Nothing
AnotA <-
function (x1, n1, x2, n2, ...)
### Revise for better computational methods (don't use glm unless it
### is needed to get the standard errors?) and reconsider the output.
{
m <- match.call(expand.dots = FALSE)
m[[1]] <- as.name("c")
m <- eval.parent(m) # evaluate the *list* of arguments
data <- m
for(i in data) {
if(i != abs(trunc(i)) | i==0)
stop("Data have to be positive integers")
}
if(x1 >= n1)
stop("'x1' has to be smaller than 'n1'")
if(x2 >= n2)
stop("'x2' has to be smaller than 'n2'")
call <- match.call()
test <- "A-Not A"
## Arrange data:
xt <- cbind(c(x1, x2), c(n1 - x1, n2 - x2))
## Fit GLM:
res <- glm(xt ~ gl(2,1),
family = binomial(link = "probit"), ...) # added "" to probit 1.4-6
## Prepare output:
b <- coef(summary(res))
coef <- -b[2,1] # d-prime
se <- b[2,2]
vcov <- as.matrix(se^2) # variance-covariance
### FIXME: Do not use Fishers exact test here!
p.value <- fisher.test(xt, alternative="greater")$p.value
## Naming:
names(vcov) <- names(se) <- names(coef) <- "d-prime"
fit <- list(coefficients = coef, res.glm = res, vcov = vcov, se = se,
data = data, p.value = p.value, test = test,
call = call)
class(fit) <- c("anota")
fit
}
discrim <-
function(correct, total, d.prime0, pd0, conf.level = 0.95,
method = c("duotrio", "tetrad", "threeAFC", "twoAFC",
"triangle", "hexad", "twofive", "twofiveF"),
double = FALSE,
statistic = c("exact", "likelihood", "score", "Wald"),
test = c("difference", "similarity"), ...)
{
stopifnot(length(correct) == 1L, is.numeric(correct),
length(total) == 1L, is.numeric(total),
length(conf.level) == 1L, is.numeric(conf.level),
conf.level >= 0, conf.level <= 1,
is.logical(double) || is.numeric(double) && length(double) == 1L)
m <- match.call(expand.dots=FALSE)
method <- match.arg(method)
test <- match.arg(test)
stat <- match.arg(statistic)
m[[1]] <- as.name("list")
m$method <- m$statistic <- m$test <- NULL
m <- eval.parent(m) # evaluate the *list* of arguments
x <- m$correct; n <- m$total
call <- match.call()
## use round - as.integer also strips names:
if(!isTRUE(all.equal(round(x), x)) || x < 0)
stop("'correct' has to be a non-negative integer")
x <- as.integer(round(x))
if(!isTRUE(all.equal(round(n), n)) || n <= 0)
stop("'total' has to be a positive integer")
n <- as.integer(round(n))
if(x > n)
stop("'correct' cannot be larger than 'total'")
if(method %in% c("hexad", "twofive", "twofiveF") && double)
stop("'double' method for 'hexad', 'twofive' and 'twofiveF' are not yet implemented")
Pguess <- pc0 <- getPguess(method=method, double=double)
pd0 <- 0 ## Initial default value.
## Check value of null hypothesis (pd0/d.prime0):
null.args <- c("pd0", "d.prime0")
isPresent <- sapply(null.args, function(arg) !is.null(m[[arg]]))
if(sum(isPresent) > 1)
stop("Only specify one of 'pd0' and 'd.prime0'")
if(test == "similarity" && sum(isPresent) == 0)
stop("Either 'pd0' or 'd.prime0' has to be specified for a similarity test")
alt.scale <- "d-prime" ## default value
## Test value of null hypothesis arg:
if(sum(isPresent)) {
alt.scale <- switch(null.args[isPresent],
"pd0" = "pd",
"d.prime0" = "d-prime",
stop("Argument not recognized"))
if(alt.scale == "pd") {
pd0 <- m$pd0
stopifnot(is.numeric(pd0),
length(pd0) == 1L,
pd0 >= 0,
pd0 <= 1)
if(test == "similarity" && pd0 == 0)
warning("'pd0' should be positive for a similarity test")
pc0 <- pd2pc(pd0, Pguess)
} else if(alt.scale == "d-prime") {
d.prime0 <- m$d.prime0
stopifnot(is.numeric(d.prime0),
length(d.prime0) == 1L,
d.prime0 >= 0)
if(test == "similarity" && d.prime0 == 0)
warning("'d.prime0' should be positive for a similarity test")
pc0 <- psyfun(d.prime0, method=method, double=double)
pd0 <- pc2pd(pc=pc0, Pguess=Pguess)
}
}
## Compute estimates:
mu <- x/n
se.mu <- sqrt(mu*(1 - mu)/n)
## Draft coefficient table:
table <- array(NA, dim = c(3, 4))
rownames(table) <- c("pc", "pd", "d-prime")
colnames(table) <- c("Estimate", "Std. Error", "Lower", "Upper")
## Fill in estimates:
obj <- rescale(pc = mu, method = method, double=double)
table[,1] <- unlist(obj$coefficients)
pc.hat <- table[1,1]
## Fill in standard errors:
if(mu < 1 && mu > Pguess) {
obj <- rescale(pc = mu, std.err = se.mu, method = method, double=double)
table[,2] <- unlist(obj$std.err)
}
## Get p-value, CI and test statistic:
if(stat == "exact") {
p.value <-
if(test == "difference")
1 - pbinom(q = x - 1, size = n, prob = pc0)
else
pbinom(q = x, size = n, prob = pc0)
ci <- c(binom.test(x = x, n = n, alternative = "two.sided",
conf.level = conf.level)$conf.int)
}
if(stat == "likelihood") {
prof <- profBinom(x, n, nProf = 100)
ci <- c(confint(prof, level = conf.level))
logLikMax <- dbinom(x, n, pc.hat, log = TRUE)
logLikNull <- dbinom(x, n, pc0, log = TRUE)
Stat <- sign(table[1,1] - pc0) *
sqrt(2 * (logLikMax - logLikNull))
### Note: Stat can get negative here.
p.value <-
if(test == "difference") pnorm(Stat, lower.tail = FALSE)
else pnorm(Stat)
}
if(stat == "Wald") {
Stat <- (pc.hat - pc0) / sqrt(pc.hat*(1 - pc.hat)/n)
p.value <-
if(test == "difference") pnorm(Stat, lower.tail = FALSE)
else pnorm(Stat)
a <- (1 - conf.level)/2
ci <- mu + se.mu * qnorm(c(a, 1 - a))
}
if(stat == "score") {
ci <- prop.test(x = x, n = n, alternative = "two.sided",
conf.level = conf.level)$conf.int
## prop.test needs p in (0, 1):
PC0 <- delimit(x=pc0, lower=0+1e-8, upper=1-1e-8)
if(test == "difference")
### NOTE: need suppressWarnings to ignore warning about dubious
### chi-square approximation:
score <- suppressWarnings(prop.test(x = x, n = n, alternative = "greater",
p = PC0, correct = FALSE))
else
score <- suppressWarnings(prop.test(x = x, n = n, alternative = "less",
p = PC0, correct = FALSE))
Stat <- score$statistic
p.value <- score$p.value
}
if(sum(is.na(ci)) == 0) {
ci <- delimit(x = ci, lower = 0, upper = 1)
intervals <- rescale(pc = ci, method = method, double = double)$coefficients
table[,3] <- unlist(intervals[1,])
table[,4] <- unlist(intervals[2,])
}
res <- list(coefficients = table, p.value = p.value, call = call,
test = test, method = method, statistic = stat,
data = c("correct" = x, "total" = n), pd0 = pd0,
conf.level = conf.level, alt.scale = alt.scale,
double = double)
if(stat != "exact")
res$stat.value <- Stat
if(stat == "score")
res$df <- score$parameter
if(stat == "likelihood")
res$profile <- prof
class(res) <- "discrim"
return(res)
}
discrimOld <-
function (success, total,
method = c("duotrio", "threeAFC", "twoAFC", "triangle"),
pd0 = 0, type = c("difference", "similarity"), ...)
{
m <- match.call(expand.dots=FALSE)
method <- match.arg(method)
type <- match.arg(type)
m[[1]] <- as.name("list")
m$method <- m$type <- NULL
m <- eval.parent(m) # evaluate the *list* of arguments
x <- m$success; n <- m$total
call <- match.call()
if(x != trunc(x) | x<=0)
stop("'success' has to be a positive integer")
if(n != trunc(n) | n<=0)
stop("'total' has to be a positive integer")
if(x >= n)
stop("'total' has to be larger than 'success'")
if(pd0 < 0 | pd0 > 1)
stop("'pd0' has to be between zero and one")
p <- getPguess(method)
## Compute p-value:
p.value <-
if(type == "difference")
1 - pbinom(x - 1, n, pd0 + p * (1 - pd0))
else
pbinom(x, n, pd0 + p * (1 - pd0))
if(x/n > p) {
## stop("'succes'/'total' has to be larger than ",
## ifelse(p < 1/2, "1/3", "1/2") , " for the ",
## method, " test")
## Create glm-family object
fam <- switch(method,
duotrio = duotrio(),
threeAFC = threeAFC(),
twoAFC = twoAFC(),
triangle = triangle() )
## Compute d-prime:
xt <- matrix(c(x, n - x), ncol = 2)
etastart <- fam$linkfun(xt[1, 1]/sum(xt))
res <- glm(xt ~ 1, family = fam, etastart = etastart,
control = glm.control(epsilon = 1e-05, maxit = 50), ...)
## Prepare output:
s.res <- summary(res)
coef <- coef(res)
vcov <- s.res$cov.unscaled
se <- s.res$coef[,2]
}
else {
coef <- 0
vcov <- se <- NA
res <- NULL
}
data <- c(success = x, total = n)
## Naming:
names(coef) <- names(se) <- names(vcov) <- "d-prime"
## Output'ing and class'ing:
fit <- list(coefficients = coef, res.glm = res, vcov = vcov, se = se,
data = data, p.value = p.value, test = method,
call = call)
class(fit) <- "anota"
fit
}
discrimSim <-
function(sample.size, replicates, d.prime, sd.indiv = 0,
method = c("duotrio", "halfprobit", "probit", "tetrad",
"triangle", "twoAFC", "threeAFC", "hexad", "twofive", "twofiveF"),
double = FALSE)
{
method <- match.arg(method)
if(sample.size != trunc(sample.size) | sample.size <= 0)
stop("'sample.size' has to be a positive integer")
if(replicates != trunc(replicates) | replicates < 0)
stop("'replicates' has to be a non-negativ integer")
if(d.prime < 0) stop("'d.prime' has to be non-negative")
if(sd.indiv < 0) stop("'sd.indiv' has to be non-negative")
if(method %in% c("hexad", "twofive", "twofiveF") && double)
stop("'double' method for 'hexad', 'twofive' and 'twofiveF' are not yet implemented")
## Individual deviations in d.prime:
D <- rnorm(n = sample.size, mean = 0, sd = sd.indiv)
q <- delimit(d.prime + D, lower = 0) # individual d.prime's
## Compute no. correct answers for the test:
n.correct <- rbinom(n=sample.size, size=replicates,
prob=psyfun(q, method=method, double=double))
n.correct
}
print.anota <-
function(x, digits = getOption("digits"),
alpha=.05, ...) {
coef <- x$coef; se <- x$se; p.value <- x$p.value
p <- 1-alpha/2
lower <- coef - qnorm(p) * se
lower <- ifelse(lower <= 0, 0, lower)
upper <- coef + qnorm(p) * se
mat <- c(coef, se, lower, upper, p.value)
table <- matrix(mat, nrow = length(coef))
rownames(table) <- names(coef)
colnames(table) <- c("Estimate", "Std. Error", "Lower",
"Upper", "P-value")
cat("\nCall: ", deparse(x$call), "\n\n")
cat("Results for the", x$test, "test:\n\n")
print(table, digits = digits)
invisible(x)
}
print.discrim <-
function(x, digits = max(3, getOption("digits") - 3), ...)
{
text1 <- switch(x$statistic,
"exact" = "'exact' binomial test.",
"likelihood" = "likelihood root statistic.",
"Wald" = "Wald statistic.",
"score" = "Pearson and score statistics.")
txt <- if(x$double) "\nEstimates for the double" else "\nEstimates for the"
cat(paste(txt, x$method,
"discrimination protocol with", x$data[1],
"correct\nanswers in",
x$data[2], "trials. One-sided p-value and",
round(100 * x$conf.level, 3),
"% two-sided confidence\nintervals are based on the",
text1, "\n\n"))
print(x$coefficients, digits = digits)
Pguess <- getPguess(method=x$method, double=x$double)
d.prime0 <- psyinv(pd2pc(x$pd0, Pguess), method = x$method,
double=x$double)
null.value <- switch(x$alt.scale,
"pd" = x$pd0,
"d-prime" = psyinv(pd2pc(x$pd0, Pguess),
method=x$method, double=x$double))
cat(paste("\nResult of", x$test, "test:\n"))
if(x$statistic == "Wald")
cat(paste("Wald statistic = ", format(x$stat.value, digits),
", p-value: ", format.pval(x$p.value, digits=4), "\n",
sep=""))
if(x$statistic == "likelihood")
cat(paste("Likelihood Root statistic = ",
format(x$stat.value, digits),
", p-value: ", format.pval(x$p.value, digits=4), "\n",
sep=""))
if(x$statistic == "exact")
cat(paste("'exact' binomial test: ",
"p-value =", format.pval(x$p.value, digits=4), "\n"))
if(x$statistic == "score")
cat(paste("Pearson X-square statistic = ",
format(x$stat.value, digits), ", df = ", x$df,
", p-value: ", format.pval(x$p.value, digits=4), "\n",
sep = ""))
cat("Alternative hypothesis: ")
cat(paste(x$alt.scale,"is",
ifelse(x$test == "difference", "greater", "less"),
"than", format(null.value, digits=digits), "\n\n"))
if(any(is.na(x$coefficients[, 2])))
cat("Standard errors are not estimable due to an observed proportion either\n",
"at or below guessing level or at 100%. Everything else is still valid.\n\n", sep="")
invisible(x)
}
plot.discrim <-
function(x, main = TRUE, length = 1000, ...)
{
z <- seq(-5, 5, length.out = length)
y <- dnorm(z)
y2 <- dnorm(z, mean = coef(x)[3, 1])
main.txt <- ifelse(main,
paste("Distribution of sensory intensity for",
ifelse(x$double, "the double", "the"),
x$method, "test"), c("") )
plot(z, y, type="l", xlab = "Sensory Magnitude",
ylab = "", main = main.txt, las = 1, lty = 2, ...)
lines(z, y2, col = "red", lty = 1, ...)
invisible()
}
plot.anota <-
function(x, main = TRUE, length = 1000, ...)
{
z <- seq(-5, 5, length.out = length)
y <- dnorm(z)
y2 <- dnorm(z, mean = coefficients(x))
main.txt <- ifelse(main,
paste("Distribution of sensory intensity for the",
x$test, "test"), c("") )
plot(z, y, type="l", xlab = "Sensory Magnitude",
ylab = "", main = main.txt, las = 1, lty = 2, ...)
lines(z, y2, col = "red", lty = 1, ...)
invisible()
}
## discrimr <- ## Discrim revised
## function(formula, data, weights, start, subset, na.action, contrasts
## = NULL, method = c("duotrio", "probit", "threeAFC",
## "triangle", "twoAFC", "logit"), Hess = TRUE, ...)
## {
## nll <- function(beta, X, y, w) { # negative log-likelihood
## eta <- offset
## eta <- eta + X %*% beta
## p <- link.inv(eta)
## if(all(p > 0 && p < 1))
## -sum(2 * w * (y*log(p/(1 - p)) + log(1-p)))
## else(Inf)
## }
## grd <- function(beta, X, y, w) { # gradient
## eta <- offset
## eta <- eta + X %*% beta
## p <- link.inv(eta)
## if(all(p > 0)) {
## ## cat(NROW(w), NROW(p), NROW(y), "X = ", dim(X), "\n")
## -2 * t(X) %*% (w * muEta(eta) * (y/p - (1-y)/(1-p)))
## ## browser() } else(rep(NA, length(beta)))
## }
## }
## m <- match.call(expand.dots = FALSE) m$start <- m$Hess <-
## m$method <- m$... <- NULL
## m[[1]] <- as.name("model.frame") if
## (is.matrix(eval.parent(m$data))) m$data <- as.data.frame(data) m
## <- eval.parent(m) Terms <- attr(m, "terms") x <-
## model.matrix(Terms, m, contrasts) n <- nrow(x) cons <- attr(x,
## "contrasts") wt <- model.weights(m) if (!length(wt)) wt <- rep(1,
## n) offset <- model.offset(m) if (length(offset) <= 1) offset <-
## rep(0, n) y <- model.response(m) if (NCOL(y) == 2) { n <- y[, 1] +
## y[, 2] y <- ifelse(n == 0, 0, y[, 1]/n) wt <- wt * n }
## stopifnot(all(wt > 0)) if(missing(start)) start <- rep(0, ncol(x))
## if(missing(data)) if(length(start) != ncol(x))
## stop("'start' is not of correct length") method <-
## match.arg(method) dn <- dimnames(x)[[2]] link.inv <-
## switch(method, duotrio = duotrio()$linkinv, probit = pnorm,
## threeAFC = threeAFC()$linkinv, triangle = triangle()$linkinv,
## twoAFC = twoAFC()$linkinv, logit = plogis
## ### twoAFC = function(eta) {pnorm(eta/sqrt(2))}
## )
## muEta <- switch(method,
## duotrio = duotrio()$mu.eta,
## probit = dnorm,
## threeAFC = threeAFC()$mu.eta,
## triangle = triangle()$mu.eta,
## twoAFC = twoAFC()$mu.eta,
## logit = dlogis
## )
##
## fit <- optim(start, fn=nll, gr=grd, X=x, y=y, w=wt, method="BFGS", #
## hessian = Hess, ...)
## ## Fitted values (probabilities):
## fit$fitted <- p <- link.inv(offset + x %*% fit$par)
## ## Deviance:
## fit$dev <- 2 * wt * (y * log(y/p) + (1 - y) * log((1 - y)/(1 - p)))
## fit$deviance <- sum(fit$dev)
## fit$resid.dev <- sign(y - p) * sqrt(fit$dev)
## se <- NULL
## if(Hess) {
## fit$vcov <- solve(fit$hessian)
## fit$se <- sqrt(diag(fit$vcov))
## names(fit$se) <- dn
## dimnames(fit$vcov) <- list(dn, dn)
## }
## fit$coef <- fit$par
## fit$data <- data
## fit$test <- method
## fit$call <- match.call()
## names(fit$coef) <- dn
## class(fit) <- "discrimr"
## fit
## }
confint.anota <-
function(object, parm, level = 0.95, ...)
### get confint from the discrim object.
{
## Using confint.glm from MASS:
ci <- confint(object$res, level = level)
rownames(ci) <- c("threshold", "d.prime")
ci[2,] <- rev(-ci[2,])
return(ci)
}
confint.discrim <-
function(object, parm, level = 0.95, ...)
### get confint from the discrim object.
{
if(level == object$conf.level)
obj <- object$coefficients[, 3:4]
else {
call <- update(object, conf.level = level, evaluate = FALSE)
obj <- eval.parent(call)$coefficients[, 3:4]
}
attr(obj, "method") <- object$method
attr(obj, "conf.level") <- object$conf.level
attr(obj, "statistic") <- object$statistic
return(obj)
}
profile.discrim <-
function(fitted, ...)
{
if(fitted$statistic == "likelihood")
prof <- fitted$profile
else {
call <- update(fitted, statistic = "likelihood", evaluate = FALSE)
fitted <- eval.parent(call)
prof <- fitted$profile
}
pg <- getPguess(method=fitted$method, double=fitted$double)
prof <- prof[prof$pSeq >= pg, ]
### FIXME: This does not handle if x/n < pg, as the relative
### likelihood needs to be rescaled to have max in pg in that case.
### - Really?
prof$d.prime <-
psyinv(prof$pSeq, method=fitted$method, double=fitted$double)
keep <- is.finite(prof$d.prime)
prof$pSeq <- NULL
prof <- prof[keep, ]
attr(prof, "method") <- fitted$method
class(prof) <- c("profile.discrim", "data.frame")
return(prof)
}
plot.profile.discrim <-
function(x, level = c(0.99, 0.95), fig = TRUE, method = "natural",
n = 1e3, ...)
{
lim <- sapply(level, function(x) exp(-qchisq(x, df = 1)/2))
if (fig == TRUE) {
npl.spline <- spline(x$d.prime, x$Lroot, n = n, method = method)
plot(npl.spline$x, exp(-npl.spline$y^2/2), type = "l", las = 1,
ylim = c(0, 1),
xlab = "d-prime", ylab = "Relative Likelihood",
main = "", ...)
abline(h = lim)
}
## class(x) <- c("nProfile.discrim", "data.frame")
invisible(x)
}
profBinom <- function(success, total, nProf = 100, ...)
{
x <- success; n <- total
if(x != trunc(x) || x < 0)
stop("'success' has to be a non-negative integer")
if(n != trunc(n) || n <= 0)
stop("'total' has to be a positive integer")
if(x > n)
stop("'success' > 'total' not allowed")
pHat <- x/n
logLik <- dbinom(x, n, pHat, log=TRUE)
## pSeq <- seq(from=1e-4, to=1-1e-4, length=nProf)
pSeq <- seq(from = 1e-8, to = 1-1e-8, length = nProf)
## add 'from' and 'to' to the argument list?
if(!(pHat %in% pSeq))
pSeq <- sort(c(pHat, pSeq))
ll <- dbinom(x, n, pSeq, log=TRUE)
sign <- 2*(pSeq > pHat) -1
Lroot <- sign * sqrt(2) * sqrt(-ll + logLik)
prof <- data.frame(pSeq = pSeq, Lroot=Lroot)
attr(prof, "logLik") <- logLik
attr(prof, "pHat") <- pHat ## MLE
class(prof) <- c("profBinom", "data.frame")
prof
}
confint.profBinom <- function(object, parm, level=0.95, ...) {
a <- (1-level)/2
a <- c(a, 1-a)
cutoff <- qnorm(a)
sp <- with(object, spline(plogis(pSeq), Lroot))
ci <- array(0, dim=c(1,2))
ci[] <- approx(sp$y, sp$x, xout = cutoff)$y
ci <- qlogis(ci)
pHat <- attr(object, "pHat")
if(pHat == 0) ci[1] <- 0
if(pHat == 1) ci[2] <- 1
rownames(ci) <- "p"
colnames(ci) <- c("lower", "upper")
attr(ci, "level") <- level
ci
}
plotProf <-
function(object,
method = c("duotrio", "tetrad", "threeAFC", "twoAFC",
"triangle", "hexad", "twofive", "twofiveF"),
double = FALSE, log = FALSE, relative = TRUE, ...)
{
method <- match.arg(method)
double <- as.logical(double[1L])
if(method == "binom") {
sp <- with(object, spline(pSeq, Lroot))
xlab <- "p"
} else {
fam <- getFamily(method=method, double=double)
dSeq <- fam$linkfun(object$pSeq)
skip <- seq_len(sum(dSeq == 0) -1) ## skip leading zeros
sp <- spline(dSeq[-skip], object$Lroot[-skip])
xlab <- expression(delta)
}
if(relative){
y <- -sp$y^2/2
} else {
y <- -sp$y^2/2 + attr(object, "logLik")
}
if(!log) y <- exp(y)
plot(sp$x, y, type ="l", xlab=xlab,
ylab = "Relative likelihood", ...)
### Make correct ylab for various cases.
if(relative & !log)
abline(h = c(0.1465, .0362))
### Include level-argument and compute the levels.
## points(ci.pHat, rep(.1465, 2))
### should something be returned? x and y perhaps?
}
## `discrimPwr` <-
## function (delta, sample.size, alpha = 0.05,
## method = c("duotrio", "threeAFC", "twoAFC", "triangle"),
## pd0 = 0, type = c("difference", "similarity"))
## {
## ### m <- match.call(expand.dots=FALSE)
## method <- match.arg(method)
## type <- match.arg(type)
## ### m[[1]] <- as.name("list")
## ### m$method <- NULL
## ### eval.parent(m) # evaluate the *list* of arguments
## ss <- sample.size
## ## Control arguments:
## if(ss != trunc(ss) | ss <= 0)
## stop("'sample.size' has to be a positive integer")
## if(delta < 0) stop("'delta' has to be non-negative")
## if(alpha <= 0 | alpha >= 1)
## stop("'alpha' has to be between zero and one")
## if(pd0 < 0 | pd0 > 1)
## stop("'pd0' has to be between zero and one")
## ## Find the prob corresponding to delta:
## prob <- switch(method,
## duotrio = duotrio(),
## triangle = triangle(),
## twoAFC = twoAFC(),
## threeAFC = threeAFC() )
## ## prob under the null hypothesis:
## Pguess <- ifelse(method %in% c("duotrio", "twoAFC"), 1/2, 1/3)
## ## critical value in a one-tailed binomial test:
## xcr <- findcr(ss, alpha, Pguess, type = type, pd0)
## ## Compute power of the test:
## if(type == "difference")
## power <- 1 - pbinom(xcr - 1, ss, prob$linkinv(delta))
## else
## power <- pbinom(xcr, ss, prob$linkinv(delta))
## power
## }
##
## discrimPwr <-
## function(delta, sample.size, alpha = 0.05,
## method = c("duotrio", "threeAFC", "twoAFC", "triangle"),
## pd0 = 0, test = c("difference", "similarity"))
## {
## ## match and test arguments:
## method <- match.arg(method)
## test <- match.arg(test)
## ss <- sample.size
## if(ss != trunc(ss) | ss <= 0)
## stop("'sample.size' has to be a positive integer")
## if(delta < 0) stop("'delta' has to be non-negative")
## if(alpha <= 0 | alpha >= 1)
## stop("'alpha' has to be between zero and one")
## if(pd0 < 0 | pd0 > 1)
## stop("'pd0' has to be between zero and one")
## ## get pc from delta:
## pc <- psyfun(delta, method = method)
## Pguess <- ifelse(method %in% c("duotrio", "twoAFC"), 1/2, 1/3)
## ## critical value in one-tailed binomial test:
## xcr <- findcr(ss, alpha, Pguess, test = test, pd0)
## ## compute power of the test from critical value:
## if(test == "difference") {
## xcr <- delimit(xcr, lower = 1, upper = ss + 1)
## power <- 1 - pbinom(q = xcr - 1, size = ss, prob = pc)
## }
## else if(test == "similarity") {
## xcr <- delimit(xcr, lower = 0, upper = ss)
## power <- pbinom(q = xcr, size = ss, prob = pc)
## }
## else ## should never happen
## stop("'test' not recognized")
## return(power)
## }
### This is not working due to the discreteness of the binomial
### distribution:
### testSS <- function(target.power, pdA, pd0, sample.size, alpha = 0.05,
### pGuess, test)
### ### Is sample.size the required sample size for a one-tailed binomial test?
### ### Result: boolean
### ((discrimPwr2(pdA = pdA, pd0 = pd0, sample.size = sample.size,
### alpha = alpha, pGuess = pGuess, test = test)
### >= target.power) &&
### (discrimPwr2(pdA = pdA, pd0 = pd0, sample.size = sample.size - 1,
### alpha = alpha, pGuess = pGuess, test = test)
### < target.power))
## discrimSSold <-
## function (delta, power, alpha = 0.05,
## method = c("duotrio", "threeAFC", "twoAFC", "triangle"),
## pd0 = 0, type = c("difference", "similarity"), start = 1)
## {
## method <- match.arg(method)
## type <- match.arg(type)
## if(delta < 0) stop("'delta' has to be non-negative")
## if(alpha <= 0 | alpha >= 1)
## stop("'alpha' has to be between zero and one")
## if(power <= 0 | power >= 1)
## stop("'power' has to be between zero and one")
## if(pd0 < 0 | pd0 > 1)
## stop("'pd0' has to be between zero and one")
## i <- start
## while (discrimPwr(delta = delta, sample.size = i,
## alpha = alpha, method = method,
## pd0 = pd0, type = type) < power)
## i <- i + 1
## i
## }
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