
-sb,
sa * cb,
ca * cb
),
nrow = 3,
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
rot_mat = matrix(c(s_vec, r_vec, t_vec), 3, 3)
t_temp0 = t_val0 - floor(t_val0)
if (i != breaks - 1) {
t_temp1 = t_val1 - floor(t_val1)
} else {
t_temp1 = 1
}
i0 = floor(t_val0) + 1
if (i != breaks - 1) {
i1 = floor(t_val1) + 1
} else {
i1 = max(c(1, floor(t_val1 + 1e-8)))
}
cp0 = full_control_points[[i0]]
if (i1 <= length(full_control_points)) {
cp1 = full_control_points[[i1]]
} else {
cp1 = cp0
}
x0 = eval_bezier(cp0, t_temp0)
x1 = eval_bezier(cp1, t_temp1)
if (i < length(width_vals)) {
width_norm = -(width_vals[i + 1] - width_vals[i]) / sqrt(sum((x1 - x0)^2))
} else if (i == length(width_vals)) {
width_norm = -(width_vals[i] - width_vals[i - 1]) / sqrt(sum((x1 - x0)^2))
}
if (i >= seg_begin) {
vertices[[counter]] = matrix(
x0,
ncol = 3,
nrow = nrow(polygon),
byrow = TRUE
) +
t((rot_mat %*% twist_mat %*% t(temp_poly * width_temp)))
texcoords[[counter]] = matrix(
c(poly_tex, rep(morph_vals[i] * texture_repeats, nrow(polygon))),
ncol = 2,
nrow = nrow(polygon)
)
if (smooth_normals) {
temp_norm = morph_vals[i] *
normal_polys_end +
(1 - morph_vals[i]) * normal_polys
temp_norm[, 3] = width_norm
norm_transform = t(solve(rot_mat %*% twist_mat))
normals[[counter]] = t((norm_transform %*% t(temp_norm)))
}
counter = counter + 1
}
#Evaluate next set of vectors
v1 = x1 - x0
c1 = sum(v1 * v1)
rl = r_vec - (2 / c1) * sum(v1 * r_vec) * v1
tl = t_vec - (2 / c1) * sum(v1 * t_vec) * v1
next_deriv = eval_bezier_deriv(cp1, t_temp1)
t_vec_prev = next_deriv / sqrt(sum(next_deriv * next_deriv))
v2 = t_vec_prev - tl
c2 = sum(v2 * v2)
if (c2 != 0) {
t_vec = t_vec_prev
r_vec = rl - (2 / c2) * sum(v2 * rl) * v2
s_vec = cross_prod(t_vec, r_vec)
}
}
rot_mat = matrix(c(s_vec, r_vec, t_vec), 3, 3)
temp_angle_r = morph_vals[seg_end] * end_angle_r
temp_angle_s = morph_vals[seg_end] * end_angle_s
temp_angle_t = morph_vals[seg_end] * end_angle_t
ca = cos(temp_angle_t)
sa = sin(temp_angle_t)
cb = cos(temp_angle_s)
sb = sin(temp_angle_s)
cc = cos(temp_angle_r)
sc = sin(temp_angle_r)
twist_mat = matrix(
c(
cb * cc,
sa * sb * cc - ca * sc,
ca * sb * cc + sa * sc,
cb * sc,
sa * sb * sc + ca * cc,
ca * sb * sc - sa * cc,
-sb,
sa * cb,
ca * cb
),
nrow = 3,
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
vertices[[counter]] = matrix(
x1,
ncol = 3,
nrow = nrow(polygon),
byrow = TRUE
) +
t((rot_mat %*% twist_mat %*% t(polygon_end * width_vals[seg_end + 1])))
texcoords[[counter]] = matrix(
c(poly_tex, rep(1 * texture_repeats, nrow(polygon))),
ncol = 2,
nrow = nrow(polygon)
)
if (smooth_normals) {
norm_transform = t(solve(rot_mat %*% twist_mat))
normals[[counter]] = t((norm_transform %*% t(normal_polys_end)))
}
mesh = list()
mesh_caps = list()
end_caps[1] = end_caps[1] & width_vals[1] > 0
end_caps[2] = end_caps[2] & width_vals[length(width_vals)] > 0
vb = do.call(rbind, vertices)
tex = do.call(rbind, texcoords)
if (smooth_normals) {
normal_mat = do.call(rbind, normals)
}
faces = (nrow(polygon) - 1) * 2 * (length(vertices) - 1)
if (faces == 0) {
return()
}
band_faces = (nrow(polygon) - 1) * 2
it = matrix(0, nrow = 3, ncol = faces)
polyadd = c(0, 0, nrow(polygon), nrow(polygon), 0, nrow(polygon))
single_structure = c(1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2)
single_band = matrix(0, nrow = 6, ncol = band_faces / 2)
for (i in seq_len((nrow(polygon) - 1))) {
single_band[, i] = polyadd + single_structure + (i - 1)
}
single_band = matrix(as.vector(single_band), nrow = 3)
for (i in seq_len(length(vertices) - 1)) {
it[, (1 + (i - 1) * band_faces):(i * band_faces)] = single_band +
(i - 1) * nrow(polygon)
}
cap_it_start = matrix(decido::earcut(polygon[, 1:2]), nrow = 3)
end_poly_triangulated = decido::earcut(polygon_end[, 1:2])
if (all(end_caps)) {
cap_it_end_full = matrix(
rev(end_poly_triangulated) + nrow(polygon) * (length(vertices) - 1),
nrow = 3
)
cap_it_end = matrix(
rev(end_poly_triangulated) + max(cap_it_start) - min(cap_it_start) + 1,
nrow = 3
)
vb_ends = rbind(
vb[seq(1, max(cap_it_start)), ],
vb[seq(min(cap_it_end_full), max(cap_it_end_full)), ]
)
it_ends = cbind(cap_it_start, cap_it_end)
} else if (end_caps[1]) {
vb_ends = vb[seq(1, max(cap_it_start)), ]
it_ends = cap_it_start
} else if (end_caps[2]) {
cap_it_end_full = matrix(
rev(end_poly_triangulated) + nrow(polygon) * (length(vertices) - 1),
nrow = 3
)
cap_it_end = matrix(rev(end_poly_triangulated), nrow = 3)
if (min(cap_it_end) == 2) {
cap_it_end = cap_it_end - 1
}
vb_ends = vb[seq(min(cap_it_end_full), max(cap_it_end_full)), ]
it_ends = cap_it_end
}
if (any(end_caps)) {
mesh_caps$vb = t(cbind(vb_ends, rep(1, nrow(vb_ends))))
mesh_caps$it = it_ends
}
mesh$vb = t(cbind(vb, rep(1, nrow(vb))))
if (any(is.nan(mesh$vb))) {
stop("NaN coordinates in mesh generated.")
}
mesh$it = it
if (smooth_normals) {
mesh$normals = t(normal_mat)
}
mesh$texcoords = t(tex)
if (!is.na(material[[1]]$image[[1]])) {
mesh$material$texture = material[[1]]$image[[1]]
mesh$meshColor = "vertices"
}
if (!is.na(material[[1]]$bump_texture[[1]])) {
mesh$material$bump_texture = material[[1]]$bump_texture[[1]]
mesh$material$bump_intensity = material[[1]]$bump_intensity
mesh$meshColor = "vertices"
} else {
mesh$material$bump_texture = ""
mesh$material$bump_intensity = 1
}
class(mesh) = "mesh3d"
class(mesh_caps) = "mesh3d"
same_material = FALSE
if (is.null(dim(material_caps))) {
material_caps = material
same_material = TRUE
}
material_id_old = get("max_material_id", envir = ray_environment)
material_id_new = material_id_old + 1L
assign("max_material_id", material_id_new, envir = ray_environment)
if (any(end_caps)) {
return_scene = add_object(
mesh3d_model(
mesh,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
override_material = TRUE,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale,
material = material
),
mesh3d_model(
mesh_caps,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
material = material_caps,
override_material = TRUE,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
)
)
if (same_material) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(return_scene))) {
return_scene$shape_info[[i]]$material_id = material_id_new
}
}
} else {
return_scene = mesh3d_model(
mesh,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
override_material = TRUE,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale,
material = material
)
if (same_material) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(return_scene))) {
return_scene$shape_info[[i]]$material_id = material_id_new
}
}
}
return(return_scene)
}
#' `raymesh` model
#'
#' Load an `raymesh` object, as specified in the `rayvertex` package.
#'
#' @param mesh A `raymesh` object. Pulls the vertex, index, texture coordinates,
#' normals, and material information.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param verbose Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, prints information about the mesh to the console.
#' @param override_material Default `NULL`, which overrides the material specified in the
#' `raymesh` object only when the user passes a value to `material`. If `TRUE`, overrides the
#' material specified in the `raymesh` object with the one specified in `material`.
#' @param flip_transmittance Default `TRUE`. Flips `(1-t)` the transmittance values to match the way the colors
#' would be interpreted in a rasterizer (where it specifies the transmitted color). Turn off to specify
#' the attenuation values directly.
#' @param calculate_consistent_normals Default `TRUE`. Whether to calculate consistent vertex normals to prevent energy
#' loss at edges.
#' @param importance_sample_lights Default `TRUE`. Whether to importance sample lights specified in the OBJ material
#' (objects with a non-zero Ke MTL material).
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param displacement_texture Default `""`. File path to the displacement texture.
#' This texture is used to displace the vertices of the mesh based on the texture's pixel values.
#' @param displacement_intensity Default `1`. Intensity of the displacement effect.
#' Higher values result in greater displacement.
#' @param displacement_vector Default `FALSE`. Whether to use vector displacement.
#' If `TRUE`, the displacement texture is interpreted as providing a 3D displacement vector.
#' Otherwise, the texture is interpreted as providing a scalar displacement.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param validate_mesh Default `TRUE`. Validates the `raymesh` object using `rayvertex::validate_mesh()`
#' before parsing to ensure correct parsing. Set to `FALSE` to speed up scene construction if `raymesh_model()`
#' is taking a long time (Note: this does not affect rendering time).
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}, but ignored unless `override_material = TRUE`. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the raymesh model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Render a simple raymesh object
#' library(rayvertex)
#' raymesh_model(sphere_mesh(position = c(-1, 0, 0),
#' material = material_list(transmittance = "red"))) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # We create a complex rayvertex mesh, using the `rayvertex::add_shape` function which
#' # creates a new `raymesh` object out of individual `raymesh` objects
#' rm_scene = sphere_mesh(position = c(-1, 0, 0),
#' material = material_list(transmittance = "red")) |>
#' add_shape(sphere_mesh(position = c(1, 0, 0),
#' material = material_list(transmittance = "green", ior = 1.5)))
#'
#' # Pass the single raymesh object to `raymesh_model()`
#' # `raymesh_model()`
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # Set `flip_transmittance = FALSE` argument to specify attenuation coefficients directly
#' # (as specified in the `dielectric()` material). We change the material's numerical attenuation
#' # constants using `rayvertex::change_material`
#' rm_scene_new= change_material(rm_scene, transmittance = c(1,2,0.3), id = 1) |>
#' change_material(transmittance = c(3,1,2), id = 2)
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene_new, flip_transmittance = FALSE) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # Override the material specified in the `raymesh` object and render the scene
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene,
#' material = dielectric(attenuation = "dodgerblue2", attenuation_intensity = 4),
#' override_material = TRUE) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # Adjusting the scale, position, and rotation parameters of the `raymesh` model
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene,
#' x = 0, y = 0.5, z = -1, angle = c(0, 0, 20)) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30,lookat=c(0,0.5,0), samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
raymesh_model = function(
mesh,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
flip_transmittance = TRUE,
verbose = FALSE,
importance_sample_lights = FALSE,
calculate_consistent_normals = TRUE,
subdivision_levels = 1,
displacement_texture = "",
displacement_intensity = 1,
displacement_vector = FALSE,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
override_material = NULL,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1),
validate_mesh = TRUE
) {
if (is.null(override_material)) {
override_material = !missing(material)
}
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (!inherits(mesh, "ray_mesh")) {
stop("mesh must be of class 'ray_mesh': actual class is ", class(mesh))
}
if (validate_mesh) {
raymesh = rayvertex::validate_mesh(mesh)
} else {
raymesh = mesh
}
if (subdivision_levels > getOption("rayrender_subdivision_max", 5)) {
stop(
"Default maximum subdivision level set to 5. Did you really mean to set a subdivision level ",
"of ",
subdivision_levels,
"? If so, set `options(rayrender_subdivision_max = ",
subdivision_levels,
")`."
)
}
displacement_texture = check_image_texture(displacement_texture)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "raymesh",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
importance_sample_lights = importance_sample_lights,
calculate_consistent_normals = calculate_consistent_normals,
override_material = override_material,
flip_transmittance = flip_transmittance,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
displacement_texture = displacement_texture,
displacement_intensity = displacement_intensity,
displacement_vector = displacement_vector,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(raymesh),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
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rayrender documentation built on Sept. 16, 2026, 9:08 a.m.
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Defines functions raymesh_model extruded_path mesh3d_model ply_model text3d path bezier_curve arrow cone extruded_polygon ellipsoid segment cylinder obj_model disk triangle xz_rect yz_rect xy_rect cube sphere
Documented in arrow bezier_curve cone cube cylinder disk ellipsoid extruded_path extruded_polygon mesh3d_model obj_model path ply_model raymesh_model segment sphere text3d triangle xy_rect xz_rect yz_rect
#' Sphere Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the sphere.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the sphere.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the sphere.
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the sphere.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the sphere in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a sphere in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(sphere(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2, radius = 100)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a gold sphere in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(sphere(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2, radius = 100,
#' material = microfacet(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, clamp_value = 5)
sphere = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
radius = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "sphere",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(radius = radius),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Cube Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the cube
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the cube
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the cube
#' @param width Default `1`. Cube width.
#' @param xwidth Default `1`. x-width of the cube. Overrides `width` argument for x-axis.
#' @param ywidth Default `1`. y-width of the cube. Overrides `width` argument for y-axis.
#' @param zwidth Default `1`. z-width of the cube. Overrides `width` argument for z-axis.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a cube in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Generate a gold cube in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold", fuzz = 0.2))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a rotated dielectric box in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube(x = 555/2, y = 200, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 100, zwidth = 200, angle = c(-30, 30, -30),
#' material = dielectric())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
cube = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
width = 1,
xwidth = 1,
ywidth = 1,
zwidth = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
xwidth = ifelse(missing(xwidth), width, xwidth)
ywidth = ifelse(missing(ywidth), width, ywidth)
zwidth = ifelse(missing(zwidth), width, zwidth)
boxinfo = c(xwidth, ywidth, zwidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "box",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(boxinfo = boxinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Rectangular XY Plane Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param y Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param xwidth Default `1`. x-width of the rectangle.
#' @param ywidth Default `1`. y-width of the rectangle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the XY plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a purple rectangle in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xy_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2, xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200,
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800), lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a gold plane in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xy_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, ywidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
xy_rect = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
xwidth = 1,
ywidth = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
rectinfo = c(xwidth, ywidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "xy_rect",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(rectinfo = rectinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Rectangular YZ Plane Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param ywidth Default `1`. y-width of the rectangle.
#' @param zwidth Default `1`. z-width of the rectangle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the YZ plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a purple rectangle in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(yz_rect(x = 100, y = 100, z = 555/2, ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200,
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Generate a gold plane in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(yz_rect(x = 100, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' ywidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
yz_rect = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
ywidth = 1,
zwidth = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
rectinfo = c(ywidth, zwidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "yz_rect",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(rectinfo = rectinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Rectangular XZ Plane Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the rectangle.
#' @param xwidth Default `1`. x-width of the rectangle.
#' @param zwidth Default `1`. z-width of the rectangle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the XZ plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a purple rectangle in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xz_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2, xwidth = 200, zwidth = 200,
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Generate a gold plane in the cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(xz_rect(x = 555/2, y = 100, z = 555/2,
#' xwidth = 200, zwidth = 200, angle = c(0, 30, 0),
#' material = metal(color = "gold"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
xz_rect = function(
x = 0,
xwidth = 1,
z = 0,
zwidth = 1,
y = 0,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
rectinfo = c(xwidth, zwidth)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "xz_rect",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(rectinfo = rectinfo),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Triangle Object
#'
#' @param v1 Default `c(1, 0, 0)`. Length-3 vector indicating the x, y, and z coordinate of the first triangle vertex.
#' @param v2 Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. Length-3 vector indicating the x, y, and z coordinate of the second triangle vertex.
#' @param v3 Default `c(-1, 0, 0)`. Length-3 vector indicating the x, y, and z coordinate of the third triangle vertex.
#' @param n1 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector indicating the normal vector associated with the first triangle vertex.
#' @param n2 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector indicating the normal vector associated with the second triangle vertex.
#' @param n3 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector indicating the normal vector associated with the third triangle vertex.
#' @param color1 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector or string indicating the color associated with the first triangle vertex.
#' If NA but other vertices specified, color inherits from material.
#' @param color2 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector or string indicating the color associated with the second triangle vertex.
#' If NA but other vertices specified, color inherits from material.
#' @param color3 Default `NA`. Length-3 vector or string indicating the color associated with the third triangle vertex.
#' If NA but other vertices specified, color inherits from material.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param reversed Default `FALSE`. Similar to the `flipped` argument, but this reverses the handedness of the
#' triangle so it will be oriented in the opposite direction.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the XZ plane in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a triangle in the Cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(triangle(v1 = c(100, 100, 100), v2 = c(555/2, 455, 455), v3 = c(455, 100, 100),
#' material = diffuse(color = "purple"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Pass individual colors to each vertex:
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(triangle(v1 = c(100, 100, 100), v2 = c(555/2, 455, 455), v3 = c(455, 100, 100),
#' color1 = "green", color2 = "yellow", color3 = "red")) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
triangle = function(
v1 = c(1, 0, 0),
v2 = c(0, 1, 0),
v3 = c(-1, 0, 0),
n1 = rep(NA, 3),
n2 = rep(NA, 3),
n3 = rep(NA, 3),
color1 = rep(NA, 3),
color2 = rep(NA, 3),
color3 = rep(NA, 3),
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
reversed = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (!reversed) {
vertex_vec = c(v1, v2, v3)
normal_vec = c(n1, n2, n3)
} else {
vertex_vec = c(v3, v2, v1)
normal_vec = c(n3, n2, n1)
}
vb = matrix(vertex_vec, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
it = matrix(c(1, 2, 3), nrow = 3, ncol = 1)
if (all(!is.na(normal_vec))) {
normals = matrix(normal_vec, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
} else {
normals = matrix(0, nrow = 3, ncol = 0)
}
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
vertex_colors = FALSE
if (all(!is.na(color1))) {
vertex_colors = TRUE
color1 = convert_color(color1)
}
if (all(!is.na(color2))) {
vertex_colors = TRUE
color2 = convert_color(color2)
}
if (all(!is.na(color3))) {
vertex_colors = TRUE
color3 = convert_color(color3)
}
if (any(is.na(color1)) && any(!is.na(c(color2, color3)))) {
color1 = unlist(material[[1]]$properties)[1:3]
}
if (any(is.na(color2)) && any(!is.na(c(color1, color3)))) {
color2 = unlist(material[[1]]$properties)[1:3]
}
if (any(is.na(color3)) && any(!is.na(c(color1, color2)))) {
color3 = unlist(material[[1]]$properties)[1:3]
}
color_matrix = matrix(
c(color1, color2, color3),
nrow = 3,
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
mesh_obj = list(vb = vb, it = it, normals = normals)
if (vertex_colors) {
mesh_obj$material$color = color_matrix
} else {
mesh_obj$material$color = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 0)
}
class(mesh_obj) = "mesh3d"
mesh_obj$meshColor = ifelse(vertex_colors, "default", "vertex")
mesh3d_model(
mesh_obj,
material = material,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
scale = scale,
flipped = flipped
)
}
#' Disk Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the disk
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the disk
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the disk
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the disk.
#' @param inner_radius Default `0`. Inner radius of the disk.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the disk in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a disk in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(disk(x = 555/2, y = 50, z = 555/2, radius = 150,
#' material = diffuse(color = "orange"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Rotate the disk.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(disk(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2, radius = 150, angle = c(-45, 0, 0),
#' material = diffuse(color = "orange"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) , lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Pass a value for the inner radius.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(disk(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' radius = 150, inner_radius = 75, angle = c(-45, 0, 0),
#' material = diffuse(color = "orange"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
disk = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
radius = 1,
inner_radius = 0,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
info = c(inner_radius)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "disk",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(radius = radius, inner_radius = inner_radius),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' `obj` File Object
#'
#' Load an obj file via a filepath. Currently only supports the diffuse texture with the `texture` argument.
#' Note: light importance sampling currently not supported for this shape.
#'
#' @param filename Filename and path to the `obj` file. Can also be a `txt` file, if it's in the correct `obj` internally.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param scale_obj Default `1`. Amount to scale the model. Use this to scale the object up or down on all axes, as it is
#' more robust to numerical precision errors than the generic scale option.
#' @param load_material Default `TRUE`. Whether to load the obj file material (MTL file). If material for faces
#' aren't specified, the default material will be used (specified by the user in `material`).
#' @param load_textures Default `TRUE`. If `load_material = TRUE`, whether to load textures in the MTL file (versus
#' just using the colors specified for each material).
#' @param load_normals Default `TRUE`. Whether to load the vertex normals if they exist in the OBJ file.
#' @param calculate_consistent_normals Default `TRUE`. Whether to calculate consistent vertex normals to prevent energy
#' loss at edges.
#' @param vertex_colors Default `FALSE`. Set to `TRUE` if the OBJ file has vertex colors to apply them
#' to the model.
#' @param importance_sample_lights Default `TRUE`. Whether to importance sample lights specified in the OBJ material
#' (objects with a non-zero Ke MTL material).
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param displacement_texture Default `""`. File path to the displacement texture.
#' This texture is used to displace the vertices of the mesh based on the texture's pixel values.
#' @param displacement_intensity Default `1`. Intensity of the displacement effect.
#' Higher values result in greater displacement.
#' @param displacement_vector Default `FALSE`. Whether to use vector displacement.
#' If `TRUE`, the displacement texture is interpreted as providing a 3D displacement vector.
#' Otherwise, the texture is interpreted as providing a scalar displacement.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the obj model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Load the included example R object file, by calling the r_obj() function. This
#' #returns the local file path to the `r.txt` obj file. The file extension is "txt"
#' #due to package constraints, but the file contents are identical and it does not
#' #affect the function.
#'
#' #Load the basic 3D R logo with the included materials
#' generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor = "grey50")) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(y = 0.2, filename = rayrender::r_obj(),
#' scale_obj=3)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z = -20, x = 20, y = 20, radius = 10,
#' material = light(intensity = 10))) |>
#' render_scene(parallel = TRUE, samples = 16, aperture = 0.05,
#' sample_method="sobol_blue",
#' fov = 20, lookfrom = c(0, 2, -10))
#'
#' # Smooth a mesh by setting the number of subdivision levels
#' generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor = "grey50")) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(y = 0.2, filename = rayrender::r_obj(),
#' scale_obj=3, subdivision_levels = 3)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z = -20, x = 20, y = 20, radius = 10,
#' material = light(intensity = 10))) |>
#' render_scene(parallel = TRUE, samples = 16, aperture = 0.05,
#' sample_method="sobol_blue",
#' fov = 20, lookfrom = c(0, 2, -10))
#'
#' #Override the materials for each object
#' generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor = "grey50")) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(y = 1.4, filename = rayrender::r_obj(), load_material = FALSE,
#' scale_obj = 1.8, angle=c(10,0,0),
#' material = microfacet(color = "gold", roughness = 0.2))) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(x = 0.9, y = 0, filename = rayrender::r_obj(), load_material = FALSE,
#' scale_obj = 1.8, angle=c(0,20,0),
#' material = diffuse(color = "dodgerblue"))) |>
#' add_object(obj_model(x = -0.9, y = 0, filename = rayrender::r_obj() , load_material = FALSE,
#' scale_obj = 1.8, angle=c(0,-40,0),
#' material = dielectric(attenuation = c(1,0.3,1), priority = 1,
#' attenuation_intensity = 20))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z = -20, x = 20, y = 20, radius = 10,
#' material = light(intensity = 10))) |>
#' render_scene(parallel = TRUE, samples = 16, aperture = 0.05,
#' sample_method="sobol_blue", lookat=c(0,0.5,0),
#' fov = 22, lookfrom = c(0, 2, -10))
#'
obj_model = function(
filename,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
scale_obj = 1,
load_material = TRUE,
load_textures = TRUE,
load_normals = TRUE,
vertex_colors = FALSE,
calculate_consistent_normals = TRUE,
subdivision_levels = 1,
displacement_texture = "",
displacement_intensity = 1,
displacement_vector = FALSE,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
importance_sample_lights = TRUE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (!load_material) {
load_textures = FALSE
}
filename = path.expand(filename)
base_dir = function(x) {
dirname_processed = dirname(x)
if (dirname_processed == ".") {
return("")
} else {
return(dirname_processed)
}
}
displacement_texture = check_image_texture(displacement_texture)
if (subdivision_levels > getOption("rayrender_subdivision_max", 5)) {
stop(
"Default maximum subdivision level set to 5. Did you really mean to set a subdivision level ",
"of ",
subdivision_levels,
"? If so, set `options(rayrender_subdivision_max = ",
subdivision_levels,
")`."
)
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "obj",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
scale_obj = scale_obj,
load_textures = load_textures,
load_material = load_material,
vertex_colors = vertex_colors,
importance_sample_lights = importance_sample_lights,
load_normals = load_normals,
calculate_consistent_normals = calculate_consistent_normals,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
basename = base_dir(filename),
displacement_texture = displacement_texture,
displacement_intensity = displacement_intensity,
displacement_vector = displacement_vector,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = filename,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Cylinder Object
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the cylinder
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the cylinder
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the cylinder
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the cylinder.
#' @param length Default `1`. Length of the cylinder.
#' @param phi_min Default `0`. Minimum angle around the segment.
#' @param phi_max Default `360`. Maximum angle around the segment.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' @param capped Default `TRUE`. Whether to add caps to the segment. Turned off when using the `light()` material.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cylinder in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a cylinder in the cornell box. Add a cap to both ends.
#'
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cylinder(x = 555/2, y = 250, z = 555/2,
#' length = 300, radius = 100, material = metal())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#' #Rotate the cylinder
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cylinder(x = 555/2, y = 250, z = 555/2,
#' length = 300, radius = 100, angle = c(0, 0, 45),
#' material = diffuse())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' # Only render a subtended arc of the cylinder, flipping the normals.
#' generate_cornell(lightintensity=3) |>
#' add_object(cylinder(x = 555/2, y = 250, z = 555/2, capped = FALSE,
#' length = 300, radius = 100, angle = c(45, 0, 0), phi_min = 0, phi_max = 180,
#' material = diffuse(), flipped = TRUE)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
cylinder = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
radius = 1,
length = 1,
phi_min = 0,
phi_max = 360,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1),
capped = TRUE
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
stopifnot(phi_max > phi_min)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "cylinder",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
radius = radius,
length = length,
phi_min = phi_min * pi / 180,
phi_max = phi_max * pi / 180,
has_cap = capped
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Segment Object
#'
#' Similar to the cylinder object, but specified by start and end points.
#'
#' @param start Default `c(0, -1, 0)`. Start point of the cylinder segment, specifing `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param end Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. End point of the cylinder segment, specifing `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the segment.
#' @param phi_min Default `0`. Minimum angle around the segment.
#' @param phi_max Default `360`. Maximum angle around the segment.
#' @param direction Default `NA`. Alternative to `start` and `end`, specify the direction (via
#' a length-3 vector) of the segment. Segment will be centered at `start`, and the length will be
#' determined by the magnitude of the direction vector.
#' @param from_center Default `TRUE`. If orientation specified via `direction`, setting this argument
#' to `FALSE` will make `start` specify the bottom of the segment, instead of the middle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Notes: this will change the stated start/end position of the segment.
#' Emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @param capped Default `TRUE`. Whether to add caps to the segment. Turned off when using the `light()` material.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the segment in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a segment in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 50)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' # Draw a line graph representing a normal distribution, but with metal:
#' xvals = seq(-3, 3, length.out = 30)
#' yvals = dnorm(xvals)
#'
#' scene_list = list()
#' for(i in 1:(length(xvals) - 1)) {
#' scene_list[[i]] = segment(start = c(555/2 + xvals[i] * 80, yvals[i] * 800, 555/2),
#' end = c(555/2 + xvals[i + 1] * 80, yvals[i + 1] * 800, 555/2),
#' radius = 10,
#' material = metal())
#' }
#' scene_segments = do.call(rbind,scene_list)
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(scene_segments) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Draw the outline of a cube:
#'
#' cube_outline = segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(100, 100, 455), radius = 10) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(100, 455, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 100), end = c(455, 100, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 455), end = c(100, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 100, 455), end = c(455, 100, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 455, 455), end = c(100, 455, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 455, 455), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 455, 100), end = c(455, 100, 100), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 455, 100), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 100, 100), end = c(455, 100, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(455, 100, 455), end = c(455, 455, 455), radius = 10)) |>
#' add_object(segment(start = c(100, 455, 100), end = c(455, 455, 100), radius = 10))
#'
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(cube_outline) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Shrink and rotate the cube
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(group_objects(cube_outline, pivot_point = c(555/2, 555/2, 555/2),
#' angle = c(45,45,45), scale = c(0.5,0.5,0.5))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
segment = function(
start = c(0, -1, 0),
end = c(0, 1, 0),
radius = 0.1,
phi_min = 0,
phi_max = 360,
from_center = TRUE,
direction = NA,
material = diffuse(),
capped = TRUE,
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
stopifnot(phi_max > phi_min)
if (all(!is.na(direction)) && length(direction) == 3) {
if (from_center) {
new_start = start - direction / 2
new_end = start + direction / 2
} else {
new_start = start
new_end = start + direction
}
start = new_start
end = new_end
}
x = (start[1] + end[1]) / 2
y = (start[2] + end[2]) / 2
z = (start[3] + end[3]) / 2
order_rotation = c(3, 2, 1)
phi = atan2(as.numeric(end[1] - start[1]), as.numeric(end[3] - start[3])) /
pi *
180 +
90
# cap_int = ifelse(capped, 1, 0)
length_xy = sqrt((end[1] - start[1])^2 + (end[3] - start[3])^2)
if (end[1] == start[1] && end[3] == start[3]) {
theta = 0
} else {
theta = atan2(length_xy, (end[2] - start[2])) / pi * 180
}
fulllength = sqrt(sum((end - start)^2))
angle = c(0, phi, theta)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "cylinder",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
radius = radius,
length = fulllength,
phi_min = phi_min * pi / 180,
phi_max = phi_max * pi / 180,
has_cap = capped
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Ellipsoid Object
#'
#' Note: this is just a scaled sphere.
#'
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the ellipsoid.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the ellipsoid.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the ellipsoid.
#' @param a Default `1`. Principal x-axis of the ellipsoid.
#' @param b Default `1`. Principal y-axis of the ellipsoid.
#' @param c Default `1`. Principal z-axis of the ellipsoid.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the ellipsoid in the scene.
#' @export
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate an ellipsoid in a Cornell box
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(ellipsoid(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' a = 100, b = 50, c = 50)) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Change the axes to make it taller rather than wide:
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(ellipsoid(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' a = 100, b = 200, c = 100, material = metal())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
#'
#' #Rotate it and make it dielectric:
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(ellipsoid(x = 555/2, y = 555/2, z = 555/2,
#' a = 100, b = 200, c = 100, angle = c(0, 0, 45),
#' material = dielectric())) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(278, 278, -800) ,lookat = c(278, 278, 0), fov = 40,
#' ambient_light = FALSE, samples = 16, parallel = TRUE, clamp_value = 5)
ellipsoid = function(
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
a = 1,
b = 1,
c = 1,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
return(sphere(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
scale = c(a, b, c) * scale,
material = material,
angle = angle,
flipped = flipped,
order_rotation = order_rotation
))
}
#' Extruded Polygon Object
#'
#' @param polygon `sf` object, "SpatialPolygon" `sp` object, or xy coordinates
#' of polygon represented in a way that can be processed by `xy.coords()`. If
#' xy-coordinate based polygons are open, they will be closed by adding an
#' edge from the last point to the first. If the `sf` object contains MULTIPOLYGONZ data, it will
#' flattened.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the extruded model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the extruded model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the extruded model.
#' @param plane Default `xz`. The plane the polygon is drawn in. All possibile orientations
#' are `xz`, `zx`, `xy`, `yx`, `yz`, and `zy`.
#' @param top Default `1`. Extruded top distance. If this equals `bottom`, the polygon will not be
#' extruded and just the one side will be rendered.
#' @param bottom Default `0`. Extruded bottom distance. If this equals `top`, the polygon will not be
#' extruded and just the one side will be rendered.
#' @param holes Default `0`. If passing in a polygon directly, this specifies which index represents
#' the holes in the polygon. See the `earcut` function in the `decido` package for more information.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param center Default `FALSE`. Whether to center the polygon at the origin.
#' @param flip_horizontal Default `FALSE`. Flip polygon horizontally in the plane defined by `plane`.
#' @param flip_vertical Default `FALSE`. Flip polygon vertically in the plane defined by `plane`.
#' @param data_column_top Default `NULL`. A string indicating the column in the `sf` object to use
#' to specify the top of the extruded polygon.
#' @param data_column_bottom Default `NULL`. A string indicating the column in the `sf` object to use
#' to specify the bottom of the extruded polygon.
#' @param scale_data Default `1`. If specifying `data_column_top` or `data_column_bottom`, how
#' much to scale that value when rendering.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Multiple row tibble describing the extruded polygon in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' angles = seq(0, 360, by = 36)
#' xx = rev(c(rep(c(1, 0.5), 5), 1) * sinpi(angles / 180))
#' yy = rev(c(rep(c(1, 0.5), 5), 1) * cospi(angles / 180))
#' star_polygon = data.frame(x = xx, y = yy)
#'
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = 0,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' star_polygon,
#' top = 0.5,
#' bottom = 0,
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 4,
#' x = -3,
#' z = -3,
#' material = light(intensity = 30)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 2, 3),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0.5, 0),
#' fov = 60
#' )
#'
#'#Now, let's add a hole to the center of the polygon. We'll make the polygon
#'#hollow by shrinking it, combining it with the normal size polygon,
#'#and specify with the `holes` argument that everything after `nrow(star_polygon)`
#'#in the following should be used to draw a hole:
#'
#' hollow_star = rbind(star_polygon, 0.8 * star_polygon)
#'
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 4,
#' x = -3,
#' z = -3,
#' material = light(intensity = 30)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 2, 4),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0, 0),
#' fov = 30
#' )
#'
#'# Render one in the y-x plane as well by changing the `plane` argument,
#'# as well as offset it slightly.
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon),
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' y = 1.2,
#' z = -1.2,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' plane = "yx",
#' material = diffuse(color = "green", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y = 4, x = -3, material = light(intensity = 30))) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 2, 4),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0.9, 0),
#' fov = 40
#' )
#'
#'# Now add the zy plane:
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' material = diffuse(color = "red", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' y = 1.2,
#' z = -1.2,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' plane = "yx",
#' material = diffuse(color = "green", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' hollow_star,
#' top = 0.25,
#' bottom = 0,
#' y = 1.2,
#' x = 1.2,
#' holes = nrow(star_polygon) + 1,
#' plane = "zy",
#' material = diffuse(color = "blue", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y = 4, x = 3, material = light(intensity = 30))) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(4, 2, 4),
#' samples = 16,
#' lookat = c(0, 0.9, 0),
#' fov = 40
#' )
#'
#'#We can also directly pass in sf polygons:
#' if (length(find.package("spData", quiet = TRUE)) > 0) {
#' us_states = spData::us_states
#' texas = us_states[us_states$NAME == "Texas", ]
#' #Fix no sfc class in us_states geometry data
#' class(texas$geometry) = c("list", "sfc")
#' }
#'
#'#This uses the raw coordinates, unless `center = TRUE`, which centers the bounding box
#'#of the polygon at the origin.
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' texas,
#' center = TRUE,
#' material = diffuse(color = "#ff2222", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = -30,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "lightblue", intensity = 40)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 10, -10),
#' samples = 16,
#' fov = 60
#' )
#'
#'#Here we use the raw coordinates, but offset the polygon manually.
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = -0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20")
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' us_states,
#' x = 96,
#' z = -40,
#' top = 2,
#' material = diffuse(color = "#ff2222", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = -100,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "dodgerblue", intensity = 200)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = 100,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "orange", intensity = 200)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(0, 120, -120),
#' samples = 160,
#' fov = 20
#' )
#'
#'#We can also set the map the height of each polygon to a column in the sf object,
#'#scaling it down by the maximum population state.
#'
#' generate_ground(
#' depth = 0,
#' material = diffuse(color = "grey50", checkercolor = "grey20", sigma = 90)
#' ) |>
#' add_object(extruded_polygon(
#' us_states,
#' x = 96,
#' z = -45,
#' data_column_top = "total_pop_15",
#' scale_data = 1 / max(us_states$total_pop_15) * 5,
#' material = diffuse(color = "#ff2222", sigma = 90)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = -100,
#' z = 60,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "dodgerblue", intensity = 250)
#' )) |>
#' add_object(sphere(
#' y = 30,
#' x = 100,
#' z = -60,
#' radius = 10,
#' material = light(color = "orange", intensity = 200)
#' )) |>
#' render_scene(
#' parallel = TRUE,
#' lookfrom = c(60, 50, -40),
#' lookat = c(0, -5, 0),
#' samples = 160,
#' fov = 30
#' )
extruded_polygon = function(
polygon = NULL,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
plane = "xz",
top = 1,
bottom = 0,
holes = NULL,
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
material = diffuse(),
center = FALSE,
flip_horizontal = FALSE,
flip_vertical = FALSE,
data_column_top = NULL,
data_column_bottom = NULL,
scale_data = 1,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
reversed = FALSE
if (!is.character(plane) || length(plane) != 1L || is.na(plane)) {
stop("plane must be scalar character and not NA")
}
if (tolower(plane) %in% c("xy", "yx", "xz", "zx", "zy", "yz")) {
if (plane == "xz") {
planeval = 1
reversed = TRUE
} else if (plane == "zx") {
planeval = 2
} else if (plane == "xy") {
planeval = 3
reversed = TRUE
} else if (plane == "yx") {
planeval = 4
} else if (plane == "zy") {
planeval = 5
reversed = TRUE
} else if (plane == "yz") {
planeval = 6
}
} else {
stop("Plane ", plane, " not recognized.")
}
permute_axes = function(x, plane_val) {
if (plane_val == 1) {
return(x)
}
if (plane_val == 2) {
return(x[c(3, 2, 1)])
}
if (plane_val == 3) {
return(x[c(3, 1, 2)])
}
if (plane_val == 4) {
return(x[c(1, 3, 2)])
}
if (plane_val == 5) {
return(x[c(2, 3, 1)])
}
if (plane_val == 6) {
return(x[c(2, 1, 3)])
}
}
if (top == bottom) {
extruded = FALSE
} else {
extruded = TRUE
}
x_off = -x
y_off = y
z_off = z
poly_list = list()
vertex_list = list()
height_list = list()
bottom_list = list()
holes_start_i_list = list()
base_poly = FALSE
counter = 1
if (inherits(polygon, "sf")) {
if (length(find.package("sf", quiet = TRUE)) == 0) {
stop("sf package required when handling sf objects")
}
poly_info = sf::st_drop_geometry(polygon)
#Remove z dimension from multipolygon z geometry
if (ncol(as.matrix(sf::st_geometry(polygon)[[1]])) == 3) {
polygon = sf::as_Spatial(sf::st_zm(polygon))
} else {
polygon = sf::as_Spatial(polygon)
}
if (!is.null(data_column_top)) {
if (data_column_top %in% colnames(poly_info)) {
data_vals_top = poly_info[[data_column_top]] * scale_data
} else {
warning(
"Was not able to find data_column_top `",
data_column_top,
"` in sf object."
)
data_vals_top = rep(top, nrow(poly_info))
}
} else {
data_vals_top = rep(top, nrow(poly_info))
}
if (!is.null(data_column_bottom)) {
if (data_column_bottom %in% colnames(poly_info)) {
data_vals_bottom = poly_info[[data_column_bottom]] * scale_data
} else {
warning(
"Was not able to find data_column_top `",
data_column_bottom,
"` in sf object."
)
data_vals_bottom = rep(bottom, nrow(poly_info))
}
} else {
data_vals_bottom = rep(bottom, nrow(poly_info))
}
} else if (
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame") ||
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygons")
) {
data_vals_top = rep(top, nrow(polygon))
data_vals_bottom = rep(bottom, nrow(polygon))
} else {
xylist = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon)
data_vals_top = top[1]
data_vals_bottom = bottom[1]
}
if (
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame") ||
inherits(polygon, "SpatialPolygons")
) {
if (!is.null(holes)) {
warning("holes is not NULL, but is unused when input is sf or Spatial")
}
coord_data = raster::geom(polygon) # See ?raster::geom for col meaning
coord_data = coord_data[order(coord_data[, 1], coord_data[, 2]), ] # just in case
# Holes are only holes if every hole value of `part` column (col 2) is a
# hole to match original code (seems like it should always be true?).
opart = interaction(coord_data[, 1], coord_data[, 2], drop = TRUE)
coord_data[, 4] = stats::ave(coord_data[, 4], opart, FUN = min)
# Every `part` is considered a polygon, unless it is a hole, in which case
# it is assumed to be a hole in the nearest preceding non-hole polygon.
object = coord_data[, 1]
object_new = coord_data[, 3]
object_new[coord_data[, 4] == 1] = min(coord_data[, 3]) - 1L
object_new = cummax(object_new)
coord_data[, 1] = object_new
# give distinct hole ids instead of just 0,1 flag
coord_data[, 4] = coord_data[, 4] * coord_data[, 3]
# remap the new object id to old to get height data
obj_new_len = rle(object_new)[['lengths']]
obj_map_id = object[c(1L, cumsum(obj_new_len)[-length(obj_new_len)] + 1L)]
height_list = as.list(data_vals_top[obj_map_id]) # list for compatibility
bottom_list = as.list(data_vals_bottom[obj_map_id])
poly_list = unname(split.data.frame(
coord_data[, c(5, 6, 4, 2)],
coord_data[, 1]
))
# assume that all holes are after all outer polygons
holes_start_i_list = lapply(
poly_list,
function(x) {
if (!any(x[, 3] > 0)) {
# no hole
0
} else {
which(
c(TRUE, diff(x[, 4]) > 0) & # start position of each "part"
x[, 3] > 0 # that correspond to holes
)
}
}
)
} else {
base_poly = TRUE
xylist = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon)
x = xylist$x
y = xylist$y
if (is.null(holes) || holes == 0) {
holes = 0
} else if (!is.numeric(holes) || anyNA(as.integer(holes))) {
stop("holes must be integer")
} else if (
any(holes < 0L) ||
any(holes > length(x)) ||
(any(holes == 0L) && length(holes) != 1L)
) {
stop("holes must be zero, or contain indices to polygon vertices")
} else if (any(holes < 4)) {
stop(
"holes cannot begin before vertex 4. Hole index here starts at: ",
min(holes)
)
}
holes = as.integer(holes)
# label each vertex with a hole id
if (isTRUE(holes == 0)) {
xy_dat = data.frame(x, y, holes = 0L)
} else {
xy_dat = data.frame(x, y, holes = cumsum(seq_along(x) %in% holes))
}
# close polygons if not closed, must do so for outer and each hole;
# sf and Spatial polygons should be closed
xy_dat_split = split(xy_dat, xy_dat[['holes']])
close_poly = function(dat) {
if (!all(dat[1L, ] == dat[nrow(dat), ])) {
dat[c(seq_len(nrow(dat)), 1L), ]
} else {
dat
}
}
xy_dat_closed = lapply(xy_dat_split, close_poly)
xy_dat_len = vapply(xy_dat_closed, nrow, 0)
holes = if (length(xy_dat_closed) > 1) {
cumsum(xy_dat_len[-length(xy_dat_closed)]) + 1L
} else {
0L
}
xy_dat_fin = do.call(rbind, xy_dat_closed)
rownames(xy_dat_fin) = NULL
holes_start_i_list[[1]] = holes # hole indices for decido::earcut
poly_list[[1]] = as.matrix(xy_dat_fin)
height_list[[1]] = data_vals_top
bottom_list[[1]] = data_vals_bottom
}
# Processing common to base and SF: flip/earcut/center
for (i in seq_along(poly_list)) {
poly_list[[i]][, 1] = -poly_list[[i]][, 1]
if (flip_horizontal) {
poly_list[[i]][, 1] = -poly_list[[i]][, 1]
}
if (flip_vertical) {
poly_list[[i]][, 2] = -poly_list[[i]][, 2]
}
vertex_list[[i]] = matrix(
decido::earcut(poly_list[[i]][, 1:2], holes = holes_start_i_list[[i]]),
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
}
if (center) {
all_vertices = do.call(rbind, poly_list)
middle_x = (max(all_vertices[, 1]) + min(all_vertices[, 1])) / 2
middle_y = (max(all_vertices[, 2]) + min(all_vertices[, 2])) / 2
for (i in seq_along(poly_list)) {
poly_list[[i]][, 1] = poly_list[[i]][, 1] - middle_x
poly_list[[i]][, 2] = poly_list[[i]][, 2] - middle_y
}
}
counter = 1
vert_list = list()
idx_list = list()
idx_counter = rev(c(1, 2, 3))
for (poly in 1:length(poly_list)) {
x = poly_list[[poly]][, 1]
y = poly_list[[poly]][, 2]
vertices = vertex_list[[poly]]
height_poly = height_list[[poly]]
bottom_poly = bottom_list[[poly]]
for (i in 1:nrow(vertices)) {
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 3]], bottom_poly, y[vertices[i, 3]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 2]], bottom_poly, y[vertices[i, 2]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 1]], bottom_poly, y[vertices[i, 1]]),
planeval
)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
if (extruded) {
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 1]], height_poly, y[vertices[i, 1]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 2]], height_poly, y[vertices[i, 2]]),
planeval
),
scale *
permute_axes(
c(x[vertices[i, 3]], height_poly, y[vertices[i, 3]]),
planeval
)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
}
}
holes = poly_list[[poly]][, 3]
hole_n = table(holes)
if (hole_n[1L] < 4L) {
stop(
"outer polygon for polygon ",
poly,
" only has ",
hole_n[1L],
" vertices including the closing vertex; needs at least 4."
)
} else if (any(hole_n[-1L] < 4L)) {
stop(
"hole polygon(s) ",
paste0(names(hole_n[-1L])[hole_n[-1L] < 4L], collapse = ", "),
" for poly ",
poly,
" do not have at least 4 vertices ",
"including the closing vertex."
)
}
if (extruded) {
for (polyv in split(seq_along(x), holes)) {
# Find which direction polygon is wound by computing signed area,
# assumes non-intersecting polygon (side is a closed polygon). CW
# outer polygon need to flip sides, as do CCW holes
i = polyv[seq_len(length(polyv) - 1L)]
ii = polyv[seq_len(length(polyv) - 1L) + 1L] # i + 1
area_s = sum(x[i] * y[ii] - x[ii] * y[i]) / 2
ccw = area_s >= 0 # treat degenerates as counter-clockwise
side_rev = ((holes[polyv[1L]] == 0L && !ccw) ||
(holes[polyv[1L]] != 0L && ccw))
for (i in seq_len(length(polyv) - 1L)) {
# polygons are closed
xi = x[polyv[i]] # vertex i
yi = y[polyv[i]]
xii = x[polyv[i + 1L]] # vertex i + 1
yii = y[polyv[i + 1L]]
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale * permute_axes(c(xi, height_poly, yi), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xi, bottom_poly, yi), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xii, bottom_poly, yii), planeval)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
if (!xor(reversed, side_rev)) {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(rev(idx_counter), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
} else {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
}
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
vert_list[[counter]] = matrix(
c(
scale * permute_axes(c(xi, height_poly, yi), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xii, bottom_poly, yii), planeval),
scale * permute_axes(c(xii, height_poly, yii), planeval)
),
ncol = 3,
nrow = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
if (!xor(reversed, side_rev)) {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(rev(idx_counter), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
} else {
idx_list[[counter]] = matrix(idx_counter, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
}
idx_counter = idx_counter + 3
counter = counter + 1
}
}
}
}
v_mat = do.call(rbind, vert_list)
i_mat = do.call(rbind, idx_list)
mesh = list()
mesh$vb = t(v_mat)
mesh$it = t(i_mat)
class(mesh) = "mesh3d"
return(mesh3d_model(
mesh,
x = x_off,
y = y_off,
z = z_off,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
override_material = TRUE,
material = material
))
}
#' Cone Object
#'
#'
#' @param start Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Base of the cone, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param end Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. Tip of the cone, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param radius Default `1`. Radius of the bottom of the cone.
#' @param direction Default `NA`. Alternative to `start` and `end`, specify the direction (via
#' a length-3 vector) of the cone. Cone will be centered at `start`, and the length will be
#' determined by the magnitude of the direction vector.
#' @param from_center Default `TRUE`. If orientation specified via `direction`, setting this argument
#' to `FALSE` will make `start` specify the bottom of the cone, instead of the middle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Rotation angle. Note: This will change the `start` and `end` coordinates.
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Notes: this will change the stated start/end position of the cone.
#' Emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cone in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a cone in a studio, pointing upwards:
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(0,-1,0), end=c(0,1,0), radius=1,material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,clamp_value=10)
#' #Change the radius, length, and direction
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(0,0,0), end=c(0,-1,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,clamp_value=10)
#' #Give custom start and end points (and customize the color/texture)
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(-1,0.5,-1), end=c(0,0,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(1,0.5,-1), end=c(0,0,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(0,1,-1), end=c(0,0,0), radius=0.5,material=diffuse(color="orange"))) |>
#' add_object(cone(start=c(-1,-0.5,0), end=c(1,-0.5,0), radius=0.25,
#' material = diffuse(color="red",gradient_color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,clamp_value=10)
#' #Specify cone via direction and location, instead of start and end positions
#' #Length is derived from the magnitude of the direction.
#' gold_mat = microfacet(roughness=0.1,eta=c(0.216,0.42833,1.3184), kappa=c(3.239,2.4599,1.8661))
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(-1,0,0), direction = c(-0.5,0.5,0), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(1,0,0), direction = c(0.5,0.5,0), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,0,-1), direction = c(0,0.5,-0.5), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,0,1), direction = c(0,0.5,0.5), material = gold_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,material=light())) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,x=-3,z=-3,material=light(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,x=3,z=-3,material=light(color="green"))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom=c(0,4,-10), clamp_value=10, samples=16)
#' #Render the position from the base, instead of the center of the cone:
#' noise_mat = material = glossy(color="purple",noisecolor="blue", noise=5)
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,-1,0), from_center = FALSE, radius=1, direction = c(0,2,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(-1.5,-1,0), from_center = FALSE, radius=0.5, direction = c(0,1,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(1.5,-1,0), from_center = FALSE, radius=0.5, direction = c(0,1,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(cone(start = c(0,-1,1.5), from_center = FALSE, radius=0.5, direction = c(0,1,0),
#' material = noise_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,material=light(intensity=40))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom=c(0,4,-10), clamp_value=10,fov=25, samples=16)
cone = function(
start = c(0, 0, 0),
end = c(0, 1, 0),
radius = 0.5,
direction = NA,
from_center = TRUE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
return(raymesh_model(
rayvertex::cone_mesh(
start = start,
end = end,
radius = radius,
direction = direction,
from_center = from_center
),
material = material,
angle = angle,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
))
}
#' Arrow Object
#'
#' Composite object (cone + segment)
#'
#' @param start Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Base of the arrow, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param end Default `c(0, 1, 0)`. Tip of the arrow, specifying `x`, `y`, `z`.
#' @param radius_top Default `0.5`. Radius of the top of the arrow.
#' @param radius_tail Default `0.2`. Radius of the tail of the arrow.
#' @param tail_proportion Default `0.5`. Proportion of the arrow that is the tail.
#' @param direction Default `NA`. Alternative to `start` and `end`, specify the direction (via
#' a length-3 vector) of the arrow. Arrow will be centered at `start`, and the length will be
#' determined by the magnitude of the direction vector.
#' @param from_center Default `TRUE`. If orientation specified via `direction`, setting this argument
#' to `FALSE` will make `start` specify the bottom of the cone, instead of the middle.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly. Notes: this will change the stated start/end position of the cone.
#' Emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cone in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Draw a simple arrow from x = -1 to x = 1
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,0,0), end = c(1,0,0), material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,material=light(intensity=20))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, samples=16)
#' #Change the proportion of tail to top
#' generate_studio(depth=-2) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,-1,0), end = c(1,-1,0), tail_proportion = 0.5,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,0,0), end = c(1,0,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,1,0), end = c(1,1,0), tail_proportion = 0.9,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, fov=25, samples=16)
#' #Change the radius of the tail/top segments
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,-1,0), end = c(1,-1,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' radius_top = 0.1, radius_tail=0.03,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,0,0), end = c(1,0,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' radius_top = 0.2, radius_tail=0.1,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,1,0), end = c(1,1,0), tail_proportion = 0.75,
#' radius_top = 0.3, radius_tail=0.2,
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, samples=16)
#' #We can also specify arrows via a midpoint and direction:
#' generate_studio(depth=-1) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(-1,-0.5,0), direction = c(0,0,1),
#' material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(1,-0.5,0), direction = c(0,0,-1),
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(0,-0.5,1), direction = c(1,0,0),
#' material=glossy(color="yellow"))) |>
#' add_object(arrow(start = c(0,-0.5,-1), direction = c(-1,0,0),
#' material=glossy(color="purple"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value=10, samples=16,
#' lookfrom=c(0,5,10), lookat=c(0,-0.5,0), fov=16)
#' #Plot a 3D vector field for a gravitational well:
#'
#' r = 1.5
#' theta_vals = seq(0,2*pi,length.out = 16)[-16]
#' phi_vals = seq(0,pi,length.out = 16)[-16][-1]
#' arrow_list = list()
#' counter = 1
#' for(theta in theta_vals) {
#' for(phi in phi_vals) {
#' rval = c(r*sin(phi)*cos(theta),r*cos(phi),r*sin(phi)*sin(theta))
#' arrow_list[[counter]] = arrow(rval, direction = -1/2*rval/sqrt(sum(rval*rval))^3,
#' tail_proportion = 0.66, radius_top=0.03, radius_tail=0.01,
#' material = diffuse(color="red"))
#' counter = counter + 1
#' }
#' }
#' vector_field = do.call(rbind,arrow_list)
#' sphere(material=diffuse(noise=1,color="blue",noisecolor="darkgreen")) |>
#' add_object(vector_field) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=0,x=10,z=-5,material=light(intensity=200))) |>
#' render_scene(fov=20, ambient=TRUE, samples=16,
#' backgroundlow="black",backgroundhigh="white")
arrow = function(
start = c(0, 0, 0),
end = c(0, 1, 0),
radius_top = 0.2,
radius_tail = 0.1,
tail_proportion = 0.5,
direction = NA,
from_center = TRUE,
material = diffuse(),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
stopifnot(tail_proportion > 0 && tail_proportion < 1)
head_proportion = 1 - tail_proportion
from_direction = TRUE
if (any(is.na(direction)) || length(direction) != 3) {
direction = end - start
from_direction = FALSE
}
if (from_center && from_direction) {
start = start - direction / 2
}
start_segment = start
end_segment = start + direction * tail_proportion
start_tip = end_segment - direction / 100
end_tip = start + direction + direction / 100
segment(
start = start_segment,
end = end_segment,
radius = radius_tail,
material = material,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
) |>
add_object(cone(
start = start_tip,
end = end_tip,
radius = radius_top,
material = material,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
))
}
#' Bezier Curve Object
#'
#' Bezier curve, defined by 4 control points.
#'
#' @param p1 Default `c(0,0,0)`. First control point. Can also be a list of 4 length-3 numeric vectors
#' or 4x3 matrix/data.frame specifying the x/y/z control points.
#' @param p2 Default `c(-1,0.33,0)`. Second control point.
#' @param p3 Default `c(1,0.66,0)`. Third control point.
#' @param p4 Default `c(0,1,0)`. Fourth control point.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate offset for the curve.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate offset for the curve.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate offset for the curve.
#' @param width Default `0.1`. Curve width.
#' @param width_end Default `NA`. Width at end of path. Same as `width`, unless specified.
#' @param u_min Default `0`. Minimum parametric coordinate for the curve.
#' @param u_max Default `1`. Maximum parametric coordinate for the curve.
#' @param type Default `cylinder`. Other options are `flat` and `ribbon`.
#' @param normal Default `c(0,0,-1)`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves.
#' @param normal_end Default `NA`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves. If not
#' specified, same as `normal`.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate the default curve:
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=13,
#' samples=16)
#'
#' #Change the control points to change the direction of the curve. Here, we place spheres
#' #at the control point locations.
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,x=-1,y=0.33,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,x=1,y=0.66,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(radius=0.075,y=1,material=glossy(color="green"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=15,
#' samples=16)
#' #We can make the curve flat (always facing the camera) by setting the type to `flat`
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(type="flat", material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=13,
#' samples=16)
#' #We can also plot a ribbon, which is further specified by a start and end orientation with
#' #two surface normals.
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2) |>
#' add_object(bezier_curve(type="ribbon", width=0.2,
#' p1 = c(0,0,0), p2 = c(0,0.33,0), p3 = c(0,0.66,0), p4 = c(0.3,1,0),
#' normal_end = c(0,0,1),
#' material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,radius=0.3,
#' material=light(intensity=200, spotlight_focus = c(0,0.5,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(clamp_value = 10, lookat = c(0,0.5,0), fov=13,
#' samples=16)
#' #Create a single curve and copy and rotate it around the y-axis to create a wavy fountain effect:
#' scene_curves = list()
#' for(i in 1:90) {
#' scene_curves[[i]] = bezier_curve(p1 = c(0,0,0),p2 = c(0,5-sinpi(i*16/180),2),
#' p3 = c(0,5-0.5 * sinpi(i*16/180),4),p4 = c(0,0,6),
#' angle=c(0,i*4,0), type="cylinder",
#' width = 0.1, width_end =0.1,material=glossy(color="red"))
#' }
#' all_curves = do.call(rbind, scene_curves)
#' generate_ground(depth=0,material=diffuse(checkercolor="grey20")) |>
#' add_object(all_curves) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=7,z=0,x=0,material=light(intensity=100))) |>
#' render_scene(lookfrom = c(12,20,50),samples=100,
#' lookat=c(0,1,0), fov=15, clamp_value = 10)
#'
bezier_curve = function(
p1 = c(0, 0, 0),
p2 = c(-1, 0.33, 0),
p3 = c(1, 0.66, 0),
p4 = c(0, 1, 0),
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
width = 0.1,
width_end = NA,
u_min = 0,
u_max = 1,
type = "cylinder",
normal = c(0, 0, -1),
normal_end = NA,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (inherits(p1, "list")) {
stopifnot(length(p1) == 4 && all(lapply(p1, (function(x) length(x) == 3))))
p1 = do.call(rbind, p1)
}
if (inherits(p1, "matrix") || inherits(p1, "data.frame")) {
if (dim(p1)[1] == 4 && dim(p1)[2] == 3) {
p2 = p1[2, ]
p3 = p1[3, ]
p4 = p1[4, ]
p1 = p1[1, ]
}
}
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (is.na(width_end)) {
width_end = width
}
stopifnot(u_min < u_max)
stopifnot(length(width) == 1 && is.numeric(width))
stopifnot(length(width_end) == 1 && is.numeric(width_end))
if (all(!is.na(normal)) && all(is.na(normal_end))) {
normal_end = normal
}
if (all(!is.na(normal)) || all(!is.na(normal_end))) {
stopifnot(length(normal) == 3 && is.numeric(normal))
stopifnot(length(normal_end) == 3 && is.numeric(normal_end))
}
if (material[[1]]$type == "hair") {
type = "flat"
}
if (all(is.na(normal)) || type == "cylinder" || type == "flat") {
normal = c(0, 0, 0)
normal_end = c(0, 0, 0)
}
curvetype = unlist(lapply(
tolower(type),
switch,
"flat" = 1,
"cylinder" = 2,
"ribbon" = 3
))
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "curve",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
p1 = p1,
p2 = p2,
p3 = p3,
p4 = p4,
width = width,
width_end = width_end,
u_min = u_min,
u_max = u_max,
curvetype = curvetype,
normal = normal,
normal_end = normal_end
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Path Object
#'
#' Either a closed or open path made up of bezier curves that go through the specified points
#' (with continuous first and second derivatives), or straight line segments.
#'
#' @param points Either a list of length-3 numeric vectors or 3-column matrix/data.frame specifying
#' the x/y/z points that the path should go through.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param closed Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, the path will be closed by smoothly connecting the first
#' and last points.
#' @param closed_smooth Default `TRUE`. If `closed = TRUE`, this will ensure C2 (second derivative)
#' continuity between the ends. If `closed = FALSE`, the curve will only have C1 (first derivative)
#' continuity between the ends.
#' @param straight Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, straight lines will be used to connect the points instead
#' of bezier curves.
#' @param precomputed_control_points Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, `points` argument will expect
#' a list of control points calculated with the internal rayrender function `rayrender:::calculate_control_points()`.
#' @param width Default `0.1`. Curve width.
#' @param width_end Default `NA`. Width at end of path. Same as `width`, unless specified.
#' @param u_min Default `0`. Minimum parametric coordinate for the path.
#' @param u_max Default `1`. Maximum parametric coordinate for the path.
#' @param type Default `cylinder`. Other options are `flat` and `ribbon`.
#' @param normal Default `c(0,0,-1)`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves.
#' @param normal_end Default `NA`. Orientation surface normal for the start of ribbon curves. If not
#' specified, same as `normal`.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a wavy line, showing the line goes through the specified points:
#' wave = list(c(-2,1,0),c(-1,-1,0),c(0,1,0),c(1,-1,0),c(2,1,0))
#' point_mat = glossy(color="green")
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points = wave,material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=-2,y=1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=-1,y=-1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=0,y=1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=1,y=-1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(x=2,y=1,radius=0.1,material=point_mat)) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z=-5,x=5,y=5,radius=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10,fov=30)
#' #Here we use straight lines by setting `straight = TRUE`:
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points = wave,straight = TRUE, material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(z=-5,x=5,y=5,radius=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10,fov=30)
#' #We can also pass a matrix of values, specifying the x/y/z coordinates. Here,
#' #we'll create a random curve:
#' set.seed(21)
#' random_mat = matrix(runif(3*9)*2-1, ncol=3)
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points=random_mat, material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,radius=1,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #We can ensure the curve is closed by setting `closed = TRUE`
#' generate_studio(depth=-1.5) |>
#' add_object(path(points=random_mat, closed = TRUE, material=glossy(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,radius=1,material=light(intensity=30))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Finally, let's render a pretzel to show how you can render just a subset of the curve:
#' pretzel = list(c(-0.8,-0.5,0.1),c(0,-0.2,-0.1),c(0,0.3,0.1),c(-0.5,0.5,0.1), c(-0.6,-0.5,-0.1),
#' c(0,-0.8,-0.1),
#' c(0.6,-0.5,-0.1),c(0.5,0.5,-0.1), c(0,0.3,-0.1),c(-0,-0.2,0.1), c(0.8,-0.5,0.1))
#'
#' #Render the full pretzel:
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Here, we'll render only the first third of the pretzel by setting `u_max = 0.33`
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_max=0.33, material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Here's the last third, by setting `u_min = 0.66`
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_min=0.66, material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10)
#' #Here's the full pretzel, decomposed into thirds using the u_min and u_max coordinates
#' generate_studio(depth = -1.1) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_max=0.33, x = -0.8, y =0.6,
#' material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_min=0.66, x = 0.8, y =0.6,
#' material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(path(pretzel, width=0.17, u_min=0.33, u_max=0.66, x=0,
#' material = glossy(color="#db5b00"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=2,z=-4,material=light(intensity=20,spotlight_focus = c(0,0,0)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16, clamp_value=10, lookfrom=c(0,3,-10))
path = function(
points,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
closed = FALSE,
closed_smooth = TRUE,
straight = FALSE,
precomputed_control_points = FALSE,
width = 0.1,
width_end = NA,
u_min = 0,
u_max = 1,
type = "cylinder",
normal = c(0, 0, -1),
normal_end = NA,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (is.na(width_end)) {
width_end = width
}
if (u_min == u_max) {
return()
}
stopifnot(u_min <= u_max)
stopifnot(length(width) == 1 && is.numeric(width))
stopifnot(length(width_end) == 1 && is.numeric(width_end))
if (all(!is.na(normal)) && all(is.na(normal_end))) {
normal_end = normal
}
if (all(!is.na(normal)) || all(!is.na(normal_end))) {
stopifnot(length(normal) == 3 && is.numeric(normal))
stopifnot(length(normal_end) == 3 && is.numeric(normal_end))
}
if (all(is.na(normal)) || type == "cylinder" || type == "flat") {
normal = c(0, 0, 0)
normal_end = c(0, 0, 0)
}
if (inherits(points, "numeric")) {
stop("Input must either be list, matrix, or data.frame, not numeric.")
}
if (inherits(points, "list") && !precomputed_control_points) {
if (any(unlist(lapply(points, (function(x) length(x) != 3))))) {
stop("If `points` is a list, each entry must be a length-3 vector")
}
points = do.call(rbind, points)
}
if (inherits(points, "data.frame")) {
points = as.matrix(points)
}
if (is.array(points)) {
if (nrow(points) == 1) {
stop("Only one point passed, no path specified.")
}
if (nrow(points) == 2 && closed) {
closed = FALSE
}
}
if (!precomputed_control_points) {
if (inherits(points, "matrix")) {
if (ncol(points) == 3) {
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
points = rbind(
points[c(nrow(points) - 2, nrow(points) - 1, nrow(points)), ],
points,
points[1:3, ]
)
}
if (!straight) {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points(points)
} else {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points_straight(points)
}
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
}
} else {
stop("If points a matrix or data.frame, must have 3 columns")
}
} else {
stop(
"points not of supported type (function expects matrix/data.frame/list, got ",
class(points),
")"
)
}
} else {
full_control_points = points
}
if (closed && !closed_smooth) {
first_point = full_control_points[[1]]
last_point = full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points) + 1]] = last_point
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][4, ] = first_point[1, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][3, ] = 2 *
first_point[1, ] -
first_point[2, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][2, ] = 2 *
last_point[4, ] -
last_point[3, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][1, ] = last_point[4, ]
}
u_min_segment = length(full_control_points) * u_min
u_max_segment = length(full_control_points) * u_max
seg_begin = floor(u_min_segment) + 1
seg_end = floor(u_max_segment) + 1
curve_list = list()
for (i in seq_len(length(full_control_points))) {
u_min_temp = 0
u_max_temp = 1
if (u_min_segment <= i && u_min_segment > i - 1) {
u_min_temp = u_min_segment - (i - 1)
}
if (u_max_segment >= i - 1 && u_max_segment < i) {
u_max_temp = u_max_segment - (i - 1)
}
if (u_min_temp == u_max_temp) {
next
}
if (round(u_max_temp, 8) == 0) {
break
}
temp_width_start = width +
(width_end - width) * (u_min_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
temp_width_end = width +
(width_end - width) * (u_max_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
temp_normal_start = normal +
(normal_end - normal) * (u_min_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
temp_normal_end = normal +
(normal_end - normal) * (u_max_temp + i - 1) / length(full_control_points)
if (seg_begin <= i && seg_end >= i) {
curve_list[[i]] = bezier_curve(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
p1 = full_control_points[[i]],
type = type,
u_min = u_min_temp,
u_max = u_max_temp,
width = temp_width_start,
width_end = temp_width_end,
normal = temp_normal_start,
normal_end = temp_normal_end,
material = material,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
)
}
}
if (length(find.package("dplyr", quiet = TRUE)) > 0) {
return(dplyr::bind_rows(curve_list))
} else {
return(do.call(rbind, curve_list))
}
}
#' Text Object
#'
#' @param label Text string.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate of the center of the label.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate of the center of the label.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate of the center of the label.
#' @param text_height Default `1`. Height of the text.
#' @param font Default `"sans"`. A character string specifying the font family (e.g., `"Arial"`, `"Times"`, `"Helvetica"`).
#' @param font_style A character string specifying the font style, such as `"plain"`, `"italic"`, or `"bold"`. Default is `"plain"`.
#' @param font_color Default `"black"`. The font color.
#' @param font_lineheight Default `12`. The lineheight for strings with newlines.
#' @param font_size Default `100`. The size of the font. Note that this does not control the size of the text, just the resolution
#' as rendered in the texture.
#' @param background_color Default `"white"`. The background color.
#' @param background_alpha Default `0`. The background opacity. `1` is fully opaque.
#' @param orientation Default `xy`. Orientation of the plane. Other options are `yz` and `xz`.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the text in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Generate a label in the cornell box.
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="Cornell Box", x=555/2,y=555/2,z=555/2,text_height=60,
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#' #Change the orientation
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="YZ Plane", x=550,y=555/2,z=555/2,text_height=200,
#' orientation = "yz",
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="XY Plane", z=550,y=555/2,x=555/2,text_height=200,
#' orientation = "xy",
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="XZ Plane", z=555/2,y=5,x=555/2,text_height=200,
#' orientation = "xz",
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#' #Add an label in front of a sphere
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="Cornell Box", x=555/2,y=555/2,z=555/2,text_height=90,
#' material=diffuse(color="grey10"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="Sphere", x=555/2,y=100,z=100,text_height=60,
#' material=diffuse(color="white"), angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=100,radius=100,z=555/2,x=555/2,
#' material=glossy(color="purple"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=555,radius=100,z=-1000,x=555/2,
#' material=light(intensity=100,
#' spotlight_focus=c(555/2,100,100)))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#'
#' #A room full of bees
#' bee_list = list()
#' for(i in 1:100) {
#' bee_list[[i]] = text3d("B", x=20+runif(1)*525, y=20+runif(1)*525, z=20+runif(1)*525,
#' text_height = 50, angle=c(0,0,0))
#' }
#' bees = do.call(rbind,bee_list)
#' generate_cornell() |>
#' add_object(bees) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#' # If you have ragg installed, you can also use color emojis.
#' library(rayrender)
#' generate_cornell(light_position = c(555/2,554,10),
#' lightwidth = 10, lightdepth = 100,
#' lightintensity = 800) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="\U1F30A",font_size = 500,angle=c(0,0,0),
#' x=555/2,y=555/2,z=260,text_height=1000)) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="\U1F6A3", x=180,y=140,z=260-50,
#' text_height=400, font_size = 500,
#' material=diffuse(color="black"),
#' angle=c(0,0,30))) |>
#' add_object(text3d(label="\U1F5FB", x=180,y=230,z=260+50,text_height=300,
#' font_size = 500,material=diffuse(color="black"),
#' angle=c(0,0,0))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16)
#'
#'
#'
text3d = function(
label,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
text_height = 1,
orientation = "xy",
material = diffuse(),
font = "sans",
font_style = "plain",
font_color = "black",
font_lineheight = 1,
font_size = 100,
background_color = "white",
background_alpha = 0,
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
labelfile = tempfile(fileext = ".png")
text_image = rayimage::render_text_image(
label,
font = font,
size = font_size,
color = font_color,
just = "left",
lineheight = font_lineheight,
background_color = background_color,
background_alpha = background_alpha,
) |>
rayimage::render_reorient(flipx = TRUE, filename = labelfile)
height_val_raw = nrow(text_image)
width_val_raw = ncol(text_image)
ratio = text_height / height_val_raw
height_val = text_height
width_val = width_val_raw * ratio
material[[1]]$image = labelfile
if (orientation == "xy" || orientation == "yx") {
rayrender::xy_rect(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
angle = angle,
xwidth = width_val,
ywidth = height_val,
material = material
)
} else if (orientation == "yz" || orientation == "zy") {
rayrender::yz_rect(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
angle = angle,
zwidth = width_val,
ywidth = height_val,
material = material
)
} else if (orientation == "xz" || orientation == "zx") {
rayrender::xz_rect(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
angle = angle,
xwidth = width_val,
zwidth = height_val,
material = material
)
} else {
stop("Orientation ", orientation, " not recognized")
}
}
#' `ply` File Object
#'
#' Load an PLY file via a filepath.
#' Note: light importance sampling currently not supported for this shape.
#'
#' @param filename Filename and path to the `ply` file. Can also be a `txt` file, if it's in the correct `ply` internally.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param scale_ply Default `1`. Amount to scale the model. Use this to scale the object up or down on all axes, as it is
#' more robust to numerical precision errors than the generic scale option.
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the obj model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #See the documentation for `obj_model()`--no example PLY models are included with this package,
#' #but the process of loading a model is the same (without support for vertex colors).
ply_model = function(
filename,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
scale_ply = 1,
subdivision_levels = 1,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
filename = path.expand(filename)
tempcon = file(filename, open = "rt")
on.exit(close(tempcon))
is_ply = scan(tempcon, what = character(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE) == "ply"
if (!is_ply) {
stop(filename, " does not appear to be PLY file.")
}
tokenval = scan(tempcon, what = character(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE)
while (tokenval != "end_header") {
if (tokenval == "vertex") {
if (scan(tempcon, what = integer(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE) == 0) {
warning(filename, " contains no vertices, skipping.")
return()
}
}
if (tokenval == "face") {
if (scan(tempcon, what = integer(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE) == 0) {
warning(filename, " contains no polygon faces, skipping.")
return()
}
}
tokenval = scan(tempcon, what = character(), n = 1, quiet = TRUE)
}
base_dir = function(x) {
dirname_processed = dirname(x)
if (dirname_processed == ".") {
return("")
} else {
return(dirname_processed)
}
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "ply",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
scale_ply = scale_ply,
basename = base_dir(filename),
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = filename,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(NA),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' `mesh3d` model
#'
#' Load an `mesh3d` (or `shapelist3d`) object, as specified in the `rgl` package.
#'
#' @param mesh A `mesh3d` or `shapelist3d` object. Pulls the vertex, index, texture coordinates,
#' normals, and material information. If the material references an image texture, the
#' `mesh$material$texture` argument should be set to the image filename. The `mesh3d` format
#' only supports one image texture per mesh. All quads will be triangulated.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param swap_yz Default `FALSE`. Swap the Y and Z coordinates.
#' @param reverse Default `FALSE`. Reverse the orientation of the indices, flipping their normals.
#' @param verbose Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, prints information about the mesh to the console.
#' @param override_material Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, overrides the material specified in the
#' `mesh3d` object with the one specified in `material`.
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param displacement_texture Default `""`. File path to the displacement texture.
#' This texture is used to displace the vertices of the mesh based on the texture's pixel values.
#' @param displacement_intensity Default `1`. Intensity of the displacement effect.
#' Higher values result in greater displacement.
#' @param displacement_vector Default `FALSE`. Whether to use vector displacement.
#' If `TRUE`, the displacement texture is interpreted as providing a 3D displacement vector.
#' Otherwise, the texture is interpreted as providing a scalar displacement.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}.The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the mesh3d model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Load a mesh3d object (from the Rvcg) and render it:
#' library(Rvcg)
#' data(humface)
#'
#' generate_studio() |>
#' add_object(mesh3d_model(humface,y=-0.3,x=0,z=0,
#' material=glossy(color="dodgerblue4"), scale = 1/70,
#' angle = c(0,180,0))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=5,x=5,z=-5,material=light(intensity=50))) |>
#' render_scene(samples=16,width=800,height=800,
#' lookat = c(0,0.5,1), aperture=0.0)
mesh3d_model = function(
mesh,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
swap_yz = FALSE,
reverse = FALSE,
subdivision_levels = 1,
verbose = FALSE,
displacement_texture = "",
displacement_intensity = 1,
displacement_vector = FALSE,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
override_material = FALSE,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (inherits(mesh, "shapelist3d")) {
shapes = list()
for (shape in seq_len(length(mesh))) {
shapes[[shape]] = mesh3d_model(
mesh[[shape]],
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
swap_yz = swap_yz,
reverse = reverse,
override_material = override_material,
material = material,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale,
verbose = verbose
)
}
return(do.call(rbind, shapes))
}
displacement_texture = check_image_texture(displacement_texture)
if (!inherits(mesh, "mesh3d")) {
stop("mesh must be of class 'mesh3d': actual class is ", class(mesh))
}
vertices = t(mesh$vb)
if (ncol(vertices) == 4) {
vertices = vertices[, 1:3]
}
if (swap_yz) {
vertices = vertices[, c(1, 3, 2)]
}
## there might be triangles, quads, or both
indices = NULL
if (!is.null(mesh$it)) {
indices = t(mesh$it) - 1
}
if (!is.null(mesh$ib)) {
quads = mesh$ib
tri_ind = t(matrix(
rbind(quads[c(1L, 2L, 4L), ], quads[c(2L, 3L, 4L), ]),
3L
)) -
1
indices = rbind(indices, tri_ind)
}
normals = mesh$normals
if (is.null(normals)) {
normals = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 3)
} else {
normals = t(normals)
}
texcoords = mesh$texcoords
if (is.null(texcoords)) {
texcoords = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 2)
} else {
texcoords = t(texcoords)
}
texture = mesh$material$texture
if (!is.null(texture)) {
texture = path.expand(texture)
} else {
texture = ""
}
bump_texture = mesh$material$bump_texture
bump_intensity = 1
if (!is.null(bump_texture)) {
bump_texture = path.expand(bump_texture)
if (!is.null(mesh$material$bump_intensity)) {
bump_intensity = mesh$material$bump_intensity
} else {
bump_intensity = 1
}
} else {
bump_texture = ""
}
face_color_vals = mesh$material$color
if (!is.null(face_color_vals)) {
if (length(face_color_vals) == 1 && texture == "") {
face_color_vals = rep(face_color_vals, nrow(indices))
mesh$meshColor = "faces"
}
if (!is.matrix(face_color_vals)) {
color_vals = matrix(
convert_color(face_color_vals),
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
} else {
color_vals = face_color_vals
}
} else {
color_vals = matrix(nrow = 0, ncol = 0)
}
if (!is.null(mesh$meshColor)) {
color_type = switch(mesh$meshColor, "vertices" = 1, "faces" = 2, 3)
if (color_type == 1) {
if (is.null(texcoords) && nrow(color_vals) == nrow(vertices)) {
color_type = 4
} else {
if (texture == "" && bump_texture == "") {
warning(
"material set as vertex color but no texture or bump map passed--ignoring mesh3d material."
)
color_type = 3
}
}
}
} else {
color_type = 3
}
if (override_material) {
color_type = 1
}
if (reverse) {
indices = indices[, c(3, 2, 1)]
}
material_type = switch(
material[[1]]$type,
"diffuse" = 1,
"metal" = 2,
"dielectric" = 3,
"oren-nayar" = 4,
"light" = 5,
"mf" = 6,
"glossy" = 7,
"spotlight" = 8,
"hair" = 9,
"mf-t" = 10
)
mesh_info = list(
vertices = vertices,
indices = indices,
normals = normals,
texcoords = texcoords,
texture = texture,
bump_texture = bump_texture,
bump_intensity = bump_intensity,
color_vals = color_vals,
color_type = color_type,
material_type = material_type,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
displacement_texture = displacement_texture,
displacement_intensity = displacement_intensity,
displacement_vector = displacement_vector,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
)
if (verbose) {
bbox = apply(vertices, 2, range)
message(sprintf(
"mesh3d Bounding Box: %0.1f-%0.1f x %0.1f-%0.1f x %0.1f-%0.1f",
bbox[1, 1],
bbox[2, 1],
bbox[1, 2],
bbox[2, 2],
bbox[1, 3],
bbox[2, 3]
))
}
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "mesh3d",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(NA),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(mesh_info),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
#' Extruded Path Object
#'
#' Note: Bump mapping with non-diffuse materials does not work correctly, and smoothed normals will be flat when
#' using a bump map.
#'
#' @param points Either a list of length-3 numeric vectors or 3-column matrix/data.frame specifying
#' the x/y/z points that the path should go through.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate offset for the path.
#' @param polygon Defaults to a circle. A polygon with no holes, specified by a data.frame() parsable by `xy.coords()`. Vertices
#' are taken as sequential rows. If the polygon isn't closed (the last vertex equal to the first), it will be closed automatically.
#' @param polygon_end Defaults to `polygon`. If specified, the number of vertices should equal the to the number of vertices
#' of the polygon set in `polygon`. Vertices are taken as sequential rows. If the polygon isn't closed (the last vertex equal to the first), it will be closed automatically.
#' @param breaks Defaults to `20` times the number of control points in the bezier curve.
#' @param closed Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, the path will be closed by smoothly connecting the first
#' and last points, also ensuring the final polygon is aligned to the first.
#' @param closed_smooth Default `TRUE`. If `closed = TRUE`, this will ensure C2 (second derivative)
#' continuity between the ends. If `closed = FALSE`, the curve will only have C1 (first derivative)
#' continuity between the ends.
#' @param polygon_add_points Default `0`. Positive integer specifying the number of points to fill in between polygon
#' vertices. Higher numbers can give smoother results (especially when combined with `smooth_normals = TRUE`.
#' @param twists Default `0`. Number of twists in the polygon from one end to another.
#' @param straight Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, straight lines will be used to connect the points instead
#' of bezier curves.
#' @param precomputed_control_points Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, `points` argument will expect
#' a list of control points calculated with the internal rayrender function `rayrender:::calculate_control_points()`.
#' @param width Default `0.1`. Curve width. If `width_ease == "spline"`, `width` is specified in a format that can be read by
#' `xy.coords()` (with `y` as the width), and the `x` coordinate is between `0` and `1`, this can also specify the exact
#' positions along the curve for the corresponding width values. If a numeric vector, specifies the different values of the width evenly along the curve.
#' If not a single value, `width_end` will be ignored.
#' @param width_end Default `NA`. Width at end of path. Same as `width`, unless specified. Ignored if multiple width values
#' specified in `width`.
#' @param width_ease Default `spline`. Ease function between width values. Other options: `linear`, `quad`, `cubic`, `exp`.
#' @param u_min Default `0`. Minimum parametric coordinate for the path. If `closed = TRUE`, values greater than one will refer to the beginning
#' of the loop (but the path will be generated as two objects).
#' @param u_max Default `1`. Maximum parametric coordinate for the path. If `closed = TRUE`, values greater than one will refer to the beginning
#' of the loop (but the path will be generated as two objects).
#' @param texture_repeats Default `1`. Number of times to repeat the texture along the length of the path.
#' @param smooth_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to smooth the normals of the polygon to remove sharp angles.
#' @param linear_step Default `FALSE`. Whether the polygon intervals should be set at linear intervals,
#' rather than intervals based on the underlying bezier curve parameterization.
#' @param end_caps Default `c(TRUE, TRUE)`. Specifies whether to add an end cap to the beginning and end of a path.
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions.
#' @param material_caps Defaults to the same material set in `material`.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' @importFrom grDevices col2rgb
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the cube in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Specify the points for the path to travel though and the ground material
#' points = list(c(0,0,1),c(-0.5,0,-1),c(0,1,-1),c(1,0.5,0),c(0.6,0.3,1))
#' ground_mat = material=diffuse(color="grey50",
#' checkercolor = "grey20",checkerperiod = 1.5)
#' #Default path shape is a circle
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.25,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Change the width evenly along the tube
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.25,
#' width_end = 0.5,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Change the width along the full length of the tube
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points,
#' width=0.25*sinpi(0:72*20/180),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Specify the exact parametric x positions for the width values:
#' custom_width = data.frame(x=c(0,0.2,0.5,0.8,1), y=c(0.25,0.5,0,0.5,0.25))
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points,
#' width=custom_width,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Generate a star polygon
#' angles = seq(360,0,length.out=21)
#' xx = c(rep(c(1,0.75,0.5,0.75),5),1) * sinpi(angles/180)/4
#' yy = c(rep(c(1,0.75,0.5,0.75),5),1) * cospi(angles/180)/4
#' star_polygon = data.frame(x=xx,y=yy)
#'
#' #Extrude a path using a star polygon
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5,
#' polygon = star_polygon,
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,1),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Specify a circle polygon
#' angles = seq(360,0,length.out=21)
#' xx = sinpi(angles/180)/4
#' yy = cospi(angles/180)/4
#' circ_polygon = data.frame(x=xx,y=yy)
#'
#' #Transform from the circle polygon to the star polygon and change the end cap material
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5,
#' polygon=circ_polygon, polygon_end = star_polygon,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0.5),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Add three and a half twists along the path, and make sure the breaks are evenly spaced
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5, twists = 3.5,
#' polygon=star_polygon, linear_step = TRUE, breaks=360,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Smooth the normals for a less sharp appearance:
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5, twists = 3.5,
#' polygon=star_polygon,
#' linear_step = TRUE, breaks=360,
#' smooth_normals = TRUE,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Only generate part of the curve, specified by the u_min and u_max arguments
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.4,material=ground_mat) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.5, twists = 3.5,
#' u_min = 0.2, u_max = 0.8,
#' polygon=star_polygon, linear_step = TRUE, breaks=360,
#' material_cap = diffuse(color="white"),
#' material=diffuse(color="red"))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=3,z=-5,x=2,material=light(intensity=15))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0.3,0.5,0),fov=12, width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#' #Render a Mobius strip with 1.5 turns
#' points = list(c(0,0,0),c(0.5,0.5,0),c(0,1,0),c(-0.5,0.5,0))
#' square_polygon = matrix(c(-1, -0.1, 0,
#' 1, -0.1, 0,
#' 1, 0.1, 0,
#' -1, 0.1, 0)/10, ncol=3,byrow = T)
#'
#' generate_studio(depth=-0.2,
#' material=diffuse(color = "dodgerblue4", checkercolor = "#002a61",
#' checkerperiod = 1)) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, polygon=square_polygon, closed = TRUE,
#' linear_step = TRUE, twists = 1.5, breaks = 720,
#' material = diffuse(noisecolor = "black", noise = 10,
#' noiseintensity = 10))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=20,x=0,z=-21,material=light(intensity = 1000))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0,0.5,0), fov=10, samples=16, sample_method = "sobol_blue",
#' width = 800, height=800)
#' #Create a green glass tube with the dielectric priority interface
#' #and fill it with a purple neon tube light
#' generate_ground(depth=-0.4,material=diffuse(color="grey50",
#' checkercolor = "grey20",checkerperiod = 1.5)) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.7, linear_step = TRUE,
#' polygon = star_polygon, twists = 2, closed = TRUE,
#' polygon_end = star_polygon, breaks=500,
#' material=dielectric(priority = 1, refraction = 1.2,
#' attenuation=c(1,0.3,1),
#' attenuation_intensity=20))) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.4, linear_step = TRUE,
#' polygon = star_polygon,twists = 2, closed = TRUE,
#' polygon_end = star_polygon, breaks=500,
#' material=dielectric(priority = 0,refraction = 1))) |>
#' add_object(extruded_path(points = points, width=0.05, closed = TRUE,
#' material=light(color="purple", intensity = 5,
#' importance_sample = FALSE))) |>
#' add_object(sphere(y=10,z=-5,x=0,radius=5,material=light(color = "white",intensity = 5))) |>
#' render_scene(lookat=c(0,0.5,1),fov=10,
#' width=800,height=800, clamp_value = 10,
#' aperture=0.025, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
extruded_path = function(
points,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
polygon = NA,
polygon_end = NA,
breaks = NA,
closed = FALSE,
closed_smooth = TRUE,
polygon_add_points = 0,
twists = 0,
texture_repeats = 1,
straight = FALSE,
precomputed_control_points = FALSE,
width = 1,
width_end = NA,
width_ease = "spline",
smooth_normals = FALSE,
u_min = 0,
u_max = 1,
linear_step = FALSE,
end_caps = c(TRUE, TRUE),
material = diffuse(),
material_caps = NA,
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1)
) {
if (closed) {
if ((u_max - u_min) >= 1) {
u_min = 0
u_max = 1
end_caps = c(FALSE, FALSE)
} else {
while (u_min >= 1) {
u_min = u_min - 1
}
while (u_max > 1) {
u_max = u_max - 1
}
if (u_max == 0 && u_min > 0) {
u_max = 1
}
}
if (u_max < u_min) {
combined_return = add_object(
extruded_path(
points = points,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
polygon = polygon,
polygon_end = polygon_end,
breaks = breaks,
closed = closed,
closed_smooth = closed_smooth,
polygon_add_points = polygon_add_points,
twists = twists,
texture_repeats = texture_repeats,
straight = straight,
precomputed_control_points = precomputed_control_points,
width = width,
width_end = width_end,
width_ease = width_ease,
smooth_normals = smooth_normals,
u_min = 0,
u_max = u_max,
linear_step = linear_step,
end_caps = c(FALSE, TRUE),
material = material,
material_caps = material_caps,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
),
extruded_path(
points = points,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
polygon = polygon,
polygon_end = polygon_end,
breaks = breaks,
closed = closed,
closed_smooth = closed_smooth,
polygon_add_points = polygon_add_points,
twists = twists,
texture_repeats = texture_repeats,
straight = straight,
precomputed_control_points = precomputed_control_points,
width = width,
width_end = width_end,
width_ease = width_ease,
smooth_normals = smooth_normals,
u_min = u_min,
u_max = 1,
linear_step = linear_step,
end_caps = c(TRUE, FALSE),
material = material,
material_caps = material_caps,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
)
)
material_id_old = get("max_material_id", envir = ray_environment)
material_id_new = material_id_old + 1L
assign("max_material_id", material_id_new, envir = ray_environment)
combined_return$shape_info[[1]]$material_id = material_id_new
combined_return$shape_info[[2]]$material_id = material_id_new
return(combined_return)
}
}
if (is.null(dim(polygon))) {
angles = seq(0, 360, length.out = 31)
xx = 1 / 2 * sinpi(angles / 180)
yy = 1 / 2 * cospi(angles / 180)
polygon = as.matrix(data.frame(x = xx, y = yy, z = 0))
} else {
polygon = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon)
polygon = data.frame(x = polygon$x, y = polygon$y, z = 0)
}
same_polygon = TRUE
if (is.null(dim(polygon_end))) {
polygon_end = polygon
} else {
if (nrow(polygon_end) != nrow(polygon)) {
stop("`polygon` and `polygon_end` must have same number of vertices")
}
same_polygon = FALSE
polygon_end = grDevices::xy.coords(polygon_end)
polygon_end = data.frame(x = polygon_end$x, y = polygon_end$y, z = 0)
}
if (ncol(polygon) == 2) {
polygon = cbind(polygon, rep(0, nrow(polygon)))
}
if (ncol(polygon_end) == 2) {
polygon_end = cbind(polygon_end, rep(0, nrow(polygon_end)))
}
#Process polygon orientation
i = seq_len(nrow(polygon) - 1)
reverse_poly = sum(
polygon[i, 1] * polygon[i + 1, 2] - polygon[i + 1, 1] * polygon[i, 2]
) >
0
if (reverse_poly) {
polygon = polygon[nrow(polygon):1, ]
}
i = seq_len(nrow(polygon_end) - 1)
reverse_poly = sum(
polygon_end[i, 1] *
polygon_end[i + 1, 2] -
polygon_end[i + 1, 1] * polygon_end[i, 2]
) >
0
if (reverse_poly) {
polygon_end = polygon_end[nrow(polygon_end):1, ]
}
if (any(polygon[1, ] != polygon[nrow(polygon), ])) {
polygon = rbind(polygon, polygon[1, ])
}
if (any(polygon_end[1, ] != polygon_end[nrow(polygon_end), ])) {
polygon_end = rbind(polygon_end, polygon_end[1, ])
}
if (polygon_add_points > 0) {
polygon = add_points_polygon(polygon, polygon_add_points)
polygon_end = add_points_polygon(polygon_end, polygon_add_points)
}
normal_poly = list()
normal_poly_end = list()
if (smooth_normals) {
revisit = rep(FALSE, nrow(polygon))
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon))) {
if (i == 1 || i == nrow(polygon)) {
vert1 = nrow(polygon) - 1
vert2 = 1
vert3 = 2
} else if (i < nrow(polygon)) {
vert1 = i - 1
vert2 = i
vert3 = i + 1
}
edge1 = polygon[vert1, ] - polygon[vert2, ]
edge2 = polygon[vert3, ] - polygon[vert2, ]
edge1 = edge1 / sqrt(sum(edge1^2))
edge2 = edge2 / sqrt(sum(edge2^2))
if (abs(abs(sum(edge1 * edge2)) - 1) < 1e-8) {
temp_norm = NA
revisit[i] = TRUE
} else {
temp_norm = as.numeric(edge1 + edge2)
}
if (!revisit[i] && cross_prod(edge1, temp_norm)[3] > 0) {
temp_norm = -temp_norm
}
normal_poly[[i]] = matrix(temp_norm, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
if (!revisit[i]) {
normal_poly[[i]] = normal_poly[[i]] / sqrt(sum(normal_poly[[i]]^2))
if (any(is.nan(normal_poly[[i]]))) {
stop("NaN coordinates found in smoothed normals--is polygon correct?")
}
}
}
if (any(revisit)) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon))) {
if (revisit[i]) {
idx1 = i
idx2 = i
n = 0L
inds = c(i)
while (revisit[idx1]) {
idx1 = idx1 - 1L
if (idx1 == 0L) {
idx1 = nrow(polygon)
}
inds = c(idx1, inds)
n = n + 1L
}
while (revisit[idx2]) {
idx2 = idx2 + 1L
if (idx2 == nrow(polygon) + 1L) {
idx2 = 1L
}
inds = c(inds, idx2)
n = n + 1L
}
norm_prev = normal_poly[[idx1]]
norm_next = normal_poly[[idx2]]
tween_norms = slerp(norm_prev, norm_next, n = n + 1)
for (idx in seq_len(length(inds) - 1)[-1]) {
normal_poly[[inds[idx]]] = tween_norms[[idx]]
revisit[inds[idx]] = FALSE
}
}
}
}
revisit = rep(FALSE, nrow(polygon_end))
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon_end))) {
if (i == 1 || i == nrow(polygon_end)) {
vert1 = nrow(polygon_end) - 1
vert2 = 1
vert3 = 2
} else if (i < nrow(polygon_end)) {
vert1 = i - 1
vert2 = i
vert3 = i + 1
}
edge1 = polygon_end[vert1, ] - polygon_end[vert2, ]
edge2 = polygon_end[vert3, ] - polygon_end[vert2, ]
edge1 = edge1 / sqrt(sum(edge1^2))
edge2 = edge2 / sqrt(sum(edge2^2))
if (abs(abs(sum(edge1 * edge2)) - 1) < 1e-8) {
temp_norm = NA
revisit[i] = TRUE
} else {
temp_norm = as.numeric(edge1 + edge2)
}
if (!revisit[i] && cross_prod(edge1, temp_norm)[3] > 0) {
temp_norm = -temp_norm
}
normal_poly_end[[i]] = matrix(temp_norm, nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
if (!revisit[i]) {
normal_poly_end[[i]] = normal_poly_end[[i]] /
sqrt(sum(normal_poly_end[[i]]^2))
if (any(is.nan(normal_poly_end[[i]]))) {
stop(
"NaN coordinates found in smoothed normals--is polygon_end correct?"
)
}
}
}
if (any(revisit)) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(polygon_end))) {
if (revisit[i]) {
idx1 = i
idx2 = i
n = 0L
inds = c(i)
while (revisit[idx1]) {
idx1 = idx1 - 1L
if (idx1 == 0L) {
idx1 = nrow(polygon_end)
}
inds = c(idx1, inds)
n = n + 1L
}
while (revisit[idx2]) {
idx2 = idx2 + 1L
if (idx2 == nrow(polygon_end) + 1L) {
idx2 = 1L
}
inds = c(inds, idx2)
n = n + 1L
}
norm_prev = normal_poly_end[[idx1]]
norm_next = normal_poly_end[[idx2]]
tween_norms = slerp(norm_prev, norm_next, n = n + 1)
for (idx in seq_len(length(inds) - 1)[-1]) {
normal_poly_end[[inds[idx]]] = tween_norms[[idx]]
revisit[inds[idx]] = FALSE
}
}
}
}
normal_polys = do.call(rbind, normal_poly)
normal_polys_end = do.call(rbind, normal_poly_end)
}
if (u_min == u_max) {
return()
}
if (inherits(points, "numeric")) {
stop("Input must either be list, matrix, or data.frame, not numeric.")
}
if (inherits(points, "list") && !precomputed_control_points) {
if (any(unlist(lapply(points, (function(x) length(x) != 3))))) {
stop("If `points` is a list, each entry must be a length-3 vector")
}
points = do.call(rbind, points)
}
if (inherits(points, "data.frame")) {
points = as.matrix(points)
}
if (is.array(points)) {
if (nrow(points) == 1) {
stop("Only one point passed, no path specified.")
}
if (nrow(points) == 2 && closed) {
closed = FALSE
}
}
if (!precomputed_control_points) {
if (inherits(points, "matrix")) {
if (ncol(points) == 3) {
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
points = rbind(
points[c(nrow(points) - 2, nrow(points) - 1, nrow(points)), ],
points,
points[1:3, ]
)
}
if (!straight) {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points(points)
} else {
full_control_points = calculate_control_points_straight(points)
}
if (closed && closed_smooth) {
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
full_control_points[[1]] = NULL
}
} else {
stop("If points a matrix or data.frame, must have 3 columns")
}
} else {
stop(
"points not of supported type (function expects matrix/data.frame/list, got ",
class(points),
")"
)
}
} else {
full_control_points = points
}
if (closed && !closed_smooth) {
first_point = full_control_points[[1]]
last_point = full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points) + 1]] = last_point
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][4, ] = first_point[1, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][3, ] = 2 *
first_point[1, ] -
first_point[2, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][2, ] = 2 *
last_point[4, ] -
last_point[3, ]
full_control_points[[length(full_control_points)]][1, ] = last_point[4, ]
}
if (any(unlist(lapply(full_control_points, is.na)))) {
stop("`points` should not contain NA/NaN values.")
}
if (is.na(breaks)) {
breaks = length(full_control_points) * 20
}
u_min_segment = floor(breaks * u_min)
u_max_segment = floor(breaks * u_max)
seg_begin = u_min_segment + 1
seg_end = u_max_segment + 1
if (seg_end > breaks - 1) {
seg_end = breaks - 1
}
if (is.na(width_end) && is.numeric(width)) {
width_end = width[1]
}
if (length(width) == 1 && is.numeric(width)) {
width = c(width, width_end)
}
if (is.null(dim(width))) {
width = data.frame(x = seq(0, 1, length.out = length(width)), y = width)
}
width = grDevices::xy.coords(width)
if (linear_step) {
dist_df = calculate_distance_along_bezier_curve(full_control_points, 20)
t_vals = stats::predict(
stats::smooth.spline(dist_df$total_dist, dist_df$t),
seq(0, max(dist_df$total_dist), length.out = breaks)
)$y *
length(full_control_points)
#Numerical precision fix
t_vals[length(t_vals)] = length(full_control_points)
} else {
t_vals = seq(0, length(full_control_points), length.out = breaks)
#Numerical precision fix
t_vals[length(t_vals)] = length(full_control_points)
}
if (width_ease != "spline") {
width_vals = tween(width$y, n = breaks, ease = width_ease)
} else {
width_vals = stats::spline(width, n = breaks)$y
}
width_vals = abs(width_vals)
morph_vals = seq(0, 1, length.out = breaks)
t_init = t_vals[seg_begin]
if (t_init < 0 || closed) {
t_init = 0
}
initial_deriv = eval_bezier_deriv(full_control_points[[1]], t_init)
initial_2nd_deriv = eval_bezier_2nd_deriv(full_control_points[[1]], t_init)
if (all(abs(initial_2nd_deriv) < 1e-6)) {
if (any(cross_prod(c(1, 0, 0), initial_deriv) != 0)) {
initial_2nd_deriv = cross_prod(c(1, 0, 0), initial_deriv)
} else {
initial_2nd_deriv = cross_prod(c(0, 1, 0), initial_deriv)
}
}
t_vec = initial_deriv / sqrt(sum(initial_deriv * initial_deriv))
s_vec = cross_prod(initial_deriv, initial_2nd_deriv)
s_vec = s_vec / sqrt(sum(s_vec * s_vec))
r_vec = cross_prod(s_vec, t_vec)
t_vec0 = t_vec
s_vec0 = s_vec
r_vec0 = r_vec
vertices = list()
texcoords = list()
normals = list()
poly_tex = seq(0, 1, length.out = nrow(polygon))
counter = 1
if (closed && !closed_smooth) {
twist_amount = calculate_final_twist(
full_control_points,
breaks,
t_vals,
t_vec,
s_vec,
r_vec
)
end_angle_r = twists * 2 * pi + twist_amount[1]
# end_angle_s = twist_amount[2]
# end_angle_t = twist_amount[3]
end_angle_s = 0
end_angle_t = 0
} else {
end_angle_r = twists * 2 * pi
end_angle_s = 0
end_angle_t = 0
}
for (i in seq(1, seg_end, by = 1)) {
t_val0 = t_vals[i]
if (t_val0 < 0) {
t_val0 = 0
}
t_val1 = t_vals[i + 1]
if (t_val1 < 0) {
t_val1 = 0
}
width_temp = width_vals[i]
temp_poly = morph_vals[i] * polygon_end + (1 - morph_vals[i]) * polygon
temp_angle_r = morph_vals[i] * end_angle_r
temp_angle_s = morph_vals[i] * end_angle_s
temp_angle_t = morph_vals[i] * end_angle_t
ca = cos(temp_angle_t)
sa = sin(temp_angle_t)
cb = cos(temp_angle_s)
sb = sin(temp_angle_s)
cc = cos(temp_angle_r)
sc = sin(temp_angle_r)
twist_mat = matrix(
c(
cb * cc,
sa * sb * cc - ca * sc,
ca * sb * cc + sa * sc,
cb * sc,
sa * sb * sc + ca * cc,
ca * sb * sc - sa * cc,
-sb,
sa * cb,
ca * cb
),
nrow = 3,
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
rot_mat = matrix(c(s_vec, r_vec, t_vec), 3, 3)
t_temp0 = t_val0 - floor(t_val0)
if (i != breaks - 1) {
t_temp1 = t_val1 - floor(t_val1)
} else {
t_temp1 = 1
}
i0 = floor(t_val0) + 1
if (i != breaks - 1) {
i1 = floor(t_val1) + 1
} else {
i1 = max(c(1, floor(t_val1 + 1e-8)))
}
cp0 = full_control_points[[i0]]
if (i1 <= length(full_control_points)) {
cp1 = full_control_points[[i1]]
} else {
cp1 = cp0
}
x0 = eval_bezier(cp0, t_temp0)
x1 = eval_bezier(cp1, t_temp1)
if (i < length(width_vals)) {
width_norm = -(width_vals[i + 1] - width_vals[i]) / sqrt(sum((x1 - x0)^2))
} else if (i == length(width_vals)) {
width_norm = -(width_vals[i] - width_vals[i - 1]) / sqrt(sum((x1 - x0)^2))
}
if (i >= seg_begin) {
vertices[[counter]] = matrix(
x0,
ncol = 3,
nrow = nrow(polygon),
byrow = TRUE
) +
t((rot_mat %*% twist_mat %*% t(temp_poly * width_temp)))
texcoords[[counter]] = matrix(
c(poly_tex, rep(morph_vals[i] * texture_repeats, nrow(polygon))),
ncol = 2,
nrow = nrow(polygon)
)
if (smooth_normals) {
temp_norm = morph_vals[i] *
normal_polys_end +
(1 - morph_vals[i]) * normal_polys
temp_norm[, 3] = width_norm
norm_transform = t(solve(rot_mat %*% twist_mat))
normals[[counter]] = t((norm_transform %*% t(temp_norm)))
}
counter = counter + 1
}
#Evaluate next set of vectors
v1 = x1 - x0
c1 = sum(v1 * v1)
rl = r_vec - (2 / c1) * sum(v1 * r_vec) * v1
tl = t_vec - (2 / c1) * sum(v1 * t_vec) * v1
next_deriv = eval_bezier_deriv(cp1, t_temp1)
t_vec_prev = next_deriv / sqrt(sum(next_deriv * next_deriv))
v2 = t_vec_prev - tl
c2 = sum(v2 * v2)
if (c2 != 0) {
t_vec = t_vec_prev
r_vec = rl - (2 / c2) * sum(v2 * rl) * v2
s_vec = cross_prod(t_vec, r_vec)
}
}
rot_mat = matrix(c(s_vec, r_vec, t_vec), 3, 3)
temp_angle_r = morph_vals[seg_end] * end_angle_r
temp_angle_s = morph_vals[seg_end] * end_angle_s
temp_angle_t = morph_vals[seg_end] * end_angle_t
ca = cos(temp_angle_t)
sa = sin(temp_angle_t)
cb = cos(temp_angle_s)
sb = sin(temp_angle_s)
cc = cos(temp_angle_r)
sc = sin(temp_angle_r)
twist_mat = matrix(
c(
cb * cc,
sa * sb * cc - ca * sc,
ca * sb * cc + sa * sc,
cb * sc,
sa * sb * sc + ca * cc,
ca * sb * sc - sa * cc,
-sb,
sa * cb,
ca * cb
),
nrow = 3,
ncol = 3,
byrow = TRUE
)
vertices[[counter]] = matrix(
x1,
ncol = 3,
nrow = nrow(polygon),
byrow = TRUE
) +
t((rot_mat %*% twist_mat %*% t(polygon_end * width_vals[seg_end + 1])))
texcoords[[counter]] = matrix(
c(poly_tex, rep(1 * texture_repeats, nrow(polygon))),
ncol = 2,
nrow = nrow(polygon)
)
if (smooth_normals) {
norm_transform = t(solve(rot_mat %*% twist_mat))
normals[[counter]] = t((norm_transform %*% t(normal_polys_end)))
}
mesh = list()
mesh_caps = list()
end_caps[1] = end_caps[1] & width_vals[1] > 0
end_caps[2] = end_caps[2] & width_vals[length(width_vals)] > 0
vb = do.call(rbind, vertices)
tex = do.call(rbind, texcoords)
if (smooth_normals) {
normal_mat = do.call(rbind, normals)
}
faces = (nrow(polygon) - 1) * 2 * (length(vertices) - 1)
if (faces == 0) {
return()
}
band_faces = (nrow(polygon) - 1) * 2
it = matrix(0, nrow = 3, ncol = faces)
polyadd = c(0, 0, nrow(polygon), nrow(polygon), 0, nrow(polygon))
single_structure = c(1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2)
single_band = matrix(0, nrow = 6, ncol = band_faces / 2)
for (i in seq_len((nrow(polygon) - 1))) {
single_band[, i] = polyadd + single_structure + (i - 1)
}
single_band = matrix(as.vector(single_band), nrow = 3)
for (i in seq_len(length(vertices) - 1)) {
it[, (1 + (i - 1) * band_faces):(i * band_faces)] = single_band +
(i - 1) * nrow(polygon)
}
cap_it_start = matrix(decido::earcut(polygon[, 1:2]), nrow = 3)
end_poly_triangulated = decido::earcut(polygon_end[, 1:2])
if (all(end_caps)) {
cap_it_end_full = matrix(
rev(end_poly_triangulated) + nrow(polygon) * (length(vertices) - 1),
nrow = 3
)
cap_it_end = matrix(
rev(end_poly_triangulated) + max(cap_it_start) - min(cap_it_start) + 1,
nrow = 3
)
vb_ends = rbind(
vb[seq(1, max(cap_it_start)), ],
vb[seq(min(cap_it_end_full), max(cap_it_end_full)), ]
)
it_ends = cbind(cap_it_start, cap_it_end)
} else if (end_caps[1]) {
vb_ends = vb[seq(1, max(cap_it_start)), ]
it_ends = cap_it_start
} else if (end_caps[2]) {
cap_it_end_full = matrix(
rev(end_poly_triangulated) + nrow(polygon) * (length(vertices) - 1),
nrow = 3
)
cap_it_end = matrix(rev(end_poly_triangulated), nrow = 3)
if (min(cap_it_end) == 2) {
cap_it_end = cap_it_end - 1
}
vb_ends = vb[seq(min(cap_it_end_full), max(cap_it_end_full)), ]
it_ends = cap_it_end
}
if (any(end_caps)) {
mesh_caps$vb = t(cbind(vb_ends, rep(1, nrow(vb_ends))))
mesh_caps$it = it_ends
}
mesh$vb = t(cbind(vb, rep(1, nrow(vb))))
if (any(is.nan(mesh$vb))) {
stop("NaN coordinates in mesh generated.")
}
mesh$it = it
if (smooth_normals) {
mesh$normals = t(normal_mat)
}
mesh$texcoords = t(tex)
if (!is.na(material[[1]]$image[[1]])) {
mesh$material$texture = material[[1]]$image[[1]]
mesh$meshColor = "vertices"
}
if (!is.na(material[[1]]$bump_texture[[1]])) {
mesh$material$bump_texture = material[[1]]$bump_texture[[1]]
mesh$material$bump_intensity = material[[1]]$bump_intensity
mesh$meshColor = "vertices"
} else {
mesh$material$bump_texture = ""
mesh$material$bump_intensity = 1
}
class(mesh) = "mesh3d"
class(mesh_caps) = "mesh3d"
same_material = FALSE
if (is.null(dim(material_caps))) {
material_caps = material
same_material = TRUE
}
material_id_old = get("max_material_id", envir = ray_environment)
material_id_new = material_id_old + 1L
assign("max_material_id", material_id_new, envir = ray_environment)
if (any(end_caps)) {
return_scene = add_object(
mesh3d_model(
mesh,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
override_material = TRUE,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale,
material = material
),
mesh3d_model(
mesh_caps,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
material = material_caps,
override_material = TRUE,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale
)
)
if (same_material) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(return_scene))) {
return_scene$shape_info[[i]]$material_id = material_id_new
}
}
} else {
return_scene = mesh3d_model(
mesh,
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
override_material = TRUE,
angle = angle,
order_rotation = order_rotation,
flipped = flipped,
scale = scale,
material = material
)
if (same_material) {
for (i in seq_len(nrow(return_scene))) {
return_scene$shape_info[[i]]$material_id = material_id_new
}
}
}
return(return_scene)
}
#' `raymesh` model
#'
#' Load an `raymesh` object, as specified in the `rayvertex` package.
#'
#' @param mesh A `raymesh` object. Pulls the vertex, index, texture coordinates,
#' normals, and material information.
#' @param x Default `0`. x-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param y Default `0`. y-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param z Default `0`. z-coordinate to offset the model.
#' @param verbose Default `FALSE`. If `TRUE`, prints information about the mesh to the console.
#' @param override_material Default `NULL`, which overrides the material specified in the
#' `raymesh` object only when the user passes a value to `material`. If `TRUE`, overrides the
#' material specified in the `raymesh` object with the one specified in `material`.
#' @param flip_transmittance Default `TRUE`. Flips `(1-t)` the transmittance values to match the way the colors
#' would be interpreted in a rasterizer (where it specifies the transmitted color). Turn off to specify
#' the attenuation values directly.
#' @param calculate_consistent_normals Default `TRUE`. Whether to calculate consistent vertex normals to prevent energy
#' loss at edges.
#' @param importance_sample_lights Default `TRUE`. Whether to importance sample lights specified in the OBJ material
#' (objects with a non-zero Ke MTL material).
#' @param subdivision_levels Default `1`. Number of Loop subdivisions to be applied to the mesh.
#' @param displacement_texture Default `""`. File path to the displacement texture.
#' This texture is used to displace the vertices of the mesh based on the texture's pixel values.
#' @param displacement_intensity Default `1`. Intensity of the displacement effect.
#' Higher values result in greater displacement.
#' @param displacement_vector Default `FALSE`. Whether to use vector displacement.
#' If `TRUE`, the displacement texture is interpreted as providing a 3D displacement vector.
#' Otherwise, the texture is interpreted as providing a scalar displacement.
#' @param recalculate_normals Default `FALSE`. Whether to recalculate vertex normals based on the
#' connecting face orientations. This can be used to compute normals for meshes lacking them or
#' to calculate new normals after a displacement map has been applied to the mesh.
#' @param validate_mesh Default `TRUE`. Validates the `raymesh` object using `rayvertex::validate_mesh()`
#' before parsing to ensure correct parsing. Set to `FALSE` to speed up scene construction if `raymesh_model()`
#' is taking a long time (Note: this does not affect rendering time).
#' @param material Default \code{\link{diffuse}}, but ignored unless `override_material = TRUE`. The material, called from one of the material
#' functions \code{\link{diffuse}}, \code{\link{metal}}, or \code{\link{dielectric}}.
#' @param angle Default `c(0, 0, 0)`. Angle of rotation around the x, y, and z axes, applied in the order specified in `order_rotation`.
#' @param order_rotation Default `c(1, 2, 3)`. The order to apply the rotations, referring to "x", "y", and "z".
#' @param flipped Default `FALSE`. Whether to flip the normals.
#' @param scale Default `c(1, 1, 1)`. Scale transformation in the x, y, and z directions. If this is a single value,
#' number, the object will be scaled uniformly.
#' Note: emissive objects may not currently function correctly when scaled.
#'
#' @return Single row of a tibble describing the raymesh model in the scene.
#' @export
#'
#'@examplesIf interactive() || identical(Sys.getenv("IN_PKGDOWN"), "true")
#' #Render a simple raymesh object
#' library(rayvertex)
#' raymesh_model(sphere_mesh(position = c(-1, 0, 0),
#' material = material_list(transmittance = "red"))) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # We create a complex rayvertex mesh, using the `rayvertex::add_shape` function which
#' # creates a new `raymesh` object out of individual `raymesh` objects
#' rm_scene = sphere_mesh(position = c(-1, 0, 0),
#' material = material_list(transmittance = "red")) |>
#' add_shape(sphere_mesh(position = c(1, 0, 0),
#' material = material_list(transmittance = "green", ior = 1.5)))
#'
#' # Pass the single raymesh object to `raymesh_model()`
#' # `raymesh_model()`
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # Set `flip_transmittance = FALSE` argument to specify attenuation coefficients directly
#' # (as specified in the `dielectric()` material). We change the material's numerical attenuation
#' # constants using `rayvertex::change_material`
#' rm_scene_new= change_material(rm_scene, transmittance = c(1,2,0.3), id = 1) |>
#' change_material(transmittance = c(3,1,2), id = 2)
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene_new, flip_transmittance = FALSE) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # Override the material specified in the `raymesh` object and render the scene
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene,
#' material = dielectric(attenuation = "dodgerblue2", attenuation_intensity = 4),
#' override_material = TRUE) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30, samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
#'
#' # Adjusting the scale, position, and rotation parameters of the `raymesh` model
#' raymesh_model(rm_scene,
#' x = 0, y = 0.5, z = -1, angle = c(0, 0, 20)) |>
#' add_object(generate_ground(material = diffuse(checkercolor="grey20"))) |>
#' render_scene(fov = 30,lookat=c(0,0.5,0), samples=16, sample_method="sobol_blue")
raymesh_model = function(
mesh,
x = 0,
y = 0,
z = 0,
flip_transmittance = TRUE,
verbose = FALSE,
importance_sample_lights = FALSE,
calculate_consistent_normals = TRUE,
subdivision_levels = 1,
displacement_texture = "",
displacement_intensity = 1,
displacement_vector = FALSE,
recalculate_normals = FALSE,
override_material = NULL,
material = diffuse(),
angle = c(0, 0, 0),
order_rotation = c(1, 2, 3),
flipped = FALSE,
scale = c(1, 1, 1),
validate_mesh = TRUE
) {
if (is.null(override_material)) {
override_material = !missing(material)
}
if (length(scale) == 1) {
scale = c(scale, scale, scale)
}
if (!inherits(mesh, "ray_mesh")) {
stop("mesh must be of class 'ray_mesh': actual class is ", class(mesh))
}
if (validate_mesh) {
raymesh = rayvertex::validate_mesh(mesh)
} else {
raymesh = mesh
}
if (subdivision_levels > getOption("rayrender_subdivision_max", 5)) {
stop(
"Default maximum subdivision level set to 5. Did you really mean to set a subdivision level ",
"of ",
subdivision_levels,
"? If so, set `options(rayrender_subdivision_max = ",
subdivision_levels,
")`."
)
}
displacement_texture = check_image_texture(displacement_texture)
new_tibble_row(list(
x = x,
y = y,
z = z,
shape = "raymesh",
material = material,
shape_info = ray_shape_info(
shape_properties = list(
importance_sample_lights = importance_sample_lights,
calculate_consistent_normals = calculate_consistent_normals,
override_material = override_material,
flip_transmittance = flip_transmittance,
subdivision_levels = subdivision_levels,
displacement_texture = displacement_texture,
displacement_intensity = displacement_intensity,
displacement_vector = displacement_vector,
recalculate_normals = recalculate_normals
),
tricolorinfo = list(NA),
fileinfo = NA,
material_id = NA_integer_,
csg_object = list(NA),
mesh_info = list(raymesh),
flipped = flipped
),
transforms = ray_transform(
angle = list(angle),
order_rotation = list(order_rotation),
scale = list(scale),
group_transform = list(matrix(NA_real_))
),
animation_info = ray_animated_transform(
start_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
end_transform_animation = list(matrix(NA_real_)),
start_time = 0,
end_time = 1
)
))
}
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