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#' Construct NWIS url for data retrieval
#'
#' Imports data from NWIS web service. This function gets the data from here:
#' \url{https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/qwdata}
#' A list of parameter codes can be found here:
#' \url{https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/pmcodes/}
#' A list of statistic codes can be found here:
#' \url{https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/help/?read_file=stat&format=table}
#'
#' @param siteNumbers string or vector of strings USGS site number. This is usually an 8 digit number
#' @param parameterCd string or vector of USGS parameter code. This is usually an 5 digit number.
#' @param startDate character starting date for data retrieval in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Default is "" which indicates
#' retrieval for the earliest possible record.
#' @param endDate character ending date for data retrieval in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Default is "" which indicates
#' retrieval for the latest possible record.
#' @param statCd string or vector USGS statistic code only used for daily value service.
#' This is usually 5 digits. Daily mean (00003) is the default.
#' @param service string USGS service to call. Possible values are "dv" (daily values),
#' "uv" (unit/instantaneous values),
#' "qw" (water quality data), "gwlevels" (groundwater),and "rating" (rating curve),
#' "peak", "meas" (discrete streamflow measurements),
#' "stat" (statistics web service BETA).
#' @param format string, can be "tsv" or "xml", and is only applicable for daily
#' and unit value requests. "tsv" returns results faster, but there is a possibility
#' that an incomplete file is returned without warning. XML is slower,
#' but will offer a warning if the file was incomplete (for example, if there was a
#' momentary problem with the internet connection). It is possible to safely use the "tsv" option,
#' but the user must carefully check the results to see if the data returns matches
#' what is expected. The default is therefore "xml".
#' @param expanded logical defaults to \code{TRUE}. If \code{TRUE}, retrieves additional
#' information, only applicable for qw data.
#' @param ratingType can be "base", "corr", or "exsa". Only applies to rating curve data.
#' @param statReportType character Only used for statistics service requests. Time
#' division for statistics: daily, monthly, or annual. Default is daily.
#' Note that daily provides statistics for each calendar day over the specified
#' range of water years, i.e. no more than 366 data points will be returned for
#' each site/parameter. Use \code{readNWISdata} or \code{readNWISdv} for daily averages.
#' Also note that "annual" returns statistics for the calendar year. Use
#' \code{readNWISdata} for water years. Monthly and yearly
#' provide statistics for each month and year within the range individually.
#' @param statType character Only used for statistics service requests. Type(s)
#' of statistics to output for daily values. Default is mean, which is the only
#' option for monthly and yearly report types. See the statistics service documentation
#' at \url{https://waterservices.usgs.gov/docs/statistics/} for a
#' full list of codes.
#' @keywords data import USGS web service
#' @return url string
#' @export
#' @examples
#' site_id <- "01594440"
#' startDate <- "1985-01-01"
#' endDate <- ""
#' pCode <- c("00060", "00010")
#' url_daily <- constructNWISURL(site_id, pCode,
#' startDate, endDate, "dv",
#' statCd = c("00003", "00001")
#' )
#' url_unit <- constructNWISURL(site_id, pCode, "2012-06-28", "2012-06-30", "iv")
#'
#' url_qw_single <- constructNWISURL(site_id, "01075", startDate, endDate, "qw")
#' url_qw <- constructNWISURL(
#' site_id, c("01075", "00029", "00453"),
#' startDate, endDate, "qw"
#' )
#' url_daily_tsv <- constructNWISURL(site_id, pCode, startDate, endDate, "dv",
#' statCd = c("00003", "00001"), format = "tsv"
#' )
#' url_rating <- constructNWISURL(site_id, service = "rating", ratingType = "base")
#' url_peak <- constructNWISURL(site_id, service = "peak")
#' url_meas <- constructNWISURL(site_id, service = "meas")
#' urlQW <- constructNWISURL("450456092225801", "70300",
#' startDate = "", endDate = "",
#' "qw", expanded = TRUE
#' )
constructNWISURL <- function(siteNumbers,
parameterCd = "00060",
startDate = "",
endDate = "",
service,
statCd = "00003",
format = "xml",
expanded = TRUE,
ratingType = "base",
statReportType = "daily",
statType = "mean") {
service <- match.arg(service, c(
"dv", "uv", "iv", "iv_recent", "qw", "gwlevels",
"rating", "peak", "meas", "stat", "qwdata"
))
service[service == "qw"] <- "qwdata"
service[service == "meas"] <- "measurements"
service[service == "uv"] <- "iv"
if (any(!is.na(parameterCd) & parameterCd != "all")) {
pcodeCheck <- all(nchar(parameterCd) == 5) & all(!is.na(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(parameterCd))))
if (!pcodeCheck) {
badIndex <- which(nchar(parameterCd) != 5 | is.na(suppressWarnings(as.numeric(parameterCd))))
stop("The following pCodes appear mistyped:", paste(parameterCd[badIndex], collapse = ", "))
}
if (length(parameterCd) > 200) {
stop("Maximum parameter codes allowed is 200, please adjust data request.")
}
}
multipleSites <- length(siteNumbers) > 1
siteNumbers <- paste(siteNumbers, collapse = ",")
baseURL <- drURL(service, Access = pkg.env$access)
switch(service,
qwdata = {
if (multipleSites) {
searchCriteria <- "multiple_site_no"
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL, multiple_site_no = siteNumbers)
} else {
searchCriteria <- "search_site_no"
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL,
search_site_no = siteNumbers,
search_site_no_match_type = "exact"
)
}
multiplePcodes <- length(parameterCd) > 1
if (multiplePcodes) {
pCodes <- paste(parameterCd, collapse = ",")
url <- appendDrURL(url,
multiple_parameter_cds = pCodes,
param_cd_operator = "OR"
)
} else {
url <- appendDrURL(url,
multiple_parameter_cds = parameterCd,
param_cd_operator = "AND"
)
}
searchCriteria <- paste(searchCriteria, "multiple_parameter_cds", sep = ",")
url <- appendDrURL(url, list_of_search_criteria = searchCriteria)
url <- paste(url, "group_key=NONE&sitefile_output_format=html_table&column_name=agency_cd",
"column_name=site_no&column_name=station_nm&inventory_output=0&rdb_inventory_output=file",
"TZoutput=0&pm_cd_compare=Greater%20than&radio_parm_cds=previous_parm_cds&qw_attributes=0",
"format=rdb&rdb_qw_attributes=0&date_format=YYYY-MM-DD",
"rdb_compression=value",
sep = "&"
)
if (expanded) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, qw_sample_wide = "0")
url <- gsub("rdb_qw_attributes=0", "rdb_qw_attributes=expanded", url)
} else {
url <- appendDrURL(url, qw_sample_wide = "separated_wide")
}
if (nzchar(startDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, begin_date = startDate)
}
if (nzchar(endDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, end_date = endDate)
}
},
rating = {
ratingType <- match.arg(ratingType, c("base", "corr", "exsa"))
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL, site_no = siteNumbers, file_type = ratingType)
},
peak = {
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL,
site_no = siteNumbers,
range_selection = "date_range",
format = "rdb"
)
if (nzchar(startDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, begin_date = startDate)
}
if (nzchar(endDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, end_date = endDate)
}
},
measurements = {
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL,
site_no = siteNumbers,
range_selection = "date_range"
)
if (nzchar(startDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url,
begin_date = startDate
)
}
if (nzchar(endDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, end_date = endDate)
}
if (expanded) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, format = "rdb_expanded")
} else {
url <- appendDrURL(url, format = "rdb")
}
},
stat = { # for statistics service
message("Please be aware the NWIS data service feeding this function is in BETA.\n
Data formatting could be changed at any time, and is not guaranteed")
# make sure only statTypes allowed for the statReportType are being requested
if (!grepl("(?i)daily", statReportType) &&
!all(grepl("(?i)mean", statType)) &&
!all(grepl("(?i)all", statType))) {
stop("Monthly and annual report types can only provide means")
}
# make sure dates aren"t too specific for statReportType
if (grepl("(?i)monthly", statReportType) &&
(length(unlist(gregexpr("-", startDate))) > 1 ||
length(unlist(gregexpr("-", endDate))) > 1)) {
stop("Start and end dates for monthly statReportType can only include months and years")
}
if (grepl("(?i)annual", statReportType) && (grepl("-", startDate) || grepl("-", endDate))) {
stop("Start and end dates for annual statReportType can only include years")
}
statType <- paste(statType, collapse = ",")
parameterCd <- paste(parameterCd, collapse = ",")
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL,
sites = siteNumbers,
statType = statType,
statReportType = statReportType,
parameterCd = parameterCd
)
if (nzchar(startDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, startDT = startDate)
}
if (nzchar(endDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, endDT = endDate)
}
if (!grepl("(?i)daily", statReportType)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, missingData = "off")
}
},
{ # this will be either dv, uv, groundwater
multiplePcodes <- length(parameterCd) > 1
# Check for 5 digit parameter code:
if (multiplePcodes) {
parameterCd <- paste(parameterCd, collapse = ",")
}
format <- match.arg(format, c("xml", "tsv", "wml1", "wml2", "rdb"))
formatURL <- switch(format,
xml = {
if ("gwlevels" == service) {
"waterml"
} else {
"waterml,1.1"
}
},
rdb = {
if ("gwlevels" == service) {
"rdb,3.0"
} else {
"rdb,1.0"
}
},
tsv = {
if ("gwlevels" == service) {
"rdb"
} else {
"rdb,1.0"
}
},
wml2 = "waterml,2.0",
wml1 = {
if ("gwlevels" == service) {
"waterml"
} else {
"waterml,1.1"
}
}
)
url <- appendDrURL(baseURL,
site = siteNumbers,
format = formatURL
)
if (!is.na(parameterCd)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, ParameterCd = parameterCd)
}
if ("dv" == service) {
if (length(statCd) > 1) {
statCd <- paste(statCd, collapse = ",")
}
url <- appendDrURL(url, StatCd = statCd)
}
if (nzchar(startDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, startDT = startDate)
} else {
startorgin <- "1851-01-01"
if ("iv" == service) startorgin <- "1900-01-01"
url <- appendDrURL(url, startDT = startorgin)
}
if (nzchar(endDate)) {
url <- appendDrURL(url, endDT = endDate)
}
}
)
return(url)
}
#' Construct WQP url for data retrieval
#'
#' Construct WQP url for data retrieval. This function gets the data from here: \url{https://www.waterqualitydata.us}
#'
#' @param siteNumbers string or vector of strings USGS site number. This is usually an 8 digit number
#' @param parameterCd string or vector of USGS parameter code. This is usually an 5 digit number.
#' @param startDate character starting date for data retrieval in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Default is "" which indicates
#' retrieval for the earliest possible record.
#' @param endDate character ending date for data retrieval in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Default is "" which indicates
#' retrieval for the latest possible record.
#' @param zip logical to request data via downloading zip file. Default set to TRUE.
#' @keywords data import WQP web service
#' @return url string
#' @export
#' @examples
#' site_id <- "01594440"
#' startDate <- "1985-01-01"
#' endDate <- ""
#' pCode <- c("00060", "00010")
#' url_wqp <- constructWQPURL(
#' paste("USGS", site_id, sep = "-"),
#' c("01075", "00029", "00453"),
#' startDate, endDate
#' )
#' url_wqp
#' charNames <- c(
#' "Temperature",
#' "Temperature, sample",
#' "Temperature, water",
#' "Temperature, water, deg F"
#' )
#' obs_url_orig <- constructWQPURL(
#' siteNumbers = c(
#' "IIDFG-41WSSPAHS",
#' "USGS-02352560"
#' ),
#' parameterCd = charNames,
#' startDate, ""
#' )
#' obs_url_orig
constructWQPURL <- function(siteNumbers,
parameterCd,
startDate,
endDate,
zip = TRUE) {
multiplePcodes <- length(parameterCd) > 1
siteNumbers <- paste(siteNumbers, collapse = ";")
if (all(nchar(parameterCd) == 5)) {
suppressWarnings(pCodeLogic <- all(!is.na(as.numeric(parameterCd))))
} else {
pCodeLogic <- FALSE
parameterCd <- sapply(parameterCd, utils::URLencode, USE.NAMES = FALSE, reserved = TRUE)
}
if (multiplePcodes) {
parameterCd <- paste(parameterCd, collapse = ";")
}
baseURL <- drURL("Result", siteid = siteNumbers, Access = pkg.env$access)
url <- paste0(
baseURL,
ifelse(pCodeLogic, "&pCode=", "&characteristicName="),
parameterCd
)
if (nzchar(startDate)) {
startDate <- format(as.Date(startDate), format = "%m-%d-%Y")
url <- paste0(url, "&startDateLo=", startDate)
}
if (nzchar(endDate)) {
endDate <- format(as.Date(endDate), format = "%m-%d-%Y")
url <- paste0(url, "&startDateHi=", endDate)
}
url <- paste0(url, "&mimeType=tsv")
if (zip) {
url <- paste0(url, "&zip=yes")
} else {
url <- paste0(url, "&zip=no")
}
return(url)
}
#' Construct URL for NWIS water use data service
#'
#' Reconstructs URLs to retrieve data from here: \url{https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/wu}
#'
#' @param years integer Years for data retrieval. Must be years ending in 0 or 5,
#' or "ALL", which retrieves all available years.
#' @param stateCd could be character (full name, abbreviation, id), or numeric (id)
#' @param countyCd could be numeric (County IDs from countyCdLookup) or character ("ALL")
#' @param categories character Two-letter cateogory abbreviation(s)
#' @return url string
#' @export
#' @examples
#' url <- constructUseURL(
#' years = c(1990, 1995),
#' stateCd = "Ohio",
#' countyCd = c(1, 3),
#' categories = "ALL"
#' )
#'
constructUseURL <- function(years, stateCd, countyCd, categories) {
if (is.null(stateCd)) {
baseURL <- drURL("useNat",
format = "rdb",
rdb_compression = "value",
Access = pkg.env$access
)
} else {
stateCd <- stateCdLookup(input = stateCd, outputType = "postal")
baseURL <- "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/"
base2 <- "nwis/water_use?format=rdb&rdb_compression=value"
baseURL <- paste0(baseURL, paste0(stateCd, "/"), base2)
if (!is.null(countyCd)) {
if (length(countyCd) > 1) {
countyCd <- paste(countyCd, collapse = "%2C")
}
baseURL <- paste0(baseURL, "&wu_area=county&wu_county=", countyCd)
} else {
baseURL <- paste0(baseURL, "&wu_area=State%20Total")
}
}
years <- paste(years, collapse = "%2C")
categories <- paste(categories, collapse = "%2C")
retURL <- paste0(baseURL, "&wu_year=", years, "&wu_category=", categories)
return(retURL)
}
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